Disasters and Failures - Final Exam

Look at quiz #4 for graphs on:

-combined gas law -Turbojet engine

How long ago did the Big Bang create our universe?

14 billion years ago

How many galaxies does the observable universe have?

2 trillion -additional 2.7 in future -only see 1.4%

X-ray mapping using a computer controlled low-power X-ray device that can be moved around the patient to scan an area of interest

Computerized Axial Tomography (CAT) scan

traditional method of targeting a beam of x-rays at a tumor; non-invasive

External Beam Therapy (EBT)

True or False: Airplane cabins need to be de-pressurized to avoid too much oxygen entering the body and health concerns.

False

True or False: Buzz Aldrin was the first astronaut to step foot on the moon during the Apollo 13 Mission in July 1969

False

True or False: Calculating burnout velocity is simple because the rocket's mass is constant.

False

True or False: Escape velocity is the speed required by a rocket to be able to orbit the Earth

False

True or False: Rockets enter into a free flight stage when fuel is used to thrust engines forward.

False

True or False: Satellites in the Low-Earth Orbit (LEO) appear to be stationary over a fixed position, but follow the rotation of the Earth

False

True or False: Solid fuel rockets are advantageous because they allow the engines to be turned on and off along with the ability to control thrust

False

True or False: The ISS experience zero gravity conditions

False

True or False: Tylenol was introduced as a safe alternative to heroin in the late 19th century.

False

True or False: Voltage is the uniform flow of electrons through a circuit.

False

True or False: With larger standards of deviations, you can assume your data set is precise.

False

sates that the energy concentration needed to build things like hand-held laser weapons may not be possible

General Physics

calculates distance a galaxy is from us

Hubble's Law

used magnetism and non-ionizing radiation to map possible damage to soft tissue in a patient

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)

sates that information can only be stored above the atomic level

Quantum Mechanics

calculates how fast a galaxy is moving away from us

Red-Shift

you can not go faster than the speed of light in a vacuum

Special Theory of Relativity

True or False: A rocket will fly off into space instead of remaining in orbit when its momentum exceeds the Earth's gravitational pull.

True

True or False: Amphetamines were used by combat soldiers and pilots during WWII

True

True or False: An example of Newtons 3rd Law is when hot exhaust exits the turbojet engine at high velocity, thrusting the airplane forward.

True

True or False: Heroin was the first wide-spread drug to be sold as an OTC pain-relief medication

True

True or False: It is presently not possible to send our trash to the sun.

True

True or False: Microgravity depends on the balance between momentum of the ISS and the Earth's gravitY.

True

True or False: Momentum is an object in constant motion moving in a straight line

True

True or False: The Therac-25 was designed to be solely computer based.

True

True or False: because of expansion with time, light from MOST of the universe has not had enough time to reach us, but will as time goes on

True

True or False: Our universe is expanding at an accelerated rate over time

True -much because of dark energy -causes universes to be moving away from each other -object farther away are moving faster that closer objects

The Quebec bridge is an example of a: a. Cantilever bridge b. truss bridge c. cable-stayed bridge d. arch bridge e. suspension bridge

a. Cantilever bridge

The "enemy" of the Power Grid causing Puerto Ricans to go months without electricity was: a. Hurricane Maria b. De-regulation of power companies c. Cyber Attacks d. Negligence to the power plant operators e. Geomagnetic storms

a. Hurricane Maria

During which phase in Human Clinical Trials is the drug tested on healthy volunteers to investigate ADME and possible side effects? a. Phase 1 b. Phase 2 c. Phase 3 d. Phase 4

a. Phase 1

Which of the following is NOT true about radioactivity? a. all isotopes are radioactive b. all radionuclides have a specific decay rate, called the "half life" c. ionizing energy is radioactive d. radioactive decay continues until a stable end product is reached e. radionuclides decay into "daughter products"

a. all isotopes are radioactive

Which of the following was NOT a cause/result for the Apollo 1 accident? a. capsule was pressurized with a mixture of nitrogen and oxygen b. the hatch door opened inward instead of outward c. fire killed three crew members within minutes d. the capsule was not equipped with a fire extinguisher

a. capsule was pressurized with a mixture of nitrogen and oxygen

Most of the mass (weight) of a rocket comes from its: a. fuel b. passengers c. fuselage d. engine nozzle e. safety equipment

