Digestive study guide
Adult humans have the dental formula 2 1 2 3 over 2 1 2 3, the second 2 in both sets of numbers represent the A) premolars B) incisors C) cuspids D) canines E) molars
A
The presence of food in the stomach increases the pH and triggers the release of a hormone that stimulates contraction of the gastric smooth muscle and relaxation of the pyloric sphincter. Specifically, these specific events release of: A) CCK in the intestinal phase of digestion B) gastric in the gastric phase of digestion C) chyle in the secretory phase of digestion D) secretin in the cephalic phase of digestion E) lipase in the intestinal phase of digestion
B
Which of the following is not normally found in saliva A) Amylase B) Protease C) Lysozyme D) Lipase E) Mucus
B
If digestion of a carbohydrate results in equal amounts of glucose and galactose, this carbohydrate is probably
Lactose
Which organ is not a part of the gastrointestinal tract?
Liver
Soluble fiber is a pair of a healthy diet because
Lowers blood cholesterol levels
The organ that produces enzymes capable of digesting and the macromolecule classes is the
Pancreas
The Vitamin that is part of the coenzymes FAD and FMN is
Riboflavin
Pepsinogen is produced by __________ and is activated by __________, which is secreted by __________.
chief cells; hydrochloric acid (HCl); parietal cells
Most of the NADH is produced in
citric acid cycle
Liver damage would most affect the digestion of
lipids
Carbohydrate digestion begins in the ____, whereas protein digestion begins in the ___
mouth and stomach
In response to the hormone cholecystokinin, the pancreas secretes a fluid
rich in enzymes
Which of the following is not a function of saliva A) forms part of the acid mantle B) digestion of maltose C) mechanical digestion D) release of anti-bodies E) digestion of triglycerides
B
Glycolysis is best defined as the
conversion of glucose into two molecules of pyruvic acid
Glucose is stored as the carbohydrate ____ in the liver and skeletal muscle
glycogen
Transport of lipid soluble nutrients throughout the body relies on
Chylomicrons moving into the lacteals
Enzymes secreted by the pancreas include: A) trypsin (trypsinogen) B) amylase C) Maltase D) A and B only E) A, B, and C
D
Gastrin secretion Leads to all of the following except A) increased pepsinogen B) increased gastric motility C) increased HCl D) relaxation of the cardiac sphincter E) relaxation of the pyloric sphincter
D
Which of the following nutrients is absorbed by the lacteals of the small intestine A) glucose B) water-soluble vitamins C) minerals D) triglycerides E) amino acids
D
Absorption of glucose from the gut lumen depends on A) cotransporter, proteins in the apical membrane of the epithelial cell B) higher sodium ion concentration in the lumen than in the epithelial cell C) the sodium-potassium pump in the basolateral membrane of the epithelial cell D) A and B only E) A, B, and C
E
In the electron transport chain A) coenzymes receive hydrogen atoms from NADH and FADH2 B) oxidized molecules gain energy at the expense of reduced molecules C) oxidative phosphorylation takes place and ATP is formed D) all of the above E) A and C only
E) A and C only
Lipase digests
Triglycerides
Which vitamin requires intrinsic factor in order to be absorbed?
Vitamin B12
Due to a lack of carbonic anhydrase in her parietal cells, Renee produces very little HCl in the stomach, this would most effect the absorption of _____ in the small intestine
dipeptides
Lactose intolerant individuals cannot digest the ___ lactose because they lack the enzyme ____
disaccharide; lactase
Bile is stored in the:
gallbladder
The absorption of dipeptides in the small intestine involves
secondary active symport with H+.
A sodium bicarbonate solution is secreted in response to a hormone called ____
secretin
The lining of the gastrointestinal tract that allows for absorption and secretion is
simple columnar epithelium
Amylase from saliva digests
starch