Diversity Final Study Guide
Asian women are more likely to be participating in the workforce than white women
In terms of workforce participation and education, which of the following is not true?
being able to take the perspective of others Individual benefits of working and learning in diverse environments documented by researchers include
Individual benefits of working and learning in diverse environments documented by researchers include
there are higher percentages of Asians with college degrees and higher percentages of Asians without high school degrees than Whites in both categories
Regarding Asian Americans and education,
during the same time that Africans were first sold in the U.S., Whites were also held as indentured servants
Regarding involuntary servitude in the U.S.
employees may post reasonably sized religious sayings in their personal workspaces
Regarding religion and work,
although most Americans are Christian, there is diversity of beliefs among Christian organizations
Regarding religious organizations in the U.S.,
in industrialized nations, women occupy no more than 10% of the highest positions.
Regarding wage inequality and the glass ceiling,
"describes beliefs that racism is a thing of the past and that Blacks have attained excessive, unfair gains through programs such as affirmative action Occurs when those who do not demonstrate overt racism use excuses, such as business justifications, to discriminate Was demonstrated in research studies when unqualified Whites were chosen over qualified Blacks
"New racism"
This is a case of religious discrimination.
A company allowed an assembly line worker to work from Sunday through Thursday to accommodate her Sabbath observance from sundown Friday through sundown Saturday, but then changed work requirements and would no longer allow her to work that schedule. The employee asked for an alternate schedule so she could still observe her Sabbath. She was told by Human Resources that if the company accommodated her they would have to accommodate "every Christian" and then she was fired. Which of the following is the best answer?
girls were more supportive of GLBT rights than boys.
A large study of the determinants of antigay attitudes among 16-year-olds in Belgium and Canada found that in terms of gay, lesbian, bisexual, and transgender (GLBT) rights
Men who are most likely to be harassed are older and White.
All of the following are true about sex discrimination and sexual harassment around the world except:
at one time were considered a separate race in the U.S.
American Jews
is widely considered to be Black, but is actually biracial Barak Obama
Barak Obama
BFOQs
Certain situations in which employers may require employees to hold certain characteristics are called:
along with people of Japanese descent, those of Italian and German descent were arrested and held in relocation centers
During World War II,
when necessary for communications with customers who only speak English
Employers may require English-only rules
There is no federal legislation prohibiting discrimination against younger workers.
Federal legislation prohibiting age discrimination against younger workers in the U.S.
horizontal barriers that confine minorities and women to certain positions within organizations
Glass walls are:
Avoid giving negative feedback to non-dominant members because it may seem like prejudice.
Human resources should adhere to all of the following practices to enhance diversity except:
Lucent Technologies has engaged in treatment discrimination against the person making the claim.
In 2007, Lucent Technologies discharged an installation estimator who was 55 in the course of a reduction-in-force. The estimator had 34 years of experience with Lucent, including 10 in the estimator position and had received recent performance evaluations that were outstanding. The company discharged this individual along with another estimator who was 51 years old and retained two younger estimators who were 42 and 27. The younger estimators were less experienced than the person making the claim and had received lower performance ratings. Which of the following statements is most likely the case?
includes both visible and invisible differences in its definition of diversity.
In terms of diversity, Royal Dutch Shell
Despite bans on women clergy in many organizations, some organizations do ordain women Under certain circumstances, discrimination against women is not illegal
In terms of women in religious organizations,
at one time were excluded form many jobs and denied service in some organizations in the U.S. at times participated in Blacks' struggles for civil rights
Jews in the U.S.
13th amendment
Name either the executive order or the constitutional amendment that ended slavery in the U.S.in the 1860s
should generally be made to accommodate the normal religious services of employees
Reasonable accommodation(s)
racial diversity was associated with increased sales revenue and more customers
Research on the "Value in Diversity" perspective found that
ignores differences among Asians and barriers they face
The portrayal of Asians as the "model minority"
the age range of the most preferred employees, 25 to 35.
The term "prime age" refers to:
has been used in English only cases on behalf of American Indians
Title VII of the Civil Rights Act
if applicants are over 18 or the required age minimum of a particular job (e.g., bartender).
To obtain information on eligibility to work, it is preferable for employers to ask
employers may only ask about applicants' ability to perform specific job functions
Under the Americans with Disabilities Act
Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 prohibits discrimination on the basis of race, color, religion, sex (including sexual harassment or pregnancy discrimination), and national origin in employment-related matters. -Blacks in the Military - Up until 1947-48 African Americans were either prohibited from serving in the military or they were in segregated units. (e.g. in 1870s division of the Calvary Buffalo Soldiers were African Americans) (Tusckegie Airmen - Blacks in World War 2) President Truman desegregates the Military The Equal Pay Act of 1963 addressed wage gaps between men and women. This meant that if a man and a woman with the same educational background and qualifications that preformed the same job, that the man could not be paid more just because he's a man. President Johnson issued executive orders for affirmative action. -Hampton University wanted to diversify their college so they went to a nearby predominately black neighborhood to recruit potential students for their college
What are the various ways that legislation, court decisions, and executive orders have improved equality and diversity in the United States? You must provide SPECIFIC examples.
railroad
What crucial industry were the Chinese directly involved in developing in the United States in the 1860s?
