DNA and RNA

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Translation

RNA-->Protein

Genetic Code

The sequence of A, C, G, T (or U) bases in a polynucleotide chain

Double helix

The shape of DNA

Franklin

Used X rays to learn more about DNA's structure

Ribosomal

r in rRNA stands for

Transfer

t in tRNA stands for

Stop codons

Tells when to stop

Ribosome, codons

Translation occurs in a ____ when the _____ on the mRNA are "read."

Nucleic Acid

Type of organic compound

RNA polymerase

Enzyme that assists in transcription

RNA

1. Single-stranded 2. Ribose 3. Uracil 4. 3 forms 5. Can leave nucleus

Four

Number of different nitrogen bases

Translation

Convert

Transcription

DNA copied into mRNA

Proteins

DNA directs the production of

All known living things have the same genetic code

"The genetic code is universal." This statement means that

DNA

1. Double-stranded 2. Deoxyribose 3. Thymine 4. 1 form 5. Never leaves nucleus

Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine

1962 award to Watson and Crick for their discovery

Chromosomes

23 pairs found in each human body cell

46

A human body cell has ____ many chromosomes

Adenine

Always pairs with thymine

Genome

An organism's complete genetic makeup, including its entire set of chromosomes

Autosomes

Any chromosome that is not a sex chromosome

Gene

Basic physical and functional unit of heredity

Transfer RNA (tRNA)

Brings amino acids to ribosomes

Amino Acid

Building block for protein

One

Codons code for how many amino acids?

mRNA

Complementary to a strand of DNA

tRNA

Contains an anticodon that is complementary to the codon for an amino acid

Transcription

Copied

Messenger RNA (rRNA)

Copies the genetic instructions from DNA in the nucleus, and carries the instructions to the cytoplasm

Guanine

Cytosine pairs only with

Central dogma of molecular biology

DNA-->RNA-->Protein

Deoxyribonucleic acid

DNA=

1,2, and 3

Differences between DNA and RNA include which of the flowing? (1) RNA consists of one nucleotide chain. (2) RNA contains the nitrogen base uracil instead of thymine. (3) RNA contains the sugar ribose instead of deoxyribose.

Watson and Crick

Discovered the shape of DNA

three

Forms of RNA

rRNA

Forms structure of ribosome

Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)

Helps form ribosomes

Hydrogen Bonds

Holds nitrogen bases together

3 Billion

Human DNA consists of about ____ bases

30,000

Humans have about ____ many genes

GTCCAATGC

If one strand of DNA is CAGGTTACG, the opposite strand is

44, 2

In human body cells, there are ____ autosomes and ____ sex chromosomes

tRNA

Moves amino acids from nucleus to ribosome

Uracil

Nitrogen base found only in RNA

Crick

Other scientist who discovered the structure of DNA

Nucleus

Part of cell where DNA is found

Protein Chain

Polypeptide chain=

Single

RNA is a ____-stranded molecule

Nitrogen Bases

Rungs of DNA ladder

Watson

Scientist who discovered the structure of DNA

Codon

Sequence of three nucleotides of a mRNA molecule

Helix

Shape of DNA molecule is a double

Phosphate

Sides of DNA ladder are made of sugar and

Nucleus

Site of transcription

Ribosome

Site of translation

Anti-codons

Specific to one amino acid

Nucleotide

Subunit of DNA

Deoxyribose

Sugar molecule found in DNA

Ribose

Sugar molecule found in RNA

Polypeptide

Synonym for protein

DNA replication

The process in which DNA is copied

Protein Synthesis

The process in which cells make proteins

A sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogen-containing base

The subunits of DNA are nucleotides consisting of

Transcription and translation

The two processes of protein synthesis are

4

There are ___ different nitrogen bases found in DNA

Wilkins

Third scientist credited for the discovery of the structure of DNA

DNA-->RNA

Transcription

1 and 2

Which of the following statements concerning DNA is correct? (1) DNA contains instructions for all the proteins your body makes. (2) The shape of DNA is a double helix. (3) The central dogma of molecular biology states RNA-->DNA-->Protein

Anticodon

Which of the following terms is most closely associated with a tRNA molecule?

Peptide

_____ bonds form between amino acids

Messenger

m in mRNA stands for


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