EGYPT
CULT TEMPLE
Egyptian Temple for popular worship of the ancient and mysterious gods.
NECROPOLIS
Egyptian architectural form which means city of the dead with elaborate tomb monuments
OBELISK
Egyptian architectural form with a square shaft of stone with a pyramidal top usually monolithic and tapering, usually used as monument in ancient Egypt
PAPYRIFORM (PAPYRUS CAPITAL)
Egyptian capital having the form of, or decorated with papyrus flowers
LOTIFORM
Egyptian capital having the shape of a lotus bud
PALMIFORM
Egyptian capital resembling a palm tree or palm fronds
LOTIFORM
Egyptian capital used in non-secular buildings
CAMPANIFORM
Egyptian capital w/ bell-shaped form Can be either lotus or papyrus
NECROPOLIS
Egyptian city of the dead
HATHOR HEAD
Egyptian column having a capital in the form of the head of Hathor
GRAPE ORNAMENT
Egyptian counterpart of Egg & Dart ornament
CONTINUOUS COIL SPIRAL
Egyptian counterpart of Fret ornament
ROPE & FEATHER
Egyptian counterpart of Guilloche ornament
LOTUS & PAPYRUS
Egyptian counterpart of Honeysuckle ornament
ISIS
Egyptian divine mother who is one of protector-goddesses, protecting coffins and canopic jars
HORUS
Egyptian falcon-headed sky god
OSIRIS
Egyptian god of the underworld and judge of the dead
ISIS
Egyptian goddess of fertility
FRESCO SECCO
Fresco painting on dry plaster
BUON FRESCO
Fresco painting on wet plaster
FUNERARY ART
refers to the art made for the rituals of death
IMHOTEP
The Egyptian God of Medicine
CONTINUOUS COIL SPIRAL
A
BENT PYRAMID
3rd pyramid, built by Seneferu, first attempt at classic shape but made too steep and had to be sloped
BENT PYRAMID
3rd pyramid, built by Seneferu First attempt at classic shape but made too steep and had to be sloped
SCARAB
A beetle shaped ornament. The beetle was sacred to the Egyptians because it represented rebirth.
NECROPOLIS
A cemetery, especially a large one belonging to an ancient Egyptian city.
HYPOSTYLE HALL
A columned hallway which had two rows of tall central columns flanked by rows of shorter columns on either side
HYPOSTYLE HALL
A large room w/ columns found in an Egyptian temple Most of the room is dark except for the centre aisle which was lit by small windows cut into the roof Only the Pharaohs and priests are allowed to enter
PYRAMID
A massive funerary structure of stone or brick w/ a square base and four sloping triangular sides meeting at the apex Used mainly in ancient Egypt
BRICK
A multi-purpose material that was discovered in Mesopotamia and Egypt which changed the face of the building industry.
SPHINX
A mythical Egyptian beast with the body of a lion and the head of a human.
BUON FRESCO
A painting technique in which water-based pigments are applied to a surface of wet plaster.
PYLON
A pair of truncated, pyramidal towers flanking the entrance to an Egyptian temple.
PYRAMIDION
A pyramid shaped block set as the finishing element atop an obelisk
TEMPLE OF RAMESES II INABU-SIMBEL
A rock-cut temple built by Rameses II that is mostly famous for the 4 huge statues of him at the entrance to honor his own memory
EYE OF HORUS
A symbol of Egyptian origin that stands for health, knowledge, and power In addition to health and power, it is also believed to give protection to its bearer. Also known as Wadjet
OBELISK
A tall, four-sided pillar in ancient Egypt that is pointed on top
CULT TEMPLE
An ancient Egyptian temple for the worship of a deity, as distinguished from a mortuary temple.
HIEROGLYPHICS
An ancient Egyptian writing system in which pictures were used to represent ideas and sounds
HIERARCHY OF SCALE
An artistic technique in which the importance of figures is indicated by size, so that the most important figure is depicted as the largest. also called Hieratic Scale
IMHOTEP
Architect to Djoser, who enjoyed the status of a court official and was later deified The 1st recorded artist of Western history
POLYTHEISTIC
Belief in many gods
LOTUS & PAPYRUS
C
GRAPE ORNAMENT
D
FRESCO SECCO
Dry fresco
ROPE & FEATHER
E
FRESCOE
Egg tempera on wet plaster
PERISTYLE
Egyptian open court
TEMPLE
Egyptian place of worship having a post & lintel construction characterized as a forest of columns
RA
Egyptian sun god
AMON-RA
Egyptian supreme god, consisting of a primeval sky-god, and the sun-god.