Protestant Christianity
What is the dominant form of SPECIFIC religious expression in the United States since its founding?
Declaration on the Fundamental Principles and Rights at Work
What is the name of the document written by the International Labour Organization detailing how eliminating workplace discrimination benefits society worldwide?
repatriation
What is the term for when thousands of Mexican-Americans were forcibly sent back to Mexico in the 1930s?
the great migration
What is the term for when thousands of Puerto Ricans migrated to the United States in the 1920s?
Ageism
What is the term that refers to prejudice, stereotypes, and discrimination directed at a person because of his or her age?
religiosity
What is the term that refers to the degree to which an individual practices a religion, or, the strength of his or her connection with, adherence to, or conviction about its beliefs, practices, or precepts?
secularism
What is the term that refers to the desire to remove religious influence from the public sphere including institutions and workplaces?
Chinese Exclusion Act
What was the federal legislation in the 1880s that basically prohibited Chinese immigrants from becoming citizens?
Age Discrimination in Employment Act
What was the name of the legislation that prohibits employment-related age discrimination against employees and applicants who are at least 40 years of age by employers of 20 or more people?
Jim Crow Laws
What was the term for the laws passed in many southern states designed to limit opportunities for blacks?
employers may legally discharge, force retirement on, or fail to hire certain selected types of employees.
When age is a bona fide occupational qualification,
First
Which amendment (number) to the U.S. Constitution prohibits a government supported religion?
Dysfunctional communication processes, harassment, perceptions that non-traditional workers are unqualified, and lowered attachment, commitment, and satisfaction
Which of the following are some of the potential negative outcomes that may be consequences of increased diversity?
Some White ethnic groups faced considerable overt discrimination in the U.S.
Which of the following is accurate of Whites/European Americans in the U.S.?
Some jobs held by Asians contradict the stereotype of Asians as successful and high earners Asians are sometimes perceived as the "model minority" while at the same time they experience the glass ceiling and other forms of discrimination Some Asian entrepreneurs are self-employed because of a lack of opportunities in formal organizations
Which of the following is accurate of the stereotype of Asian Americans as being the "model minority"?
Participation in training and development has little impact on workers' preparedness for advancement opportunities.
Which of the following is not true of human resource practices and diversity?
In some European countries and Japan the workforce is shrinking
Which of the following is true about demographic changes around the world?
Applicant race and sex were not associated with their ratings by the interviews
Which of the following is true concerning the research findings of McCarthy and her colleagues in using structured interviews to select employees?
Asian immigrant women are likely to work in a family-owned business, computer manufacturing, or the garment industry
Which of the following is true of Asian women at work in the U.S.
Southeast Asians are more likely to have limited English proficiency than other Asians Some groups of Asians are more likely to be on public assistance than some other minority group members Some discrimination against Asians occurs because of perceptions they have been too successful Perceptions of language barriers impede Asians' progress
Which of the following is true of Asians?
The majority of Hispanics in the U.S. are of Mexican origin
Which of the following is true of Latinos in the U.S?
Labor market competition between white and Chinese workers fueled lynching of Chinese workers Federal legislation purposefully restricted entry of Chinese laborers into the U.S.
Which of the following is true of White and Chinese railroad workers in the 1800s?
White women are in a unique situation of dominance and disadvantage White men may view White women as more believable sources of diversity information than people of color
Which of the following is true of White women and diversity concerns?
Younger employees are more likely to be injured at work. Proper training and supervision can help reduce the rate of accidents and injury at work.
Which of the following is true of age, accidents, and injuries at work?
Employers are encouraged to have a policy that includes prohibitions on religious harassment.
Which of the following is true of religion and work?
It began to recover during the 1900s due to declining mortality rates and increasing fertility rates Changes in self-identification have contributed to increases in the population Less than 2% of the U.S. population is American Indian and Alaska Natives
Which of the following is true of the American Indian/Alaska Native population?
Older workers learn differently than younger workers.
Which of the following is true of training older workers?
the male/female wage gap exists in countries all over the world
Which of the following is true regarding sex-based pay inequality?
Different educational levels between Blacks and Whites do not completely explain the Black/White earnings gap
Which of the following statements about the education and earnings of Blacks/African Americans is true?
