DHN 101 Exam 1

Dave's height is 72 inches. What is his approximate height in centimeters?

183 c

sodium intake should be limited to less than ___ per day

2300 mg

to be labeled as "reduced", the product contains ___% less of the nutrient or calories found in the product

25

following the MyPlate recommendations, the 2000kcal diet is allowed approximately ___ empty calories

260

the EAR should meet the needs of __ % of healthy people in a particular life stage/gender group

50

Sweet potatoes, black-eyed peas, and "greens" are traditional foods with

African heritage

the ___ is the federal agency that tries to ensure the safety and effectiveness of health-related products

FDA

_____ depicts the key elements of a healthy diet

MyPlate

fortification

The addition of nutrients that are not naturally present

The DRI used to establish maximum safe levels of nutrient intake is the ____

Tolerable Upper Intake Level

Belle is pregnant and has two young children. She is having difficulty supporting her family on an income of $18,000/year. Recently, she was diagnosed with high blood pressure and iron deficiency. Based on this information, Belle should enroll in the _____ program.

WIC

a testimonial is

a personal endorsement of a product

a diet is likely to be safe and nutritionally adequate if

average daily intakes for nutrients meet RDA or AI values

the participants in an experiment who are not given the treatment being tested are

control group

daily values are

dietary standards developed for food-labeling purposes

pellagra

disease that was widespread in the us during the early 1900s

order of the small intestine

duodenum jejunum illeum

liver

makes cholesterol manufactures bile

Buddhist

meat is avoided; vegetarianism is encouraged

Since the Pima Indians have adopted a more "Western" diet, obesity and type 2 diabetes are

more common

waves of muscular contractions that propel food along the gastrointestinal tract are

peristalisis

fruits

physochemicals, potassium, vitamin c

pseudoscience

presentation of information masquerading as factual and obtained by scientific methods

salivary glands

produce and secrete salivary amylase

the Framingham Heart Study is a well-known ___ study

prospective

fruit is generally a good source of all of the following substances, except

protein

endocrine system

regulates metabolism through the action of hormones

a __ forms when an acid reacts with a base

salt

nutritional standards, such as the RDAs, are not

the basis for developing AIs

cardiovascular system

transports nutrients, waste, gases, and hormones throughout the body

quackery

using a copper bracelet to treat arthritis is an example of ___

experiments using whole, living organisms are classified as in ____, whereas "test tube" experiments are classified as in ___.

vivo, vitro

cytoplasm

watery fluid that surrounds nucleus

dietary supplements are also referred to as

nutraceuticals

The Dietary Guidelines for Americans were designed to promote good health while reducing the number of ___ diseases

nutrient

RDA

nutrient intake recommendation set to meet the needs of nearly all individuals of a given age and gender nutrient recommendation backed by extensive research

AL

nutrient intake recommendation set when research is not sufficient to determine RDA estimated from average daily nutrient intake from populations studies

lumen

open space inside a structure

nucleus

organization and expression of DNA

the acidic environment of the stomach is beneficial in

partially digesting protein activating some digestive enzymes killing disease causing microorganisms

which of the following are true facts about the percentages of Daily Values when applied to the Nutrition Facts food label?

people requiring more or less than 2000-kcal must make the necessary adjustments they are based on a 2000-kcal diet the 2000-kcal diet allows easy comparison among similar foods

who are the subjects in a case-control study

persons without the disease under investigation persons with the disease or condition under investigation

veggies

phytochemicals, fiber, beta-carotene

A person's ___ is not a major influence for his or her food selection practices

political beliefs

water-soluble nutrients are absorbed in the

portal vien

soybeans, berries, garlic, barley, kale, and legumes are rich sources of

prebiotics

pancreas

produce and secrete the majority of digestive enzymes

liver

produce and secretes bile

ribosome

protein synthesis occurs here

protein rich

protein, iron, zinc

diary

protein, phosphorus, and riboflavin

the amount of a nutrient that should meet the needs of almost all healthy people in particular group is the

recommended dietary allowance

the endocrine system includes

regulation of metabolism the thyroid gland and fat cells the workings of hormones

gallbladder

release bile into duodenum

lymphatic system

removes foreign substances from the blood and acids in fat absorption

function of pancreas

secretes bicarbonate ions to neutralize HCl

ringlike muscular contractions followed by relaxations that are designed to help to mix the chyme in the small intestine are

segmentation

the Supplement Facts label must include

serving size %DV of each nutrient manufacturer's contact info

mitochondrion

site of atp synthesis

almost all of the macronutrients are digested and absorbed in the

small intestine

Tolerable Upper Limit

standard representing the highest average amount of a nutrient that's unlikely to be harmful when consumed daily

Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs)

standards for planning nutritious diets for groups of people

amylase is the enzyme needed to digest

starch

chyme is formed in the

stomach

Which is not required on the Supplement Facts label?

structure-function claim

the "meat-and-potatoes" diet is common in

the UK Scandinavia Germany

enrichment

the addition of iron and B vitamins to cereals

the general requirements that must be met before a health claim can be made for a food product include:

the claim may describe the relationship between the product and disease the food must be a good source of fiber, protein, vitamin A, calcium, or iron

