Digestive study guide

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Adult humans have the dental formula 2 1 2 3 over 2 1 2 3, the second 2 in both sets of numbers represent the A) premolars B) incisors C) cuspids D) canines E) molars

A

The presence of food in the stomach increases the pH and triggers the release of a hormone that stimulates contraction of the gastric smooth muscle and relaxation of the pyloric sphincter. Specifically, these specific events release of: A) CCK in the intestinal phase of digestion B) gastric in the gastric phase of digestion C) chyle in the secretory phase of digestion D) secretin in the cephalic phase of digestion E) lipase in the intestinal phase of digestion

B

Which of the following is not normally found in saliva A) Amylase B) Protease C) Lysozyme D) Lipase E) Mucus

B

If digestion of a carbohydrate results in equal amounts of glucose and galactose, this carbohydrate is probably

Lactose

Which organ is not a part of the gastrointestinal tract?

Liver

Soluble fiber is a pair of a healthy diet because

Lowers blood cholesterol levels

The organ that produces enzymes capable of digesting and the macromolecule classes is the

Pancreas

The Vitamin that is part of the coenzymes FAD and FMN is

Riboflavin

Pepsinogen is produced by __________ and is activated by __________, which is secreted by __________.

chief cells; hydrochloric acid (HCl); parietal cells

Most of the NADH is produced in

citric acid cycle

Liver damage would most affect the digestion of

lipids

Carbohydrate digestion begins in the ____, whereas protein digestion begins in the ___

mouth and stomach

In response to the hormone cholecystokinin, the pancreas secretes a fluid

rich in enzymes

Which of the following is not a function of saliva A) forms part of the acid mantle B) digestion of maltose C) mechanical digestion D) release of anti-bodies E) digestion of triglycerides

B

Glycolysis is best defined as the

conversion of glucose into two molecules of pyruvic acid

Glucose is stored as the carbohydrate ____ in the liver and skeletal muscle

glycogen

Transport of lipid soluble nutrients throughout the body relies on

Chylomicrons moving into the lacteals

Enzymes secreted by the pancreas include: A) trypsin (trypsinogen) B) amylase C) Maltase D) A and B only E) A, B, and C

D

Gastrin secretion Leads to all of the following except A) increased pepsinogen B) increased gastric motility C) increased HCl D) relaxation of the cardiac sphincter E) relaxation of the pyloric sphincter

D

Which of the following nutrients is absorbed by the lacteals of the small intestine A) glucose B) water-soluble vitamins C) minerals D) triglycerides E) amino acids

D

Absorption of glucose from the gut lumen depends on A) cotransporter, proteins in the apical membrane of the epithelial cell B) higher sodium ion concentration in the lumen than in the epithelial cell C) the sodium-potassium pump in the basolateral membrane of the epithelial cell D) A and B only E) A, B, and C

E

In the electron transport chain A) coenzymes receive hydrogen atoms from NADH and FADH2 B) oxidized molecules gain energy at the expense of reduced molecules C) oxidative phosphorylation takes place and ATP is formed D) all of the above E) A and C only

E) A and C only

Lipase digests

Triglycerides

Which vitamin requires intrinsic factor in order to be absorbed?

Vitamin B12

Due to a lack of carbonic anhydrase in her parietal cells, Renee produces very little HCl in the stomach, this would most effect the absorption of _____ in the small intestine

dipeptides

Lactose intolerant individuals cannot digest the ___ lactose because they lack the enzyme ____

disaccharide; lactase

Bile is stored in the:

gallbladder

The absorption of dipeptides in the small intestine involves

secondary active symport with H+.

A sodium bicarbonate solution is secreted in response to a hormone called ____

secretin

The lining of the gastrointestinal tract that allows for absorption and secretion is

simple columnar epithelium

Amylase from saliva digests

starch


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