DHN 101 Exam 1
Dave's height is 72 inches. What is his approximate height in centimeters?
183 c
sodium intake should be limited to less than ___ per day
2300 mg
to be labeled as "reduced", the product contains ___% less of the nutrient or calories found in the product
25
following the MyPlate recommendations, the 2000kcal diet is allowed approximately ___ empty calories
260
the EAR should meet the needs of __ % of healthy people in a particular life stage/gender group
50
Sweet potatoes, black-eyed peas, and "greens" are traditional foods with
African heritage
the ___ is the federal agency that tries to ensure the safety and effectiveness of health-related products
FDA
_____ depicts the key elements of a healthy diet
MyPlate
fortification
The addition of nutrients that are not naturally present
The DRI used to establish maximum safe levels of nutrient intake is the ____
Tolerable Upper Intake Level
Belle is pregnant and has two young children. She is having difficulty supporting her family on an income of $18,000/year. Recently, she was diagnosed with high blood pressure and iron deficiency. Based on this information, Belle should enroll in the _____ program.
WIC
a testimonial is
a personal endorsement of a product
a diet is likely to be safe and nutritionally adequate if
average daily intakes for nutrients meet RDA or AI values
the participants in an experiment who are not given the treatment being tested are
control group
daily values are
dietary standards developed for food-labeling purposes
pellagra
disease that was widespread in the us during the early 1900s
order of the small intestine
duodenum jejunum illeum
liver
makes cholesterol manufactures bile
Buddhist
meat is avoided; vegetarianism is encouraged
Since the Pima Indians have adopted a more "Western" diet, obesity and type 2 diabetes are
more common
waves of muscular contractions that propel food along the gastrointestinal tract are
peristalisis
fruits
physochemicals, potassium, vitamin c
pseudoscience
presentation of information masquerading as factual and obtained by scientific methods
salivary glands
produce and secrete salivary amylase
the Framingham Heart Study is a well-known ___ study
prospective
fruit is generally a good source of all of the following substances, except
protein
endocrine system
regulates metabolism through the action of hormones
a __ forms when an acid reacts with a base
salt
nutritional standards, such as the RDAs, are not
the basis for developing AIs
cardiovascular system
transports nutrients, waste, gases, and hormones throughout the body
quackery
using a copper bracelet to treat arthritis is an example of ___
experiments using whole, living organisms are classified as in ____, whereas "test tube" experiments are classified as in ___.
vivo, vitro
cytoplasm
watery fluid that surrounds nucleus
dietary supplements are also referred to as
nutraceuticals
The Dietary Guidelines for Americans were designed to promote good health while reducing the number of ___ diseases
nutrient
RDA
nutrient intake recommendation set to meet the needs of nearly all individuals of a given age and gender nutrient recommendation backed by extensive research
AL
nutrient intake recommendation set when research is not sufficient to determine RDA estimated from average daily nutrient intake from populations studies
lumen
open space inside a structure
nucleus
organization and expression of DNA
the acidic environment of the stomach is beneficial in
partially digesting protein activating some digestive enzymes killing disease causing microorganisms
which of the following are true facts about the percentages of Daily Values when applied to the Nutrition Facts food label?
people requiring more or less than 2000-kcal must make the necessary adjustments they are based on a 2000-kcal diet the 2000-kcal diet allows easy comparison among similar foods
who are the subjects in a case-control study
persons without the disease under investigation persons with the disease or condition under investigation
veggies
phytochemicals, fiber, beta-carotene
A person's ___ is not a major influence for his or her food selection practices
political beliefs
water-soluble nutrients are absorbed in the
portal vien
soybeans, berries, garlic, barley, kale, and legumes are rich sources of
prebiotics
pancreas
produce and secrete the majority of digestive enzymes
liver
produce and secretes bile
ribosome
protein synthesis occurs here
protein rich
protein, iron, zinc
diary
protein, phosphorus, and riboflavin
the amount of a nutrient that should meet the needs of almost all healthy people in particular group is the
recommended dietary allowance
the endocrine system includes
regulation of metabolism the thyroid gland and fat cells the workings of hormones
gallbladder
release bile into duodenum
lymphatic system
removes foreign substances from the blood and acids in fat absorption
function of pancreas
secretes bicarbonate ions to neutralize HCl
ringlike muscular contractions followed by relaxations that are designed to help to mix the chyme in the small intestine are
segmentation
the Supplement Facts label must include
serving size %DV of each nutrient manufacturer's contact info
mitochondrion
site of atp synthesis
almost all of the macronutrients are digested and absorbed in the
small intestine
Tolerable Upper Limit
standard representing the highest average amount of a nutrient that's unlikely to be harmful when consumed daily
Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs)
standards for planning nutritious diets for groups of people
amylase is the enzyme needed to digest
starch
chyme is formed in the
stomach
Which is not required on the Supplement Facts label?