a. fuel

Which of the following statements is NOT accurate? a. the ISS was finally completed in 2002 b. the ISS is only planned to remain in used until 2020 or possibly 2028 c. one of the issues with the ISS is that the crew is too small to maintain the station and perform science experiments d. the ISS budget has skyrocketed from the original 15 billion to approx. 100 billion dollars

a. the ISS was finally completed in 2002

Which of the following is NOT a concern for astronauts living in space? a. threat of extraterrestrial biological contamination b. protection from space junk c. loss of bone mass d. radiation exposure e. exposure to near-vacuum and frigid conditions

a. threat of extraterrestrial biological contamination

organize and review your data from the experiment to obtain results

analysis

Energy cannot be created nor destroyed, but it can be converted to another form of energy refers to: a. entropy b. 1st Law of Thermodynamics c. 2nd Law of Thermodynamics d. Einstein's Special Theory of Relativity (e-mc^2) e. Strong Nuclear Forced

b. 1st Law of Thermodynamics

Which of the following was NOT a contribution to the "space race" from the former USSR? a. Sputnik - 1st satellite b. 1st lunar landing c. 1st pictures of the moon d. 1st human in space e. 1st space walk (EVA)

b. 1st lunar landing

In 1986, the Space Shuttle carrying a teacher, the 1st non-astronaut to go to space, was destroyed shortly after liftoff: a. Columbia b. Challenger c. Enterprise d. Atlantis e. Discovery f. Endeavor

b. Challenger

Which of the following is NOT part of ADME? a. absorption b. administration c. distribution d. Metabolism e. excretion

b. administration

A drug is NOT: a. prescription or over-the-counter medicine b. food c. used to diagnose, cure, treat, or prevent disease d. substance intended to affect the structure or any function of the body e. sometimes derived from living organisms

b. food

Which of the following statements is NOT true concerning Newton's Laws? a. force is equal to mass times acceleration b. if the distance between two masses is reduced, the force will be weaker c. any object with mass will exert a gravitational pull on every other mass d. you would weigh more on Earth than on the Moon

b. if the distance between two masses is reduced, the force will be weaker

Which of the following is not true about the Low Earth Orbit (LEO)? a. one complete orbit is about 90 minutes b. one complete orbit is about 24 hours c. the ISS resides in LEO d. polar orbits are a subtype of LEO

b. one complete orbit is about 24 hours

When a bridge is being pulled in opposite directions, the force acting on it is: a. compression b. tension c. torsion d. shear

b. tension

What ultimately caused the Tacoma Narrows Bridge to sway as much as it did, and eventually collapse? a. too heavy b. too light c. too long d. too wide

b. too light

Which of the following was NOT a drug-related issues in the passed decade discussed in class? a. getting medications from the internet b. using amphetamines and barbiturates as "Mothers's Little Helpers" c. methyl amphetamine/ephedrine epidemic d. steroid abuse by athletes

b. using amphetamines and barbiturates as "Mothers's Little Helpers"

Based on ADME, metabolism is: a. removal of drug from the body b. transfer of the drug from the bloodstream to the site being treated c. breakdown of the drug after it is in the body c. the drug enters the body

c. breakdown of the drug after it is in the body

Which of the following is NOT true when using Newton's 3rd Law to explain lift? a. the airfoil has a general shape with curvature on the top and flatter edge on the bottom b. air at back edge of the airfoil is deflected downwards which causes the foils to lift upwards c. decreasing the angle of attack will increase the lift force d. increasing the angle of attack will increase the lift force

c. decreasing the angle of attack will increase the lift force

Inclement weather, wind, ice, wave, action, etc. are all examples of the: a. dead load b. live load c. environmental load

c. environmental load

Which of the following is NOT an origin for drugs? a. herbs b. minerals c. human organs d. animals e. microbes

c. human origins

Which of the following statements is NOT true concerning the Fukushima Nuclear Power Plant? a. 9.0 Earthquake and tsunami caused power failure b. power failure shut off cooling system c. radiation poisoning killed more people than the Chernobyl incident d. salt water had to be pumped in to cool the fuel rods

c. radiation poisoning killed more people than the Chernobyl incident

Which of the was NOT an Objective for Project Gemini? a. develop a technique for more advanced space travel b. rendezvous and docking c. testing nuclear weapons in space safely away from Earth d. walking space (EVA)

