EAQ Hypersensitivities, Allergies, and Autoimmunity

Which food item may cause anaphylaxis in some individuals? Nuts Eggs Peanuts Shellfish Potatoes

Nuts Eggs Peanuts Shellfish

Which statement best describes a type IV hypersensitivity reaction? "It is a reaction of immunoglobulin G (IgG) with the host cell membranes or antigen." "The reaction of sensitized T-cells with antigen and release of lymphokines activate macrophages and induce inflammation." "It results in release of mediators, especially histamine, because of the reaction of IgE antibody on mast cells." "An immune complex of antigen and antibodies is formed and deposited in the walls of blood vessels."

"The reaction of sensitized T-cells with antigen and release of lymphokines activate macrophages and induce inflammation."

Which complication would be evident in a patient with type I hypersensitivity? Poison ivy Allergic asthma Rheumatoid arthritis Autoimmune hemolytic anemia

Allergic Asthma

Which is an example of a type hypersensitivity reaction? Angioedema Rheumatoid arthritis Poison ivy skin rashes Immune hemolytic anemia

Angioedema

Which condition is associated with a type II hypersensitivity reaction? Hay fever Sarcoidosis Serum sickness Autoimmune hemolytic anemia

Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia Rationale: In this reaction, the body makes special autoantibodies to kill the self cells (or blood cells), causing anemia because of loss of blood cells. Hay fever, serum sickness, and sarcoidosis are type I, type III, and type IV hypersensitivities, respectively.

Which medication is most likely to have caused a hypersensitivity reaction of severe angioedema of the lips, face, and tongue? Acarbose Asenapine Benazepril Gabapentin

Benazepril Rationale: The drugs most commonly associated with angioedema are angioedema are angiotensin-converting enzymes inhibitors, such as benazepril. Acarbose is a diabetic medication. Asenapine is an atypical antipsychotic. Gabapentin is an anticonvulsant.

Which type of hypersensitivity reaction is the patient with a poison ivy skin rash experiencing? Delayed reaction Cytotoxic reaction Immediate reaction Immune complex-mediated reaction

Delayed Reaction Rationale: This type IV reaction occurs hours to days after exposure. The reactive cell is the T-lymphocyte (T-cell). Cytotoxic reaction is a type II reaction in which the body makes special antibodies against self cells that have some form of foreign protein attached to them. Autoimmune hemolytic anemia and Goodpasture syndrome are examples of type II reactions. A type I reaction is an immediate hypersensitive reaction; hay fever, allergic asthma, and anaphylaxis are examples of type I reactions. A type III reaction is an immune complex-mediated hypersensitive reaction; serum sickness and vasculitis are example of a type III reaction. In a type III reaction, excess antigens cause the formation of immune complexes in the blood.

In which order does the mechanisms of a type IV hypersensitivity? Exposure to causative agent Release of chemical mediators Activation of T-cells Accumulation of macrophages at infection site

Exposure to Causative Agent Activation of T-Cells Release of Chemical Mediators Accumulation of Macrophage at Infection Site

Which antibody level increases during type I hypersensitivity allergy? IgM IgD IgE IgG

IgE

Which type of hypersensitivity is cell-mediated immunity with T-lymphocyte as the reactive cell? Rapid hypersensitivity Delayed hypersensitivity Cytotoxic hypersensitivity Immune complex-mediated hypersensitivity

Immune Complex-Mediated Hypersensitivity

Which event occurs in a type II hypersensitivity reaction? Immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody reacts with host cell membrane. IgE antibody reacts on mast cells with antigen. Antiantibodies react with normal cell-surface receptors. Sensitized T-cells react with antigens and release lymphokines.

Immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody reacts with host cell membrane. Rationale: IgE antibody reacts on mast cells with antigen (type I hypersensitivity) Autoantibodies react with normal cell-surface receptors (type IV hypersensitivity) Sensitized T-cells react with antigen and release lymphokines (type III hypersensitivity)

Which mechanism is involved in type II hypersensitivity reaction? Activation of T-Cells Phagocytosis of self cells Stimulation of thyroid cells Secretion of histamines from mast cells

Phagocytosis of Self Cells Rationale: In type II reactions, an autoantibody is produced against the self cell that contains an antigen or foreign protein on its surface. The self cells are then destroyed by phagocytosis or lysis. Activation of T-Cells take place in delayed hypersensitivity. Stimulation of thyroid cells and secretion of histamines are the mechanisms of type IV and type I hypersensitivities, respectively.

Which is a common trigger for allergic rhinitis? Hay fever Latex gloves Plant pollen Animal dander Dust and molds

Plant Pollen Animal Dander Dust and Molds

Which type of hypersensitivity is anaphylaxis? Rapid hypersensitivity Delayed hypersensitivity Cytotoxic hypersensitivity Immune complex-mediated hypersensitivity

Rapid Hypersensitivity

Which symptom is associated with an anaphylactic reaction? Red blotches Itching and urticaria High blood pressure Diarrhea and vomiting Erythema and angioedema

Red Blotches Itching and Urticaria Erythema and Angioedema

Which assessment finding will the nurse anticipate for a patient with allergic rhinitis? The presence of fever Glowing skin over the sinuses Yellow drainage from the nose Runny nose with itchy, watery eyes

Runny nose with itchy, watery eyes

Which disease can be categorized as an autoimmune disease? Pyelonephritis Cholecystitis Scleroderma Rheumatic fever Goodpasture syndrome

Scleroderma Rheumatic Fever Goodpasture Syndrome

Which item may cause a reaction that reports a history of latex allergy? Pollen Milk products Surgical gloves Legumes and nuts

Surgical Gloves

Which immune cell or component is involved in a type IV hypersensitivity reaction? T-Cells Self cells Antibodies Complement

T-Cells Rationale: These cells release chemical mediators and activate macrophages to kill antigens. Self cells are present in type II cytotoxic reactions when autoantibodies are produced against these cells. The self cell is then destroyed by phagocytosis. Antibodies and complement play no role in type IV hypersensitivity reactions but do in type III immune complex-mediated reactions.

Which type of hypersensitivity may be associated with rhinorrhea? Type I hypersensitivity Type II hypersensitivity Type III hypersensitivity Type IV hypersensitivity

Type I Hypersensitivity