ANKH
Egyptian symbol for everlasting life
SCARAB
Egyptian symbol for rebirth
EYE OF HORUS
Egyptian symbol that represents protection, healing, good health and royal power
ANKH SCARAB EYE OF HORUS WINGED SUN DISK COBRA LOTUS VULTURE
Egyptian symbols:
MUMMIFICATION
Embalment and drying a dead body and wrapping it as a mummy as preparation for afterlife
LAW OF FRONTALITY
Face must look straight ahead and each side must be exactly like the other, although the hands and feet are in profile; eyes, shoulders in front view
CULT TEMPLE
For popular worship of the ancient Egyptian gods
PAPYRUS BUNDLE
From papyrus, the plant symbolizing lower Egypt suggests the presence of a temple Can have circular or ribbed shafts
MASTABA
Funerary tomb/temple for commoners Later developed into step pyramids which were really ___________________ on top of each other
SETH
God of chaos, storms and violence depicted as a pig and hippopotamus Brother and murderer of Osiris
ANUBIS
God of mummification and embalming
OSIRIS
God of the underworld identified as the dead king Depicted as a mummified king
HATHOR
Goddess of children The cow or the lovely lady, she represents dancing, music, joy, and love. She was shown as a cow to represent motherly love.
IMHOTEP
He is the first recorded architect
CANOPIC JARS
Held four internal organs that were removed during mummification and were placed in the tomb with the mummy
SCARAB
Holy beetle insect that the Egyptians believed was connected to the sun-god Ra Believed to help protect the heart of a deceased Egyptian in the afterlife
PYRAMID
Huge, triangular shaped burial tombs of Egyptian pharaohs
MORTUARY TEMPLE
In Egyptian architecture, a temple erected for the worship of a deceased pharaoh.
KA
In ancient Egypt, the immortal human life force.
AKH
It characterized the soul of a deceased person as an effective entity in the next world
HYPOSTYLE HALL
It is dominated by sandstone columns and on both sides of a central hall, round columns supported two large roof sections. Lining the central hall were 12 higher, larger columns that allowed sections of vertical wall between them to contain slotted stone openings called clerestory windows which allow some light into the interior
CANOPIC JARS
Jars in which the ancient Egyptians preserved the internal organs of a deceased person usually for burial with the mummy.
CHEPHREN
KHAFRE
CHEOPS
KHUFU
ROCK-HEWN TOMB/TEMPLE
Located on cliffs where they cut labyrinth passageways that led to ceremonial and burial chambers which were later replaced by temples
MYCERINUS
MENKAURE
TRIPARTITE DIVISION
Method of dividing the temple into 3 parts
STEP PYRAMID
Midway between the earlier mastaba tombs and the perfected forms at Giza
SPHINX
Molded into a human-headed lion w/ the face representing Khafre A paved open temple is located between its paws
PYLON
Monumental gateway to an Egyptian temple, consisting of a pair of tower structures w/ slanting walls flanking the entrance portal
IMHOTEP
Name of the architect who designed the Step Pyramid of Djoser
PYRAMID OF KHAFRE
One of the Great Pyramids, had mortuary temple and the Great Sphinx
PYRAMID OF KHAFRE
Only surviving Great Pyramid at Giza
FRET
Ornament inspired by Continuous Coil Spiral
EGG & DART
Ornament inspired by Grape Ornament
HONEYSUCKLE
Ornament inspired by Lotus & Papyrus
GUILLOCHE
Ornament inspired by Rope & Feather
BA
Pictured in hieroglyphics as a bird with a human head The part of the soul that could travel between the worlds of the living and the dead
BENT PYRAMID
Pyramid that appears "bent" because its slope changes at the mid-way point
EYE OF HORUS
Stylized representation of the human eye which symbolized protection, good health and royal authority bestowed upon the pharaoh and his people It is known as the udjat from the goddess Wadjet, who is often seen protecting the king and his subordinates
RA
Sun-god of Heliopolis depicted as falcon-headed Supreme judge
AMON-RA
Supreme god of the Egyptians
WINGED SUN DISK
Symbol associated with divinity, royalty and power Form that the god Horus takes into battle
SPHINX
Symbol of protection which guides the Pyramid of Khafre Hewn out of natural limestone w/ the addition of stone blocks
THEOCRACY
System of government in which priests/pharaos rule in the name of God or a god
FRESCO SECCO
Technique of painting on dry plaster with pigments mixed in water.