c. testing nuclear weapons in space safely away from Earth

The difference between Engineering and Science is that engineering is more concerned with: a. applying the Scientific Method to understand a natural phenomenon b. the observation, identification, description, and explanation of a phenomena c. the application of scientific and mathematical principles to practical ends, such as the design, building, and operation of structures and machines d. all of the above

c. the application of scientific and mathematical principles to practical ends, such as the design, building, and operation of structures and machines

determine if the data supports or does not support your hypothesis

conclusions

Systematic errors: a. result in data inaccuracies b. result from some uniform problem in the way the data is collected; malfunctioning instrument c. result from some limitation in the method of data collection d. A and B e. A and C

d. A and B -data inaccuracies -uniform problem in the way date is collected

Project Mercury: a. John Glen was 1st to make US manned orbital flight around Earth b. goals were to orbit a manned spacecraft around Earth and recover the spacecraft safely c. 1st human in space d. A and B are correct e. all of the above are correct

d. A and B are correct -John Glen was 1st to make US manned orbital flight around Earth - goals were to orbit a manned spacecraft around Earth and recover the spacecraft safely

Why is a near-vacuum states (commonly found in space) a safety concern? a. could cause a loss in pressure and drop in temperature on the ISS b. could put a lot of stress on the ISS and its equipment c. life-threatening to the ISS crew d. all of the above

d. all of the above

A piece of radioactive material is inserted in or near the tumor and then removed after the treatment. a. external beam therapy b. Positron Emission Tomography (PET) scan c. microwave ablation d. brachytherapy

d. brachytherapy

Which of the following is NOT true about the NYC Blackout of 1977? a. caused rioting in the street and looting of stores b. caused over 1,000 fires c. almost 3,000 people were arrested d. occurred in winter when people need heat to stay warm e. occurred during the night

d. occurred in winter when people need heat to stay warm

During this phase in Human Clinical trials, a study is conducted after the drug is FDA approved to compare it to similar drugs on the market and monitor long-term effectiveness. a. phase 1 b. phase 2 c. phase 3 d. phase 4

d. phase 4

Which of the following statements is NOT true concerning the ISS? a. in constant free-fall as it orbits the Earth b. used to conduct experiments to determine how humans handle long-term living in space c. used to study Earth from Space d. positioned in LEO that is not protected by Earth's radiation belts

d. positioned in LEO that is not protected by Earth's radiation belts

Which of the following is NOT true about the Tylenol case? a. tylenol capsules were found to be laced with cyanide b. J&J began new protective measures like tamper-proof packaging c. the FDA established tamper-proof guidelines for all manufacturers to follow d. the perpetrator was sentenced to life in prison

d. the perpetrator was sentenced to life in prison

Which of the following is NOT true if the mean, median, and mode of a data set are equal a. you will have a normal distribution (bell curve) b. you have collected enough data c. your sample size is a good representation of the population d. your central tendency is skewed

d. your central tendency is skewed

The Romans are associated with which of the following: a. arches b. Age of Steel c. Age of Stone d. A and B e. A and C

e. A and C -Arches and Age of Stone

The ISS generates power (and back-up-power) using: a. nuclear energy b. solar energy c. fuel cells d. A and B e. B and C

e. B and C -solar energy -fuel cells

Example of converting chemical energy to mechanical energy and heat: a. diesel engine b. coal (other fossil fuel) power generation plants c. all animal consuming food d. A and B e. all of the above

e. all of the above

Orbits: a. a regular, repeating path that an object takes around another one b. dependent on the balance of forces between an object's momentum (inertia) and gravity c. include our path around the sun d. include a rocket's movement around the earth e. all of the above are correct

e. all of the above are correct

What caused the Tay Bridge Disaster? a. the bridge was not designed to withstand the strong Scottish wind b. the iron used was defected and inferior quality c. the bridge was never inspected while in use d. passenger trains went faster than the recommended speed limit e. all of the above were factors

e. all of the above were factors

Which of the following is NOT true concerning the Space Shuttle program? a. The Columbia disaster was caused by a fragment of foam insulation striking the protective heat tiles on the left wing b. the last shuttle mission was in 2011 c. the shuttle program wast the only one to have a reusable manned space vehicle that made multiple flights into orbit d. the shuttle program was the main method of delivering payloads to the ISS before it was terminated e. all these are correct

