DNA Replication/Protein Synthesis Quiz Review Kevin Maloney (Worksheets as well as Slides 32-62 30 Slides)

How many strands does DNA have?

2 strands

DNA Structure

A pairs with T C pairs with G

Gene

A segment of DNA that codes for a specific trait.

Thymine pairs with

Adenine

The two purines in DNA are

Adenine and Guanine

What part of a nucleotide contains the genetic code?

Base (A,T,C,G)

Mutations

Changes in DNA Molecules Can be caused by environmental factors repaired by proof- readers not all are harmful

Guanine pairs with

Cytosine

DNA

Cytosine, Adenine, Thymine, Guanine

RNA

Cytosine, Adenine, Uracil, Guanine

Blueprint of Life

DNA

Polymer

DNA

Who has the code that makes proteins?

DNA

What enzyme attaches new nucleotides to the original DNA strands?

DNA Polymerase

What are Polymers of DNA?

DNA and RNA

Nucleic Acids

DNA and RNA Control heredity Assist in making proteins

Transcription

DNA to RNA in the nucleus

DNA

Double helix Deoxyribose Sugar A,C,G,T (has THYMINE) In Nucleus

What is the shape of DNA?

Double helix (twisted ladder shape)

Why is DNA called the "Blueprint of Life"?

Every cell in your body has the same "blueprint" or as it is really called, DNA.

In a DNA molecule, the number of cytosines equals the number of

Guanines

What are proteins used for?

Hormones Hemoglobin Enzymes Chemical traits (hair, eyes, skin colors)

What bond holds complementary bases of DNA together?

Hydrogen bond

What two scientists established the structure of DNA?

James Watson and Francis Crick 1953

Where do you get your DNA from?

Mitochondrion: DNA comes from mother Nucleus: DNA comes from both parents Leading to an offspring cell

Can DNA leave the nucleus?

No, only RNA

DNA

Nucleic Acid Stores and transmits genetic information from one generation to the next

Gene

Part of a chromosome contains information for a single genetic trait Information passes from parent to offspring

RNA (ribonucleic acid)

Phosphate Sugar: Ribose Nitrogen Bases: Guanine Cytosine Adenine Uracil

What are the two main functions of DNA?

Provides protein synthesis, Replicates itself.

If DNA can't leave, how can the message get to the ribosome

RNA

Why is RNA necessary to act as a messenger?

RNA takes the \"message\" of the DNA to the ribosomes and \"tells them\" what proteins are to be made.

After the result of DNA replication, one strand is new and one strand is old. This type of replication is called _____________.

Semi- Conservative

RNA

Single helix Ribose sugar A,C,G, Uracil (NO THYMINE) In Nucleus, Cytoplasm, Ribosome

Nitrogen Bases

Stores Genetic Information

Roseland Frankland's x-ray diffraction image was used by Watson and Crick to discover?

That DNA was shaped like a double helix (twisted ladder)

How do some cells become brain cells and others become skin cells, when the DNA in ALL cells is exactly the same. In other words, if the instructions are exactly the same, how does one cell become a brain cell and another a skin cell?

The cell grows, makes a copy of its DNA, and prepares to divide into two cells

In a DNA molecule, the number of adenines equals the number of

Thymines

The sequence of nitrogen bases is

Unique for almost all organisms

What are the sides of the DNA ladder made of?

alternating sugar and phosphate molecules

What is the monomer of a protein?

amino acid

rRNA (ribosomal RNA)

an organelle that contains most of the RNA in the cell and that is responsible for ribosome function

DNA in prokaryotes can be found in the

cytoplasm

What does DNA stand for?

deoxyribonucleic acid, a self-replicating material present in nearly all living organisms as the main constituent of chromosomes. It is the carrier of genetic information.

What sugar is found in DNA?

deoxyribose sugar

Shape

double helix

DNA Replication

doubles the amount of DNA before a cell divides semi- conservative

What enzyme unzips (unwinds) the DNA?

helicase

When the DNA is unwound,

helicase is formed

The _______ strand has DNA made in short segments called Okazaki fragments.

lagging

The _______ strand has DNA made continuously.

leading

Translation

mRNA to protein (in cytoplasm)

mRNA

messenger RNA; type of RNA that carries instructions from DNA in the nucleus to the ribosome

DNA can be found in what two organelles?

mitochondria and chloroplasts

Monomer

nucleotide

What is a Monomer of Nucleic acid?

nucleotide

DNA is made of repeating units called

nucleotides

DNA in eukaryotes can be found in the

nucleus

Where in the cell are chromosomes located?

nucleus

Where is DNA located?

nucleus

The backbone of the double helix has alternating ______________ and _________________________.

phosphate groups and deoxyribose sugar

What sugar is found in RNA?

ribose sugar

Proteins are made where in the cell

ribosomes

Where in the cell are proteins made?

ribosomes

What are the three parts of a nucleotide?

sugar, phosphate, nitrogen base

What are the rungs of the DNA ladder made of?

thymines, adenines, guanines, cytosines

What is the purpose of DNA replication?

to produce two identical copies of a DNA molecule

tRNA (transfer RNA)

type of RNA molecule that transfers amino acids to ribosomes during protein synthesis