Diabetes (PART 2)

*type 1 diabetes causes the body's T cells to attack/ destroy ___

beta cells

75% of type 1 diabetes occurs in people younger than ___

18

a positive family history of type 2 diabetes increases the risk ____ times

2-4

in order for a person to be diagnosed with metabolic syndrome, they must have how many symptoms

3 out of the 5

type 2 diabetes most often occurs in people older than...

40---- although more children are becoming diagnosed

type 1 diabetes accounts for about ___ percent of all people with diabetes

5-10%

at the time of diagnosis for onset type 2 diabetes, about ___ to __ percent of beta cells are NOT secreting insulin

50-80

hyperglycemia may go many years without being ____

detected

gestational diabetes develops...

during pregnancy-- doesn't mean you will have diabetes for life

type 2 diabetes is caused by ____ interaction

genetic-environmental

type 2 diabetes also includes ___ and ___ diabetes

gestational and pre-

the onset of type 2 diabetes is ____

gradual

____ plays a big role in developing type 2 diabetes

heredity

diabetes is characterized by ___

hyperglycemia

in type 1 diabetes, the pancreas "sees" too much glucose in the blood, but is not able to release insulin. This results in ____

hyperglycemia

*type 1 diabetes results in not enough ___ to survive

insulin

diabetes can result from abnormal ___ production or impaired ____ utilization, or both

insulin

type 2 diabetes is characterized by insulin resistance and decreased.....

insulin secretion by beta cells

type 2 diabetes is due to an insufficient amount of...

insulin secretion or poor utilization of the insulin being secreted

*in type 1 diabetes, the body develops antibodies against ___ and/or ____

insulin; pancreatic beta cells

type 2 is when the pancreas does not make enough ___, and the body is ___ to its own insulin

insulin; resistant

in type 2 diabetes, patient is usually "central" obesity which means they have ____ fat

intraabdominal (fat around major organs- apple shaped figure)

*the two biggest risk factors for type 2 diabetes are ___ and ___

obesity; physical inactivity

in type 1 diabetes, the cells are receiving no glucose, so they are "starving" which is the reason for ___

polyphagia

what are the 3 CLASSIC signs of type 1 diabetes

polyuria, polydipsia, and polyphagia

*type 2 diabetes is a __ disorder

progressive

in type 1 diabetes, when a person's beta cells can no longer produce insulin, the onset of symptoms will be ___

rapid

type 2 diabetes happens ___ over time in comparison to type 1

slowly

during type 2 diabetes, the pancreas "sees" there is excess glucose in the blood, but is only able to release a _____ of insulin in order for some glucose to enter the cells, and use it for energy

small amount

type 2 diabetes: insulin resistance is a _____ of insulin-sensitive tissues

suboptimal response

diet during pregnancy may increase long term risk for child to inherit...

type 2 diabetes

metabolic syndrome increases the risk for...

type 2 diabetes

the specific cause of type 2 diabetes is ____

unknown

*which 5 cultures have a high incidence of type 2 diabetes

-Hispanics -Native Americans -African Americans -Asians -Pacific Islanders

risk factors for type 2 diabetes include: (6 of them)

-family history -age -obesity -hypertension -poor diet -physical inactivity

symptoms of type 2 diabetes include: (4 of them)

-fatigue -recurrent infection/poor wound healing -recurrent vaginal yeast infections -visual changes

other signs and symptoms of type 1 diabetes... (7 of them)

-insulin dependent -family history -weight loss -fatigue -increased vaginal infections -rapid onset -peak incidence from 10 to 15 years

metabolic syndrome can lead to complications such as... (3 of them)

-type 2 diabetes -heart disease -stroke

what are the 5 symptoms of metabolic syndrome

1. abdominal obesity 2. high glucose levels 3. high blood pressure 4. high levels of triglycerides (fats) 5. decreased levels of HDLs (healthy cholesterols) -patient must have 3/5 of these

type 1 diabetes is when there is an ___ insulin deficiency, along with an autoimmune destruction of ___ cells

absolute; beta

*type 1 diabetes: the negative caloric balance, which results form the glucosuria and tissue catabolism, leads to an increase in ___ and ___

appetite and food intake

type 1 diabetes is an __ disorder

autoimmune

___ can have a strong influence on dietary preference and meal prep

culture

type 1 diabetes was formerly known as ____ or ____

juvenile-onset diabetes or insulin dependent diabetes

onset of type 2 diabetes is often discovered with routine...

laboratory testing

the islet cell auto-antibodies that destroy the beta cells may be present for ____ to ___ before..

months to years; onset of symptoms

insulin sensitive tissues include the ___,___, and ____

muscle; liver; adipose tissue

symptoms for type 2 diabetes are often ____

non-specific