ECPI - NUR164 - Exam 3

Abduction?

Movement away from the midline of the body

Adduction

Movement toward the midline of the body

Describe 3 typical concerns of the nurse advocate.

Nurse advocates preserve human dignity, promote patient equality, & provide freedom from suffering; nurse advocates are liaisons between patients & the doctors treating them

Spiritual practices, including religious beliefs, may dictate ceremonial washings and purifications, sometimes as a prelude to...

prayer or eating

Code of ethics

principles that reflect the primary goals, values, & obligations of the profession

Define value

important professional nursing principles of human dignity, integrity, altruism, & justice that serve as a framework for standards, professional practice, & evaluation

Autonomy

independence; self-determination; being independent & self-governing

Tented skin

indicates dehydration after skin turgor test

Pediculosis

lice infestation

Tonus

normal, partially steady state of muscle contraction; tension, muscle tone

Describe moral distress & ways to promote moral resilience.

- Moral distress occurs when you know the right thing to do but either personal or institutional factors make it difficult to follow the correct course of action. - Moral resilience is the developed capacity to respond well to morally distressing experiences & to emerge strong. - examples: cultivating good relationships, accepting change as a part of life, refusing to view crisis as insurmountable, nurturing a positive view of self & taking care of self, & keeping things in perspective.

Plaque

A deposit of fatty material on the inner lining of an arterial wall; A sticky film that coats teeth & contains bacteria; hardens & becomes difficult to remove; can damage a tooth & lead to tooth decay or tooth loss.

Cheilosis

A disorder of the lips characterized by crack-like sores at the corners of the mouth

Recognize ethical issues as they arise in nursing practice.

- Nursing ethics is a formal study ethical issues that arise in nursing & the analysis used by nurses to make & evaluate ethical judgements; subset of bioethics - Common issues include cost-containment issues that jeopardize patient welfare; beginning & end-of-life decisions; breaches of patient confidentiality; & incompetent, unethical, or illegal practices by colleagues.

Compare & contrast the principle-based & care-based approaches to bioethics

- The principles-based approach to ethics offers specific action guides such as autonomy, beneficence, nonmaleficence, & justice. Other principles highly valued by nurses include fidelity, veracity, accountability, privacy, & confidentiality. - The care-based approach to ethics prioritizes the nurse-patient relationship & directs nurses to respond to the vulnerabilities of patients as well as cultivate virtues such as kindness, attentiveness, empathy, compassion, & reliability.

List the 6 factors affecting personal hygiene

- culture - socioeconomic class - spiritual practices - developmental level - health state - personal preferences

The role of the skeletal system in movement includes...

- supports the soft tissues of the body - protects crucial components of the body - furnishes surfaces for the attachment of muscles, tendons, & ligaments - provides storage areas for minerals & fat - produces blood cells

Altruism

A concern for others; generosity

What is the laissez-faire approach?

Low concern for both task & people, the only truly bad leadership style

Skin turgor

A reflection of the skin's elasticity, measured by monitoring the time it takes for the skin on he back of the hand to return to position after being lightly pinched. Normal turgor is a return to normal contour within a few seconds; if the skin remains elevated (tented) more than a few seconds, turgor is decreased.

Foot drop

A weakness of muscles in the feet & ankles that causes problems with the ability to flex the ankles & walk normally

Personal hygiene

Minimal level of cleanliness & grooming; promotes physical & psychological well-being

Spascity

Abnormal increase in muscle tone

Describe nursing practice that is consistent with the code of ethics for nursing.

Abortion & physician-assisted suicide are 2 examples

___________ is any exercise in which a person must exert force to complete a more

Active exercise

Isotonic exercise

Activity that combines muscle contraction with repeated movement

Passive exercise

Another person moves the client's extremities to keep muscles from atrophying or better the client's range of motion.

A nurse is measuring the apical pulse of a client. Where should she place the diaphragm of her stethoscope in this assessment?

Apical pulse is measured over the apex of the heart; between the 5th & 6th intercostal space on the left midclavicular line

Care-base approach

Approach to bioethics that directs attention to the specific situations of individual patients viewed within the context of their life narrative; taking a look at obligations within the nurse-patient relationship

What is the moralizing mode?

Being taught a complete value system by parents or an institution (church or school) that allows little opportunity for them to weigh different values

Orthopedics

Branch of medicine treating disorders of the skeletal system & tissues related to movement

List 5 common modes of value transmission

Modeling, moralizing, laissez-faire, rewarding & punishing, responsible choice

Caries

Cavities; tooth decay

Identify 4 functions of institutional ethics committees

Chief functions include education, policy making, case review & consultation, quality, & in some cases research; some committees focus on clinical ethics & some focus on organizational ethics

Contractures

Condition of shortening & hardening of muscles, tendons, or other tissue; often leading to deformity & rigidity of joints.

Footdrop

Coomplication resulting from extended plantar flexion; The foot falls down at the ankle; permanent plantar flexion

Flexion

Decreases the angle of a joint; bending a joint

Moral distress

Developed capacity to respond well to morally distressing experiences & to emerge strong

Moral resilience is...

Developed capacity to respond well to morally distressing experiences & to emerge strong

Nonmaleficence

Do no harm; principle of avoiding evil

Beneficence

Doing good

Beneficence

Doing good or causing good to be done; kindly action; principle of doing good

Cerumen

Ear wax

Name the hinge joints?

Elbow, knee, & ankle; also include interphalangeal fingers & toes

Define value system

Entire framework on which actions are based; an organization of values in which each is ranked along a continuum of importance, often leading to a personal code of conduct

_____________ is a situation in which a person has difficulty deciding which of 2 or more conflicting ethical principles to follow.