e. all these are correct

Which of the following is not a route for drug administration? a. injection b. oral c. inhalation d. topical e. electrolysis

e. electrolysis

generate by nuclear fission in stars, such as the sun; also deal with electricity

electromagnetic energy

test your hypothesis using independent, dependent, and controlled variables

experimentation

True of False: After its recall, Allegra, a popular antihistamine was reformulated and sold as Seldane

false

True or False: Alpha Particles are the most dangerous type of ionizing radiation because they can penetrate the human body

false

True or False: Fen-Phen, prescribed to patients for obesity, was recalled when consumers experienced kidney failure

false

True or False: The ISS and its crew are protected from Space Junk by the Earth's radiation belts

false

True or False: Vioxx was prescribed as a preventative to patients with high risk of heart diseases and stroke

false

a testable, tentative explanation of the observed phenomena

formulate hypothesis

make observations, conduct literature, search, etc.

gather information

the observation of phenomenon you wish to study

identify the problem

narrow beam of light that can be focused on an area of a patient; normally used for highly detailed surgery

lasers

inside the atom; get it by modifying the makeup of the atom

nuclear energy

How was Einstein wrong?

they Earth is ever expanding so the dark space/empty/nothing travels at or faster than the speed of light

True of False: anything with mass can never travel faster or at the speed of light

true

True or False Therac-25 failed when a glitch in the system gave Ray Cox, three doses of a direct high current x-ray beam, more than 125 times his usual dose

true

True or False: In West Germany, Thalidomide was given to pregnant women to alleviate morning sickness, which caused many children to be born with malformation of the limbs ("seal limbs").

true

True or False: Our universe has NO center.

true

True or False: The main objective of Project Apollo was to land on the Moon.

true

uses sound waves to map the part if a patient in question, ex. prenatal care

ultrasound

inside of all matter; heat

thermal energy

True or False: Burnout Velocity is based on how long a rocket can keep accelerating until fuel runs out

true

True or False: Geomagnetic storms from the Sun can damage satellites, the power grid, and other technologies.

true

True or False: In a simple beam bridge, the top of the deck is being compressed and the bottom of the deck is in tension

true

True or False: In failure analysis, isolating and investigating the exact reason for the failure must occur before implementing a solution to help it from happening again

true

True or False: Isotopes are elements that have the same number of protons but vary in the number of neurons.

true

True or False: Radiation Treatments work by preventing cancer cells from growing and dividing, causing them to die

true

True or False: Regarding Newton's 2nd Law, gravity can be substituted into the equation as a specific type of acceleration.

true

True or False: When resistance increases, the current through the wire will increase.

False

True or False: As a result of the Three Mile Island, millions of people were exposed to very high levels of radiation.

False

True or False: Electricity can still flow within an open circuit as long as the voltage is high enough.

False

True or False: Lighter than air crafts require fuel to both move and stay in the air.

False

True or False: Only energy conversions in nature (not man made) are 100% efficient.

False

True or False: The North American Blackout of 2003 started in Ontario, Canada and caused a chain reaction with more than 100 power plants going off-line in the Eastern US and Canada.

False

True or False: The effects of gravity on an airplane can be reduced by using larger engines to generate new lift.

False

True or False: By using pressure in a PWR system, hot water is not condensed into steam and contaminated like the BWR system.

True

True or False: Coolant is necessary in a nuclear reactor to remove heat from the core (fuel rods).

True

True or False: Drag is the resistance force to the movement of the airplane because of friction between the airplane and the atmosphere.

True

True or False: In the early 1990s, de-regulation of of power companies allowed power producers to compete for the sale of electricity to utility companies and provided more choices to individual consumers.

True

True or False: The two states of energy are potential and kinetic

True

True or False: When voltage increases, the current through the wire will increase.

