Earth Science Chapter 6 Review Questions
strike
scientists determine the fault by this
surface wave
slowest and most destructive type of earthquake. travels on surface. last wave to arrive
dip
the angle of the fault face downward from the horizontal
joint
when rocks form cracks when they begin to fail
fault
A break in the earth's crust
dip-slip fault
A fault in which the movement is parallel to the dip of the fault.
stress
A force that acts on rock to change its shape or volume
tsunami
A giant wave usually caused by an earthquake beneath the ocean floor.
transform boundary
A plate boundary where two plates move past each other in opposite directions. is also most of the time under water
convergent boundary
A plate boundary where two plates move toward each other.
reverse fault
A type of fault where the hanging wall slides upward
p wave
A type of seismic wave that compresses and expands the ground. first wave to arrive
Seismometer
Instrument used to measure horizontal or vertical motion during an earthquake.
magnitude
Measure of the energy released during an earthquake
epicenter
Point on Earth's surface directly above an earthquake's focus
compression
Stress that squeezes rock until it folds or breaks
tension
Stress that stretches rock so that it becomes thinner in the middle
intensity
The amount of energy per second carried through a unit area by a wave.
focus
The point beneath Earth's surface where rock breaks under stress and causes an earthquake
earthquake
The shaking that results from the movement of rock beneath Earth's surface.
normal fault
a fault in which the hanging wall moves down relative to the footwall
s wave
a seismic wave that causes particles of rock to move in a side-to-side direction. second to arrive
strike-slip fault
a type of fault where rocks on either side move past each other sideways with little up or down motion
strain
any change in shape of a solid under stress
Richter scale
determines magnitude of earthquake
shear
force directed parallel to a surface