Dietary analysis software programs and website can be quick and easy tools for determining:

the energy and nutrient content in foods

epidemiology is the study of several characteristics of health problems in populations including:

their occurrence and their distribution

what is the main reason food manufacturers make nutrition claims on food products

they are used as a marketing tool directed toward the health-conscious consumers

Biotechnology involves the use of living things to improve manufactured products

true

ingredients are listed on the Nutrition facts label in descending order by

weight

Hindu

beef is forbidden; alcohol avoided; fasting encouraged

the main function of ___ is to emulsify fat, thus assisting in fat digestion

bile

A person's ___ is not a major influence for his or her food selection practices

blood type

Mormon

caffeinated and alcoholic beverages prohibited

Generally, epidemiological studies

cannot determining cause-and-effect relationships

according to the MyPlate plan, which of the following foods is grouped with dairy products?

cheese

alternative health care examples

chiropractic manipulation homeopathy and naturopathy massage therapy

which of the following foods is the most energy dense per serving?

chocolate chip cookie

Which of the following groups of Americans is most at risk of undernutrition?

chronic alcoholics

___ and ___ includes a variety of practices and products that are not accepted by the majority of physicians.

complementary and alternative care

in vitro experiments must be interpreted carefully because

components removed from a living thing may not function the same way they do when they are in the entire life form

The Exchange System was originally developed to assist those with ____

diabetes

Which of the following conditions or diseases is a leading diet-related cause of death in the US?

diabetes

___ calorie foods are one that are high in solid fats and/or added sugar

empty

A way to reduce calorie intake is to eat smaller amounts of food included in the ___-____ allowance or to eliminate them altogether

empty-calorie

An aspect of ______ involves studying causes of health problems in a population.

epidemiology

EER

estimation of calorie needs based on gender, age, height, weight, and physical activity level

which of the following studies involve human subjects?

experimental studies and observational studies

islam

fasting from all food and drink during Ramadan

the government agency that enforces consumer protection laws by investigating false or misleading health-related claims is the _____

federal trade commission (FTC)

typically, nutrients that can be analyzed by Dietary Analysis Software include

fiber macronutrients several micronutrients

which of the following are the major professional divisions for registered dietitians?

food service systems management community nutrition clinical dietetics

___ has blood-thinning effects similar to aspirin

ginseng garlic vitamin E

which of the following foods would be classified as a source of empty calories by MyPlate?

grape jelly

the circulation of nutrients to the liver is via the

hepatic portal vien

UL

highest amount of daily nutrient intakes unlikely to cause adverse health effects nutrient with known toxicity levels or adverse effects

a ___ is a possible explanation for an observation that guides scientific research

hypothesis

when a population's intake of fruit consumption increases and the same population's percentage of people with hypertension decreases, this is a ___ correlation

inverse

which of the following are true statements about pseudoscience

it does not adhere to valid scientific methodology it uses vague or unprovable claims it is a presentation of inaccurate information

which of the following herbal supplements are considered toxic or cancer-causing?

kava sassafras comfrey

which are examples of food/drug interactions?

kava acting as a sedative ginseng increasing bleeding

filtering the blood is a function of which organ

kidney

the __, body fat, and bones are major storage sites for vitamin D and most minerals

liver

the circulatory and ___ system are responsible for circulating fluids throughout the body

lymphatic

the kidneys and lungs work cooperatively to

maintain acid-base balance

the role of beneficial bacteria in the large intestine is to

make vitamin K and biotin metabolize undigested food

the mixing of food by muscular contractions is

mechanical digestion

which of the following substances would be classified as a dietary supplement according to the Dietary Supplement and Health Education Act of 1994?

melatonin

According to Jewish dietary laws, meat and poultry products must be kept separate from

milk products

the absorptive cells of the villus

move nutrients from chyme into lacteals move nutrients from chyme into intestinal blood

which system of the body produces heat to help maintain normal body temp

muscular system

The purpose and framework of the Exchange System includes which of the following?

This tool categorizes foods into carbs, meat, and fats the tool provides a manageable framework, especially for treatment of diabetes the tool provides a manageable framework for designing diets

diarrhea is most often caused by

bacterial infections and viral infections

A team of scientists conducts a survey of 1000 people who are between 60 and 75 years of age to determine whether their past consumption of seafood may have influenced their current state of health. This study is an example of ____

a retrospective study

the dietary guidelines for americans is

a set of general nutrition-related recommendations

which of the following statements is true

according to MyPlate, the 5 food groups are fruits, veggies, grains, dairy, and protein foods

According to the main nutrition-related goal of Healthy People 2020, Americans should_

achieve and maintain a healthy body weight

an ____ loses hydrogen ions when dissolved in water, whereas a ___ accepts hydrogen ions when dissolved in water

acid; base

the normal pH of blood is slightly

alkaline

which of the following questions should be asked when evaluating nutrition information

are the authors trying to sell me something? who sponsored the research? is the information from an article in a peer-reviewed journal?