Eating Disorders and Obesity

eating disorder

disorders of food ingestion, regurgitation, or an attitude that affect health and well-being, such as anorexia, bulimia, or binge eating

binge

an out-of-control consumption of an amount of food that is far greater than what most people would eat in the same amount of time and under the same circumstances

serotonin

eating disorders linked to neurotransmitter _____ which is known to play in regulation of eating behavior and mood

negative affect

feeling bad; the experience of an emotional state characterized by negative emotions; may work to maintain binge eating

bulimia nervosa

frequent occurrence of binge-eating episodes accompanied by a sense of loss of control of overeating and recurrent inappropriate behavior such as purging or excessive exercise to prevent weight gain

grehlin

hormone produced by the stomach which is an appetite simulator

leptin

key element of homeostatic system; produced by fat cells and acts to reduce our intake of food; giving this to overweight patients doesn't help much bc they generally already have high levels

hypothalamus

key structure at the base of the brain; important in emotion and motivation; plays an important role in eating

restricting anorexia

limit quantity of food consumed

anorexia nervosa

literally means loss of appetite bc of nervousness. intense fear of gaining weight or becoming fat. refusal to maintain even a minimally low body weight.

high rates of __________ can be found in relatives of patients with anorexia, bulimia, and BED

major depressive disorder

antidepressants

many patients respond well to treatment with _______

obesity

the condition of having elevated fat masses in the body; having a bmi of 30 or higher

two main categories of drugs that promote weight loss

1. reduces eating by suppressing appetite 2. prevents some nutrients in food from being absorbed

3 phases of family therapy, Maudsley model

1. refeeding phase 2. negotiations for a new pattern of relationships phase 3. termination phase

anorexia age group

15-19

bulimia age group

20-24

BED age group

30-50

set point

The tendency of our bodies to resist efforts to bring about a marked change (increase or decrease) in weight.

highest death rate of any psychiatric disorder

anorexia nervosa often die from medical complications (1) and suicide (2)

most affective long term treatment for morbidly obese people

bariatric or gastric bypass surgery

in Fijian culture

being skinny is associated with being ugly

family therapy

best choice of therapy now considered for adolescents with anorexia

obesity is more prevalent found in ethnic minorities, esp ______

black women

very effective treatment of choice for bulimia (often used with anorexia as well)

cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT). great results. when added with medication, only gives a little more success. challenges categorizing food into "good" and "bad"

OCD

often found with anorexia nervosa and bulimia

eating disorder not otherwise specified (EDNOS)

patterns of disordered eating that do not fit criteria for any specific diagnoses. most common form of eating disorder in clinical samples.

purge

refers to the removal of food from the body by such means as self-induced vomiting or misuse of laxatives, diuretics, and enemas

OCD and OCPD

relatives of people with anorexia have increase likelihood of ______

alcohol and drug dependence

relatives of people with bulimia have increased likelihood of _______

2 types of anorexia

restricting and binge-eating/purging

bulimia

seems to occur with people who had exposure to Western culture/ideals

binge-eating disorder (BED)

separate from bulimia nonpurging type; not in DSM; binges like patient with bulimia nervosa but doesn't regularly engage in "compensatory" behavior (purging, etc); less dietary restraint; associated with being overweight or even obese; more likely to have overvalued ideas about importance of weight and shape that overweight or obese patients who don't have BED

perfectionism

the need to get things exactly right; personality trait that may increase risk for the development of eating disorders, perhaps because perfectionist people may be more likely to idealize themselves

cognitive-behavioral therapy

therapy based on altering thoughts and cognitive distortions

purging type

type of bulimia that accounts for most cases

difference between bulimia nervosa and binge-eating/purging anorexia nervosa

weight. person w/ anorexia nervosa is severely underweight; not true with bulimia.

majority of people with anorexia, bulimia, and BED

xmajority of people with anorexia, bulimia, and BED have __________