True

A type of ionizing radiation released from the nucleus (2N and 2P) during radioactive decay of elements. a. alpha particle b.beta particle c. x-ray d. Gamma ray

a. alpha particle

Which of the following statements is NOT true concerning the Chernobyl incident? a. although hydrogen gas was produced in the reactor, the containment block kept it from reacting with outside air, preventing an explosion b. Chernobyl decided to run a test, but a power surge caused the reactor to become unstable c. the consequences of the incident can still be felt today d. the people in the are were not immediately told of the radiation dangers when the incident happened

a. although hydrogen gas was produced in the reactor, the containment block kept it from reacting with outside air, preventing an explosion

Nuclear Fusion: a. combining of atoms to create power b. process utilized in power plants c. commonly uses U-235 as the fuel source d. most commonly used in Eastern US e. all of these are true

a. combining of atoms to create power

After transmission lines carry high voltage electricity over long distances, what is the next step in the Power Grid Model? a. electricity is sent to substations where the voltage is reduced (step down) before going to the distribution companies b. electricity is sent to substations where the voltage is increased (step up) before going to distribution companies c. electricity is routed through power lines to the end users in the community d. electricity is sent to substations where the voltage is increased (step up) before being carried to industrial buildings and factories e. left-over electricity is sent back to the power plant

a. electricity is sent to substations where the voltage is reduced (step down) before going to the distribution companies

Which experimental variable is airspeed? (X-AXIS) a. independent b. dependent c. controlled

a. independent

Which of the following is NOT true of bird strikes? a. most common at higher, cruising altitudes b. birds get pulled into engines with the intake of air c. its better to allow birds to go through the engine than use a screen to keep them out d. bird strikes are inevitable, but precautions to reduce them can be taken

a. most common at higher, cruising altitudes

Which of the following is not true about transformers? a. one coil of wire is wrapped around an iron core to create self-inductance b. two or more coils of wire are wrapped around the same iron core to create mutual inductance c. requires changing magnetic field to cause fluctuations in the voltage and current d. used to step up or step down the voltage in power lines of the power grid

a. one coil of wire is wrapped around an iron core to create self-inductance

Probability is: a. the likelihood that a specific event will occur b. when all three central tendency measurements are equal c. the percent of errors in an experiment that are truly random d. the percent chance that you will obtain the same results between similar open and closed systems

a. the likelihood that a specific event will occur

Which of the following NOT true of Entropy and the 2nd Law of Thermodynamics? a. the total entropy of the universe is continually decreasing b. the total entropy of the universe is continually increasing c. energy inevitably moved to a less and less concentrated condition until reaching equilibrium d. less concentrated energy is less useful for work e. using any energy source will move some energy outward, increasing entropy

a. the total entropy of the universe is continually decreasing

Which of the following statements is NOT a condition for static equilibrium? a. an object is at rest b. an object is in motion at a constant speed c. all forced acting on an object are balanced (net force = 0N) d. opposing forced will "cancel out" e. Acceleration = 0 m/s^2

b. an object is in motion at a constant speed

Used to stop or slow the nuclear chain-reaction in the nuclear reactor: a. fuel rods (core) b. control rods c. moderator d. coolant

b. control rods

Which experimental variable is lift? (Y-AXIS) a. independent b. dependent c. controlled

b. dependent

Which of the following is NOT true about gamma rays? a. higher energy than x-rays b. photons emitted from nucleus as part of radioactive decay c. have more mass than alpha and beta particles d. A and B e. all of the above are correct

c. have more mass than alpha and beta particles

Used to slow down the neutrons created by the fission reactions so they can create new fission reactions in a nuclear reactor: a. fuel rods (core) b. control rods c. moderator d. coolant

c. moderator

Consider the following: 1) you have accurately collected data; 2) and all of your errors are truly random; 3) your data follows a normal distribution pattern (bell curve). How do you know if you have collected enough data for your investigation?

c. 68% of your data fall within the range plus or minus 1 SD

After electricity is generated at a power plant, what is the next step in the Power Grid Model? a. electricity is routed through power lines to the end users in the community b. electricity is sent to a substation where the voltage is decreased (step down) before being carried through transmission lines c. electricity is sent to to the substations where the voltage is increased (step up) before being carried through transmission lines d. electricity is sent to substations where the voltage is reduced (step down) before going to the distribution companies e. electricity is sent to substations where the voltage is increased (step up) before going to distribution companies

c. electricity is sent to to the substations where the voltage is increased (step up) before being carried through transmission lines

Which of the following is NOT true about suspension bridges? a. the design increases the effects of torsion and sheer stresses b. smaller cables are hung vertically from the main cables and connect to the road deck c. the cables are under compression and the piers (towers are under tension) d. the Golden Gate and Brooklyn bridges are examples

c. the cables are under compression and the piers (towers are under tension)