structure-function claim
the "meat-and-potatoes" diet is common in
the UK Scandinavia Germany
enrichment
the addition of iron and B vitamins to cereals
the general requirements that must be met before a health claim can be made for a food product include:
the claim may describe the relationship between the product and disease the food must be a good source of fiber, protein, vitamin A, calcium, or iron
Dietary analysis software programs and website can be quick and easy tools for determining:
the energy and nutrient content in foods
epidemiology is the study of several characteristics of health problems in populations including:
their occurrence and their distribution
what is the main reason food manufacturers make nutrition claims on food products
they are used as a marketing tool directed toward the health-conscious consumers
Biotechnology involves the use of living things to improve manufactured products
true
ingredients are listed on the Nutrition facts label in descending order by
weight
Hindu
beef is forbidden; alcohol avoided; fasting encouraged
the main function of ___ is to emulsify fat, thus assisting in fat digestion
bile
A person's ___ is not a major influence for his or her food selection practices
blood type
Mormon
caffeinated and alcoholic beverages prohibited
Generally, epidemiological studies
cannot determining cause-and-effect relationships
according to the MyPlate plan, which of the following foods is grouped with dairy products?
cheese
alternative health care examples
chiropractic manipulation homeopathy and naturopathy massage therapy
which of the following foods is the most energy dense per serving?
chocolate chip cookie
Which of the following groups of Americans is most at risk of undernutrition?
chronic alcoholics
___ and ___ includes a variety of practices and products that are not accepted by the majority of physicians.
complementary and alternative care
in vitro experiments must be interpreted carefully because
components removed from a living thing may not function the same way they do when they are in the entire life form
The Exchange System was originally developed to assist those with ____
diabetes
Which of the following conditions or diseases is a leading diet-related cause of death in the US?
diabetes
___ calorie foods are one that are high in solid fats and/or added sugar
empty
A way to reduce calorie intake is to eat smaller amounts of food included in the ___-____ allowance or to eliminate them altogether
empty-calorie
An aspect of ______ involves studying causes of health problems in a population.
epidemiology
EER
estimation of calorie needs based on gender, age, height, weight, and physical activity level
which of the following studies involve human subjects?
experimental studies and observational studies
islam
fasting from all food and drink during Ramadan
the government agency that enforces consumer protection laws by investigating false or misleading health-related claims is the _____
federal trade commission (FTC)
typically, nutrients that can be analyzed by Dietary Analysis Software include
fiber macronutrients several micronutrients
which of the following are the major professional divisions for registered dietitians?
food service systems management community nutrition clinical dietetics
___ has blood-thinning effects similar to aspirin
ginseng garlic vitamin E
which of the following foods would be classified as a source of empty calories by MyPlate?
grape jelly
the circulation of nutrients to the liver is via the
hepatic portal vien
UL
highest amount of daily nutrient intakes unlikely to cause adverse health effects nutrient with known toxicity levels or adverse effects
a ___ is a possible explanation for an observation that guides scientific research
hypothesis
when a population's intake of fruit consumption increases and the same population's percentage of people with hypertension decreases, this is a ___ correlation
inverse
which of the following are true statements about pseudoscience
it does not adhere to valid scientific methodology it uses vague or unprovable claims it is a presentation of inaccurate information
which of the following herbal supplements are considered toxic or cancer-causing?
kava sassafras comfrey
which are examples of food/drug interactions?
kava acting as a sedative ginseng increasing bleeding
filtering the blood is a function of which organ
kidney
the __, body fat, and bones are major storage sites for vitamin D and most minerals
liver
the circulatory and ___ system are responsible for circulating fluids throughout the body
lymphatic
the kidneys and lungs work cooperatively to
maintain acid-base balance
the role of beneficial bacteria in the large intestine is to
make vitamin K and biotin metabolize undigested food
the mixing of food by muscular contractions is
mechanical digestion
which of the following substances would be classified as a dietary supplement according to the Dietary Supplement and Health Education Act of 1994?
melatonin
According to Jewish dietary laws, meat and poultry products must be kept separate from
milk products
the absorptive cells of the villus
move nutrients from chyme into lacteals move nutrients from chyme into intestinal blood
which system of the body produces heat to help maintain normal body temp
muscular system
The purpose and framework of the Exchange System includes which of the following?
This tool categorizes foods into carbs, meat, and fats the tool provides a manageable framework, especially for treatment of diabetes the tool provides a manageable framework for designing diets
diarrhea is most often caused by
bacterial infections and viral infections
A team of scientists conducts a survey of 1000 people who are between 60 and 75 years of age to determine whether their past consumption of seafood may have influenced their current state of health. This study is an example of ____
a retrospective study
the dietary guidelines for americans is
a set of general nutrition-related recommendations
which of the following statements is true
according to MyPlate, the 5 food groups are fruits, veggies, grains, dairy, and protein foods
According to the main nutrition-related goal of Healthy People 2020, Americans should_
achieve and maintain a healthy body weight
an ____ loses hydrogen ions when dissolved in water, whereas a ___ accepts hydrogen ions when dissolved in water
acid; base
the normal pH of blood is slightly
alkaline
which of the following questions should be asked when evaluating nutrition information
are the authors trying to sell me something? who sponsored the research? is the information from an article in a peer-reviewed journal?