Black unemployment is higher than the unemployment of every other racial/ethnic group at the same educational level
Which of the following statements about the education, employment, and/or earnings of Blacks/African Americans is true?
initially, the homogeneous groups outperformed the diverse groups, but by the end of the semester, the diverse groups outperformed the homogeneous groups
Which of the following statements accurately describes research on the performance of diverse groups compared with homogeneous groups?
discrimination
a negative action that is designed to limit the opportunities of members of a particular group is called:
affirmative action program
a program designed to identify and correct the underutilization of certain groups within an organization is called:
White ethnic groups became "insiders," while Blacks became the "other"
as blacks migrated from the South to the North seeking better jobs and greater opportunities,
may be more difficult to identify and change than traditional racism
aversive racism
identifiability, differential power, discrimination, and group awareness
according to the text,characteristics of minority or non-dominate groups often include
prejudice
an irrational, negative evaluation or opinion of a specific group is called:
stereotype
an overgeneralization about how people will or should behave based on their memberships in a specific group is called:
is one of many methods and means to pursue diversity
compliance with laws
Differences in inheritance Effects of discrimination which limits the ability of Blacks to acquire and thus pass on wealth Disparities in mortgage loan approvals and rates for comparably credit-worthy Blacks and Whites Racial segregation of neighborhoods
differences in Back/White accumulation of wealth are influenced by
occurs when an apparently neutral policy, such as height and weight requirements, has the effect of discrimination against certain groups
disparate impact
occurs when an employee or applicant is treated differently because of his or her race, sex, age, or other protected category
disparate treatment
is the process by which social institutions shape expectations of acceptable behaviors for men and women
gender role socialization
White recruiters preferred White applicants but Black recruiters did not favor Black applicants
in Goldberg's research on the effects of similarity in race and sex on interview assessments and offers,
told applicants that order-filling positions were more suitable for women
in a sex discrimination lawsuit settled in 2010, Walmart agreed to pay nearly 12 million. the EEOC alleged that Walmart did all of the following except:
native and immigrant Blacks had similar earnings African-born blacks had higher educational levels than native-born blacks
in a study on employment and earnings of native and immigrant Blacks and Whites, Bucher found that
Chinese applicants received the lowest suitability ratings
in research on the effects of having an Asian (Chinese or Indian) or White name in selection decisions
a critical look at job requirements can be advantageous for employer & applicant
in terms of police work,
Many Hispanics are White in race, yet Hispanics are included in the "people of color" category Many Latinos view their race as cultural, variable, and contextual Confounding of race and ethnicity among Hispanics can create a double jeopardy, in which they experience discrimination based on skin color as well as ethnicity
in terms of race and ethnicity,
most of the men who are harassed are harassed by other men, rather than by women
in terms of sexual harassment,
more Cuban Americans have at least a college degree than Mexican Americans
in terms of the educational attainment of Latinos,
by the year 2000, 85% of the net new entrants to the workforce would be women and minorities
in their 1987 research on the changes that would occur in the nature of work and in the demographic background of workers in the 21st century, Johnston and Packer stated that
can result in the similarity effect in organizations
in-group favoritism
was illegal until a 1967 Supreme Court decision
interracial marriage
are more likely to be promoted into management than women working in such positions
men working in female-dominated positions
perceptions about how people should behave based on their group memberships
prescriptive stereotyping refers to
Large numbers of Asians reside in cities having high costs of living and this reflects Asians earnings relative to other racial groups that are more geographically dispersed There are more Asians living in poverty than Whites
regarding Asians' earnings,
the part of a person's self-concept that derives from membership in a particular social group and the value and emotional significance attached to that group membership
social identity is
is the largest proportion for all racial/ethnic groups
the White population in the U.S.
Multiracial people may appear to be one race or the other, rather than multiracial. Care should be taken to avoid grouping multiracials with one group and ignoring the other(s) aspects of their identity Having a culture of nondiscrimination in an organization would help avoid inadvertent discrimination against invisibly multiracial individuals
which of the following is true of multiracial people?
EEOC
the federal bureaucacy that was created by Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 to enforce federal laws prohibiting workplace discrimination is called:
is the tendency to underestimate the influence of external factors and overestimate the influence of internal factors when evaluating behaviors of others
the fundamental attribution error
Equal Pay Act of 1963
the legislation that was passed in the 1960s that was designed to specifically target differences in pay between men and women was called:
a shared national origin or cultural heritage among people
the term "ethnicity" refers to
sex
what is the term for the biological differences between men and women as expressed in their chromosomes?
gender
what is the term that refers to social constructions that reflect how a society views proper behavior and roles for men and women?
sex segregation
what is the term that refers to when more than 70% of one sex works in a particular job or occupation
indian removal act
what was the name for the forced removal of the Cherokee and other tribes from the eastern U.S. to present day Oklahoma
Indian Child Welfare Act
what was the name for the legislation that restricted government agencies from removing Native American children from their homes?
sex segregation
when at least 70% of incumbents in a particular job are either male or female, this is called:
they experience sexual harassment based on both race and sex from managers, but not from peers
which of the following is not true of women of color?
the combination of race and sex creates advantages for women of color, thus they have benefited more from affirmative action programs than White women
which of the following is not true regarding White women and women of color in the workforce?
Asians are more likely to start their own businesses than other minority groups Many Asian-owned firms survive due to long hours and unpaid labor of family members Some Asians start their own businesses due to lack of opportunities elsewhere
which of the following is true of Asian American entrepreneurs?
acting on stereotypes about someone's ability based on his or her age is prohibited under the ADEA
which of the following is true of age discrimination in employment?