ROCK-HEWN TOMB/TEMPLE
Temple or a burial chamber that is cut into an existing, naturally occurring rock formation They are usually cut into a cliff or sloping rock face, but may go down from fairly flat ground
IMHOTEP
The architect who was later deified as the god of learning and medicine
FRESCOE
The art form which uses egg tempera on wet plaster:
LAW OF FRONTALITY
The body of the figure in the round must not be twisted in any way. The face must look straight ahead and each side must be exactly like the other although that hand and feet could be in a different position.
AKH
The enduring and unchanging form of the deceased in the afterlife created by the reunion of the ba and the ka.
BENT PYRAMID
The lower part of this type of pyramid was built at an angle of 54 degrees, but the top part clocks in at an angle of 43 degrees
PYLON
The wide entrance gateway of an Egyptian temple, characterized by its sloping walls
HYPOSTYLE HALL
The word means literally "under pillars"
OBELISK
These are tall, tapering, four-sided pillars of egyptian origins, ending in pointed tips called pyramidion
HYPOSTYLE HALL
This hall is located between two gateway structures known as pylons that had been built earlier It also leads to the innermost room of the temple, a sanctum that served as the home of the god Amun-Ra
HYPOSTYLE HALL
This part of the temple is taller, which allowed vertical windows to be cut into the walls above the column but below the ceiling. These windows transferred light into the larger hall, while the surrounding halls were dimly lit
ROCK-HEWN TOMB/TEMPLE
Tomb built along hillsides for mobility, not royalty Later converted into temples
BUON FRESCO
True or wet fresco Pigments are mixed with water and become chemically bound to the freshly laid lime plaster
CANOPIC JARS
Used during embalming to hold organs (liver, intestines, stomach, lungs) for burial w/ the mummy
PYLON
a monumental gateway to an Egyptian temple marked by two flat, sloping walls between which is a smaller entrance
BUON FRESCO
Wet fresco
TEMPLE OF QUEEN HATSHEPSUT
a mortuary temple composed of three large terraces connected to each other by ramps
CLERESTORY WINDOW
a row of windows high up in a temple or church to admit light into the nave
HIGH RELIEF
a sculptural relief in which forms extend out from the background to at least half their depth
HIGH RELIEF
a carved panel where the figures project with a great deal of depth from the background
PERISTYLE
a colonnade surrounding a building or enclosing an Egyptian open courtyard
TEMPLE OF AMON-RA IN KARNAK
a cult temple that boasts of a hypostyle hall w/ 134 freestanding columns in 16 rows the site is built by a sacred lake
STEP PYRAMID OF DJOSER
a famous architectural example of a step pyramid
MASTABA
a low, flat-roofed Egyptian tomb for the commoners w/ sides sloping down to the ground
PERISTYLE
a many-columned colonnade around an OPEN courtyard
TRIPARTITE DIVISION
a method of visually organizing a structure by dividing it up into three sections
PYRAMIDION
a small pyramid such as the pyramid shaped termination of an Egyptian obelisk
HIERARCHY OF SCALE
a system of representation that expresses a person's importance by the size of his or her representation in a work of art
HIEROGLYPHICS
a system of writing w/ picture-symbols which allowed history to be written
MORTUARY TEMPLE
a temple dedicated to a dead person and not to a god. Usually only pharaohs had these Many started their construction during their lifetime.
ANKH
an Egyptian symbol of eternal life
MASTABA
an ancient Egyptian mudbrick tomb with a rectangular base and sloping sides and flat roof in time it grew larger and later developed into the stepped pyramid
MASTABA
an early form of pyramid
TEMPLE OF AMON-RA IN KARNAK
an example of a cult temple
TEMPLE OF QUEEN HATSHEPSUT
an example of a mortuary temple
TEMPLE OF RAMESES II IN ABU-SIMBEL
an example of a rock-hewn temple
SPHINX
an imaginary creature with a human head and the body of a lion which is also a monument of the vast burial ground of the pyramid
FUNERARY ART
any work of art forming, or placed in, a repository for the remains of the dead.
