DNA Replication/Protein Synthesis Quiz Review Kevin Maloney (Worksheets as well as Slides 32-62 30 Slides)
How many strands does DNA have?
2 strands
DNA Structure
A pairs with T C pairs with G
Gene
A segment of DNA that codes for a specific trait.
Thymine pairs with
Adenine
The two purines in DNA are
Adenine and Guanine
What part of a nucleotide contains the genetic code?
Base (A,T,C,G)
Mutations
Changes in DNA Molecules Can be caused by environmental factors repaired by proof- readers not all are harmful
Guanine pairs with
Cytosine
DNA
Cytosine, Adenine, Thymine, Guanine
RNA
Cytosine, Adenine, Uracil, Guanine
Blueprint of Life
DNA
Polymer
DNA
Who has the code that makes proteins?
DNA
What enzyme attaches new nucleotides to the original DNA strands?
DNA Polymerase
What are Polymers of DNA?
DNA and RNA
Nucleic Acids
DNA and RNA Control heredity Assist in making proteins
Transcription
DNA to RNA in the nucleus
DNA
Double helix Deoxyribose Sugar A,C,G,T (has THYMINE) In Nucleus
What is the shape of DNA?
Double helix (twisted ladder shape)
Why is DNA called the "Blueprint of Life"?
Every cell in your body has the same "blueprint" or as it is really called, DNA.
In a DNA molecule, the number of cytosines equals the number of
Guanines
What are proteins used for?
Hormones Hemoglobin Enzymes Chemical traits (hair, eyes, skin colors)
What bond holds complementary bases of DNA together?
Hydrogen bond
What two scientists established the structure of DNA?
James Watson and Francis Crick 1953
Where do you get your DNA from?
Mitochondrion: DNA comes from mother Nucleus: DNA comes from both parents Leading to an offspring cell
Can DNA leave the nucleus?
No, only RNA
DNA
Nucleic Acid Stores and transmits genetic information from one generation to the next
Gene
Part of a chromosome contains information for a single genetic trait Information passes from parent to offspring
RNA (ribonucleic acid)
Phosphate Sugar: Ribose Nitrogen Bases: Guanine Cytosine Adenine Uracil
What are the two main functions of DNA?
Provides protein synthesis, Replicates itself.
If DNA can't leave, how can the message get to the ribosome
RNA
Why is RNA necessary to act as a messenger?
RNA takes the \"message\" of the DNA to the ribosomes and \"tells them\" what proteins are to be made.
After the result of DNA replication, one strand is new and one strand is old. This type of replication is called _____________.
Semi- Conservative
RNA
Single helix Ribose sugar A,C,G, Uracil (NO THYMINE) In Nucleus, Cytoplasm, Ribosome
Nitrogen Bases
Stores Genetic Information
Roseland Frankland's x-ray diffraction image was used by Watson and Crick to discover?
That DNA was shaped like a double helix (twisted ladder)
How do some cells become brain cells and others become skin cells, when the DNA in ALL cells is exactly the same. In other words, if the instructions are exactly the same, how does one cell become a brain cell and another a skin cell?
The cell grows, makes a copy of its DNA, and prepares to divide into two cells
In a DNA molecule, the number of adenines equals the number of
Thymines
The sequence of nitrogen bases is
Unique for almost all organisms
What are the sides of the DNA ladder made of?
alternating sugar and phosphate molecules
What is the monomer of a protein?
amino acid
rRNA (ribosomal RNA)
an organelle that contains most of the RNA in the cell and that is responsible for ribosome function
DNA in prokaryotes can be found in the
cytoplasm
What does DNA stand for?
deoxyribonucleic acid, a self-replicating material present in nearly all living organisms as the main constituent of chromosomes. It is the carrier of genetic information.
What sugar is found in DNA?
deoxyribose sugar
Shape
double helix
DNA Replication
doubles the amount of DNA before a cell divides semi- conservative
What enzyme unzips (unwinds) the DNA?
helicase
When the DNA is unwound,
helicase is formed
The _______ strand has DNA made in short segments called Okazaki fragments.
lagging
The _______ strand has DNA made continuously.
leading
Translation
mRNA to protein (in cytoplasm)
mRNA
messenger RNA; type of RNA that carries instructions from DNA in the nucleus to the ribosome
DNA can be found in what two organelles?
mitochondria and chloroplasts
Monomer
nucleotide
What is a Monomer of Nucleic acid?
nucleotide
DNA is made of repeating units called
nucleotides
DNA in eukaryotes can be found in the
nucleus
Where in the cell are chromosomes located?
nucleus
Where is DNA located?
nucleus
The backbone of the double helix has alternating ______________ and _________________________.
phosphate groups and deoxyribose sugar
What sugar is found in RNA?
ribose sugar
Proteins are made where in the cell
ribosomes
Where in the cell are proteins made?
ribosomes
What are the three parts of a nucleotide?
sugar, phosphate, nitrogen base
What are the rungs of the DNA ladder made of?
thymines, adenines, guanines, cytosines
What is the purpose of DNA replication?
to produce two identical copies of a DNA molecule
tRNA (transfer RNA)
type of RNA molecule that transfers amino acids to ribosomes during protein synthesis
