Earth Science Chapter 6 Review Questions

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strike

scientists determine the fault by this

surface wave

slowest and most destructive type of earthquake. travels on surface. last wave to arrive

dip

the angle of the fault face downward from the horizontal

joint

when rocks form cracks when they begin to fail

fault

A break in the earth's crust

dip-slip fault

A fault in which the movement is parallel to the dip of the fault.

stress

A force that acts on rock to change its shape or volume

tsunami

A giant wave usually caused by an earthquake beneath the ocean floor.

transform boundary

A plate boundary where two plates move past each other in opposite directions. is also most of the time under water

convergent boundary

A plate boundary where two plates move toward each other.

reverse fault

A type of fault where the hanging wall slides upward

p wave

A type of seismic wave that compresses and expands the ground. first wave to arrive

Seismometer

Instrument used to measure horizontal or vertical motion during an earthquake.

magnitude

Measure of the energy released during an earthquake

epicenter

Point on Earth's surface directly above an earthquake's focus

compression

Stress that squeezes rock until it folds or breaks

tension

Stress that stretches rock so that it becomes thinner in the middle

intensity

The amount of energy per second carried through a unit area by a wave.

focus

The point beneath Earth's surface where rock breaks under stress and causes an earthquake

earthquake

The shaking that results from the movement of rock beneath Earth's surface.

normal fault

a fault in which the hanging wall moves down relative to the footwall

s wave

a seismic wave that causes particles of rock to move in a side-to-side direction. second to arrive

strike-slip fault

a type of fault where rocks on either side move past each other sideways with little up or down motion

strain

any change in shape of a solid under stress

Richter scale

determines magnitude of earthquake

shear

force directed parallel to a surface


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