TRIPARTITE DIVISION
break into three parts or the "rule of three" 3 is a sacred number for temples
SARCOPHAGUS
carved, stone coffin in which the linen-wrapped mummy was placed
LOW RELIEF
carving in which the design stands out only slightly from the background surface
NECROPOLIS
city of Mastabas
MORTUARY TEMPLE
dedicated to the worship of the dead pharaoh as a god
STEP PYRAMID OF DJOSER
first pyramid ever built it is a pyramid built to house the Ka of King Djoser
BA
for the Egyptians, it is everything that makes an individual unique, similar to the notion of 'personality'
KA
for the Egyptians, the body must be preserved if the soul or _____ is to live on in the beyond using the same body
THEOCRACY
government in which the Pharaoh is thought to be a god
YELLOW, MEDIUM
hierarchy color & size of Egyptian females in paintings
RED, LARGE
hierarchy color & size of Egyptian males in paintings
BLUE, LARGEST
hierarchy color & size of Egyptian pharaohs in paintings
BLACK, SMALL
hierarchy color & size of Egyptian slaves in paintings
PYRAMIDION
it refers to the pyramid-shaped block on the top of an obelisk.
SPHINX
mythical beast of ancient Egypt, frequently symbolizing the pharaoh as an incarnation of the sun god Ra
STEP PYRAMID OF DJOSER
oldest pyramid in Egypt
HYPOSTYLE HALL
part of Egyptian temple where it contains a double row of columns higher than the others
SANCTUARY
part of the Egyptian temple where it contains a small shrine which was used as receptacle for the small statue of a god
PERISTYLE
part of the Egyptian temple where people congregate in an open courtyard before entering the main hall
SANCTUARY
part of the Egyptian temple which contains the shrine where the statue of the god or goddess was kept
PYLON PERISTYLE HYPOSTYLE HALL SANCTUARY
parts of an Egyptian temple plan:
POLYTHEISTIC
religion of the Egyptians
FORMALIZED ART
rules for the portrayal of human figure
LOW RELIEF
sculptural relief that projects very little from the background; also called bas-relief
LAPIS LAZULI
stone of heaven/gods
PYRAMID OF KHUFU
the biggest of the Great Pyramids at Giza
KHUFU KHAFRE MENKAURE
the great pyramids of Giza:
SANCTUARY
the most special and important part of the Egyptian temple only the Pharaohs and priests are allowed to enter
HYPOSTYLE HALL
the only area in an Egyptian temple where clerestory windows are located a large interior room characterized by many closely spaced columns that support its roof
HYPOSTYLE HALL
the pillared hall in the Egyptian temple
MUMMIFICATION
the preservation of dead bodies by embalming and wrapping them in cloth
PYRAMID OF MENKAURE
the smallest of the Great Pyramids at Giza
AKH
the transfigured spirit that survived death and mingled with the gods
SANCTUARY
the treasury of the Egyptian temple
STEP PYRAMID
type of pyramid composed of a series of mastabas, each smaller, and stacked on top of each other built of fairly small limestone blocks, much smaller than those used later at Giza
STEP PYRAMID
type of pyramid with sides that rise in giant steps
MASTABA NECROPOLIS PYRAMID OBELISK TEMPLE
types of Egyptian architecture:
PALMIFORM LOTIFORM PAPYRIFORM (PAPYRUS CAPITAL) PAPYRUS BUNDLE CAMPANIFORM HATHOR HEAD VOLUTE
types of Egyptian capitals:
CONTINUOUS COIL SPIRAL ROPE & FEATHER LOTUS & PAPYRUS GRAPE ORNAMENT
types of Egyptian ornaments:
MORTUARY CULT ROCK-HEWN
types of Egyptian temple:
BUON FRESCO FRESCO SECCO
types of frescoes:
STEP BENT STRAIGHT
types of pyramids:
LOW RELIEF HIGH RELIEF
types of relief carving:
-AS ORNAMENT -AS RECORD OF HISTORY -AS VENERATION TO THE GODS
uses of Egyptian art:
CLERESTORY WINDOW
windows on upper part of the temple that allow small amounts of light that enhanced the effect of shadows