Which of the following is NOT true about batteries? a. an example of a voltage source utilizing chemical reactions b. although a voltage source, also causes resistance in the circuit c. the positive end is where the chemical reaction creates a positive charge and the negative end is where it takes the negatively charged electrons d. A and B e. B and C

c. the positive end is where the chemical reaction creates a positive charge and the negative end is where it takes the negatively charged electrons

The mean is: a. a measurement of precision b. the same as the variance c. the same as the average d. a measurement of accuracy

c. the same as the average

When a bridge is being twisted, the force acting on it is: a. compression b. tension c. torsion d. shear

c. torsion

The Therac-25 has two modes of operation -- which of the following requires a metal plate inserted between the beam and the patient? a. electron (beta) mode b. gamma mode c. x-ray mode d. microwave mode e. infrared mode

c. x-ray mode

inside a chemical compound; requires a chemical reaction

chemical energy

Which of the following is true abut the Comet 1 crashes? a. metal fatigue in the fuselage caused cracks to form b. square shaped windows created cracks/ruptures in the fuselage c. gas leaks in the combustion chamber of the engine caused explosions d. A and B e. A and C

d. A and B -metal fatigue in the fuselage caused cracks to form -square shaped windows created cracks/ruptures in the fuselage

Which of the following statements is NOT accurate? a. energy cannot be created or destroyed b. photosynthesis is an example of a natural energy transformation between EM and chemical energies c. work is done by changing the state or form of energy to another d. energy always flows from lows to highs to create equilibrium e. energy is the ability to do work

d. energy always flows from lows to highs to create equilibrium

Precision is: a. the ability of a measurement to match the actual value of the quantity being measured b. a number expressing the likelihood that a specific event will occur c. the middle value of an ordered distribution of numbers d. the ability of a measurement to be consistently reproduced e. when the central tendency of your sample size = central tendency of the population

d. the ability of a measurement to be consistently reproduced

Which of the following was NOT a problem with the Therac-25? a. it did not include safety measures within the hardware b. it used old software from the therac-20 that had defects c. the user's manual did not specify what the "malfunction" messages meant d. the software was built with safety precautions e. the complex software program was not evaluated or tested

d. the software was built with safety precautions

Which of the following is NOT accurate concerning non-ionizing radiation? a. have enough energy to pull electrons from their orbit b. examples include radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible light c. can affect atoms in living things, so it is a potential health risk d. A and B e. A and C

e. A and C

Boiling water reactors (BWR): a. water passing through the reactor is allowed to boil to create steam for running the turbine b. Most common US reactor type c. water passing through the reactor will over time become radioactive d. A, B, and C e. A and C

e. A and C -water passing through the reactor is allowed to boil to create steam for running the turbine -water passing through the reactor will over time become radioactive

Which of the following is NOT true when using the Bernoulli Effect to explain lift in an airplane? a. when the moving air encounter an obstacle, such as an airplane, its path will compress as it flows around the object b. higher pressure on top of the airfoil lifts the airplane c. faster moving air has greater pressure than slower moving air d. A and B e. B and C

e. B and C - higher pressure on top of the airfoil lifts the airplane -faster moving air has greater pressure than slower moving air

Which of the following is NOT true about cancer cells? a. have mutant DNA b. reproduce faster c.. avoid normal cell death d. lost the ability to fix their damaged DNA e. can be repaired with the help of healthy cells

e. can be repaired with the help of healthy cells

The wings of Electra fell off because: a. the airfoils were too long and narrow b. propellers on the engines created whirling c. structural failure of the engine mounts on the wings resulted in wobbling d. combination of A and C e. combination of B and C

e. combination of B and C -propellers on the engines created whirling -structural failure of the engine mounts on the wings resulted in wobbling

A type of a design utilizing a series of triangles to redistribute tension and compression acting on a bridge: a. cantilever b. arch c. suspension d. cable-stayed e. truss

e. truss

True or False: During an investigation, if your results do not support your hypothesis it means that your results are wrong.

false

True or False: Even with technological advances, accepted scientific laws never change

false

True or False: Microwaves are an example of ionizing radiation

false

True or False: Open systems provide a limited amount of discrete data that can be collected to test a hypothesis.

false

True or False: Radio waves have the shortest wavelengths

false

True or False: The dead load is the weight of the traffic crossing the bridge

false

True or False: The force affecting the arch bridge the most is tension.

false

inside a physical system; need to move something

mechanical energy