distributed systems

architectural elements

Cloud mobile ground

backbone

a backbone is a network link with high a high transmission capacity, employing satellite connections, fiber optic cables, and other high-bandwidth circuits

what is a remote invocation

a complete interaction between a client and a server, from the point when the client sends its request to when it receives the service response

protocol Suites

a complete set of protocol lyrics is referred to as protocol Suites or a protocol stack

service

a distinct part of a computer system that manages a collection of related resources and presents their functionality to users and applications

independent failure

all computer systems can fail, and it is the responsibility of system designers to plan for the consequences of possible failures

Peer-to-peer (P2P)

all participating processes run the same program Adelphi the same set of interfaces to each other

middleware

and software that provides a programming abstraction as well as masking the heterogeneity of underlined networks, Hardware, operating systems and other programming languages

Define API

application programming interface

broadcast

broadcasting is a transmission technique that involves no switching everything is transmitted in Evernote, it is up to the potential receiver to notice transmission address to them

datagram packet delivery

each data gram packet contains the Full Network address of the source and destination hosts

packet switching

each package arriving at a known is for stored in memory at the note and then processed by a program that transmitted to an ongoing circuit, which transferred packet to another note that is closer to an ultimate destination

server

her running program in process on a network computer that accepts requests from programs running on other computers to perform a service and respond appropriately

concurrency

in a network of computers, concurrent program execution if the norm I can do my work on my computer while you do your work on yours, sharing resources such as web pages or files when necessary.

internet scale distributed systems

incorporation of large number of nodes and provide distributed system services for Global organizations in across organizational boundaries

mobile computing

mobile Computing is the performance of computer task while the user is on the move or visiting places other than their usual environment

personal area Networks

pans are a subcategory of local network seeing each of the various digital devices carried by user are connected by low cost low energy Network

architectural models

the architecture of a system is a structure in terms of separately specified components and their interrelationships

latency

the delay that occurs after Ascend Corporation has executed in before beta starts to arrive at the destination computer it can be measured as a time required to transfer an empty message

network errors

the reliability of the underlying data transmission media is very high in all types except wireless networks or packets are lost due to external interferences

addressing

transport layer is responsible for delivering messages to destinations that the transport addresses that are composed of a network address of host computer and phone number well known internet services such as HTTP and FTP have been delegated contact numbers and these are registered with that Central Authority i a n a

multimedia online games

utilize client-server architecture in which a single copy of the state of the world is maintained on a centralized server and accessed by client programs running on players computers or other devices

what are well known ports?

well known ports are port numbers below 1 0 to 3

no Global clock

when there are limits to the accuracy in which the computers in a network can synchronize their clocks there is no Global notion of the correct time

what is a distributed system

I distributed system is one which two components located at Networked computers communicate and coordinate the access only by passing messages

physical model

a representation of the underlined Hardware elements cover distributed system that abstract away from specific details of the computer and networking Technologies employed.

what is a segment

a segment is a section of cable that serves at department or a floor of a building and may have many computer attached to it

cluster computer

a set of interconnected computers that corporate closely to provide a single integrated high-performance Computing capability

cloud computing

a set of internet-based application, storage and Computing Services sufficient to support most users needs, that's enabling them to largely or totally dispensed with local data storage and application software.

a total system bandwidth

a total system bandwidth of network is a measurement of throughput minus the total volume of traffic that can be transferred across a network in a given time eight bits equals 1 bytes

subnet

a unit of routing or a collection of nodes that can all be on the same physical

publish subscribe systems

main systems, such as the financial trading example , can be classified as the information dissemination a large number of procedures or publishers distribute information items of interest to similarity large number of customers

protocol layers

network software is arranged in a hierarchy of layers. H Lee represent an interface to the layers above it and extends the priorities of the underlined communication system

what does that file service provide?

read, write and delete operations on files

remote method invocation

remote method invocation strongly resembles remote procedure calls but in the world of distributed objects

remote invocation

represents the most common communication Paradigm in distributed systems, covering a range of techniques based on a two-way exchange between communicating entities and I distributed system and resulting in the calling of remote operations

request reply protocols

request reply Protocols are effectively a pattern and post on an underline message passing service to support client-server computing

protocol assembly

task of dividing messages into packets before transmission and reassembling them at the receiving computer is usually performed in the transfer layer the network layer protocol packets consist of a header and a data field and most Network Technologies, the date of Hill is variable in length with the maximum length called the maximum transfer unit or empty you

Layering

the concept of layering is a familiar one and is closely related to the abstraction in a layered approach, a complex system is partitioned into a number of layers, with a given layer making use of the services offered by the lair below.

virtual circuit package delivery

the establishment of virtual circuit involves the identification of a route from the source to the destination possibly passing through several to mediate notes that each note along the Route and table entry is made indicating which length should be used for the next stage of the route

inter process communication

the first sin that low-level support for communication between processes and distributed systems including messages passsing Primitives, direct access to the API offered by internet protocols and support for multicast communication

frame relay

the frame relay switching mother brings some of the advantages of circuit switching to packet switching networks. They overcome the delay Problems by switching small packets called frames on the Fly

ubiquitous computing

the harnessing of many small cheap competition devices that are present in users physical environment, including the home, office and even natural settings

data transfer rate

the speed at which data can be transferred between two computers in the network once transmission has begun, usually quoted in bits per second message transmission time equals latency + length/data transfer rate

web search

the task of web search engine is to index the entire contents of the World Wide Web, encompassing a wide range of information Styles including webpages multimedia sources and scanned books

protocols

the term protocol is used to refer to a well-known set of rules and formats to be used for communication between the process in order to perform a given task specifications of sequence of a message that must be exchanged a specification of the format of data in the messages

data streaming

the transmission and display of Audio and Video in New York time is referred to as streaming they require as much higher bandwidth than most other forms of communication in distributed systems

packet transmission

the transmission of logically in its or information or messages sequences of data of arbitrary length but before message is transmitted that is subdivided into packets the simplest form of packet is a sequence of binary data of restricted length

circuit switching

this system is sometimes referred to as a plain old phone system or pots it is a typical circuit switching Network

metropolitan area Networks

this type of network is based on the high bandwidth copper and fiber optic cabling recently installed in some towns and cities for transmission of video voice and other data over distances of up to 50 km