Ethical dilemma

Knowing the correct actin but being unable to perform it due to constraints is considered...

Ethical distress / aka Moral distress

Passive exercise

Exercise performed on a person by manual or mechanical means; no voluntary muscle contraction occurs; person is unable to move independently

Isometric exercise

Exercises that involve the tightening / contractions of a specific muscle or group of muscles

A nurse is providing care for a client with cancer. The client's spouse requests that the client not be told that the client is terminal. The nurse complies with this request. The nurse's action is a breach of which ethical principle?

Fidelity; loyalty, faithfulness

Tartar

Hard deposit on the teeth near the gum line formed by plaque buildup & dead bacteria; hardened plaque

Integrity

Honesty, high moral standards; an unimpaired condition, completeness, soundness

Autonomy

Independence

Stomatitis

Inflammation of the oral mucosa / mouth

Glossitis

Inflammation of the tongue

Periodontitis

Inflammatory disease of the supporting tissues of the teeth; inflammation of the gums

Use an ethical framework & decision-making process to resolve ethical problems.

Integrity is reflected in professional practice when the nurse is honest & provides care based on an ethical framework that is accepted wi thin the profession

Isokinetic exericise

Isokinetic = same speed Movement at a constant speed regardless of the amount of resistance applied

A client monitoring his BP at home notices that his BP is higher in 1 arm than the other. He calls his health care provider for guidance. What is the most appropriate information for the nurse to give this client?

It has been found that most people have differences in BP between arms & that he should use the arm that gives him the highest reading for accurate results.

Social justice

Justice in terms of the distribution of wealth, opportunities, & privileges within a society.

Fidelity

Keeping promises & commitments made to others

Morals

Like ethics, concerned with what constitutes right action; more informal & personal than the term ethics

Bones of the upper & lower extremities are called...

Long bones

What are the 4 types of bones?

Long bones, short bones, flat bones, & irregular bones

Use values clarification strategies in clinical practice

Nurses can use the process of values clarification to help themselves & patients come to understand their own values & value systems to guide their decision making. Values theorists most often describe the process of valuing as focusing on 3 main activities: 1. Choosing 2. Prizing / treasuring 3. Acting

How do you find the auscultatory gap?

Palpate the brachial or radial pulse while inflating the cuff. Inflate about 30mmHg above the number where palpable pulse disappears. In addition to detecting an auscultatory gap, palpation gives an initial estimate of systolic blood pressure & eliminates the need to inflate the cuff to high pressures in people with normal or low BP.

Paresis

Partial paralysis; weakness

How do you assess capillary refill?

Press nail bed & watch it turn from white back to pink within 2-3 seconds (norm time)

What is value clarification?

Process by which people come to understand their own values & value system; process of self evaluation, helps gain insight into individually held values

Advocacy

Protection & support of another's rights; taking action to influence others to address a health-related concern or to support a health-related belief

Conscientious objection

Refusal to participate in certain types of treatment & care based on the fact that these activities violate the nurse's personal & professional ethical beliefs & standards

Human dignity

Respect for the inherent worth & uniqueness of individuals & populations

Justice

Respecting the rights of others & giving them what is rightfully theirs; fairness, rightfulness

Bones of the wrists & ankles are called...

Short bones

Name the ball-in-socket joints?

Shoulder & hip

The bell of the stethoscope is used for...

Soft, low pitched sounds

Masceration

Softening through liquid; overhydration

What are the functions of the skeletal system?

Support, movement, protection, blood cell production, calcium storage & endocrine regulation

Paralysis

Temporary or permanent loss of motor control

Moral agency

The ability to behave in an ethical way; to do the ethically right thing because it is the right thing to do

Venous return

The amount of blood returned to the heart by the veins

Patient care ergonomics

The practice of designing equipment & work tasks to conform to the capability of the worker in relation to patient care

Ethics

The principles of right & wrong that guide an individual in making decisions

Ethics

The principles of right & wrong that guide an individual in making decisions; moral values

Range of motion

The range through which a joint can be moved; ROM

Ergonomics

The study of workplace equipment design or how to arrange & design devices, machines, or workspace so that people & things interact safely & most efficiently.

Supination

Turning the palm upward

Feminist ethics

Type of ethical approach that aims to critique existing patterns of oppression & domination in society, especially as these affect women & the poor; focuses on the inequality between people

Describe 3 steps in the valuing process

Value theorists most often describe the process of valuing as focusing on 3 main activities: - choosing - prizing / treasuring - acting

Atrophy

Wasting away of a body organ or tissue; any progressive decline or failure; to waste away, especially muscle tissue

Moral injury

an injury that occurs when there has been: - a betrayal of what is right - by someone who holds legitimate authority, or by oneself - in a high-stakes situation.

Halitosis

bad breath

The 1st step in having an ethical conscience is...

being aware of what is right & wrong

Flaccidity

decreased muscle tone; synonym for hypotonicity; limp

Fidelity

faithfulness; loyalty

Alopecia

hair loss

Gingivitis

red, swollen gum margins that bleed easily; inflammation of the gums

Ethical delimma

situation that arises when attempted adherence to basic ethical principles results in 2 conflicting courses of action

A person's _____________ class & __________ resources often define the hygiene options available to that person.

socioeconomic class & financial resources; a lack of funds to obtain toiletries or clean clothing may contribute to an inability to maintain personal hygiene needs

Edentulous

without teeth