DNA and RNA
Translation
RNA-->Protein
Genetic Code
The sequence of A, C, G, T (or U) bases in a polynucleotide chain
Double helix
The shape of DNA
Franklin
Used X rays to learn more about DNA's structure
Ribosomal
r in rRNA stands for
Transfer
t in tRNA stands for
Stop codons
Tells when to stop
Ribosome, codons
Translation occurs in a ____ when the _____ on the mRNA are "read."
Nucleic Acid
Type of organic compound
RNA polymerase
Enzyme that assists in transcription
RNA
1. Single-stranded 2. Ribose 3. Uracil 4. 3 forms 5. Can leave nucleus
Four
Number of different nitrogen bases
Translation
Convert
Transcription
DNA copied into mRNA
Proteins
DNA directs the production of
All known living things have the same genetic code
"The genetic code is universal." This statement means that
DNA
1. Double-stranded 2. Deoxyribose 3. Thymine 4. 1 form 5. Never leaves nucleus
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
1962 award to Watson and Crick for their discovery
Chromosomes
23 pairs found in each human body cell
46
A human body cell has ____ many chromosomes
Adenine
Always pairs with thymine
Genome
An organism's complete genetic makeup, including its entire set of chromosomes
Autosomes
Any chromosome that is not a sex chromosome
Gene
Basic physical and functional unit of heredity
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
Brings amino acids to ribosomes
Amino Acid
Building block for protein
One
Codons code for how many amino acids?
mRNA
Complementary to a strand of DNA
tRNA
Contains an anticodon that is complementary to the codon for an amino acid
Transcription
Copied
Messenger RNA (rRNA)
Copies the genetic instructions from DNA in the nucleus, and carries the instructions to the cytoplasm
Guanine
Cytosine pairs only with
Central dogma of molecular biology
DNA-->RNA-->Protein
Deoxyribonucleic acid
DNA=
1,2, and 3
Differences between DNA and RNA include which of the flowing? (1) RNA consists of one nucleotide chain. (2) RNA contains the nitrogen base uracil instead of thymine. (3) RNA contains the sugar ribose instead of deoxyribose.
Watson and Crick
Discovered the shape of DNA
three
Forms of RNA
rRNA
Forms structure of ribosome
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
Helps form ribosomes
Hydrogen Bonds
Holds nitrogen bases together
3 Billion
Human DNA consists of about ____ bases
30,000
Humans have about ____ many genes
GTCCAATGC
If one strand of DNA is CAGGTTACG, the opposite strand is
44, 2
In human body cells, there are ____ autosomes and ____ sex chromosomes
tRNA
Moves amino acids from nucleus to ribosome
Uracil
Nitrogen base found only in RNA
Crick
Other scientist who discovered the structure of DNA
Nucleus
Part of cell where DNA is found
Protein Chain
Polypeptide chain=
Single
RNA is a ____-stranded molecule
Nitrogen Bases
Rungs of DNA ladder
Watson
Scientist who discovered the structure of DNA
Codon
Sequence of three nucleotides of a mRNA molecule
Helix
Shape of DNA molecule is a double
Phosphate
Sides of DNA ladder are made of sugar and
Nucleus
Site of transcription
Ribosome
Site of translation
Anti-codons
Specific to one amino acid
Nucleotide
Subunit of DNA
Deoxyribose
Sugar molecule found in DNA
Ribose
Sugar molecule found in RNA
Polypeptide
Synonym for protein
DNA replication
The process in which DNA is copied
Protein Synthesis
The process in which cells make proteins
A sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogen-containing base
The subunits of DNA are nucleotides consisting of
Transcription and translation
The two processes of protein synthesis are
4
There are ___ different nitrogen bases found in DNA
Wilkins
Third scientist credited for the discovery of the structure of DNA
DNA-->RNA
Transcription
1 and 2
Which of the following statements concerning DNA is correct? (1) DNA contains instructions for all the proteins your body makes. (2) The shape of DNA is a double helix. (3) The central dogma of molecular biology states RNA-->DNA-->Protein
Anticodon
Which of the following terms is most closely associated with a tRNA molecule?
Peptide
_____ bonds form between amino acids
Messenger
m in mRNA stands for
