Egyptian Civilization

The body of the ____ year old "King Tut" had been placed in a solid-_____ coffin. He was only a ____ king

18, gold, minor

Amenhotep IV devoted his life to the worship of a minor god and took the name of _________

Akhenaton

According to the Ancient Egyptians, who was the great lord of the gods?

Amon Re

By the Middle Kingdom, Egyptians associated Re with another god, ______, and called him lord of the gods ____ _____

Amon, Amon Re

During the Middle Kingdom, Egyptians prayed to a supreme god named Amon-Re. Around 1380 B.C., pharaoh Amenhotep IV tried to replace ______-______ with a minor god named Aton. He changed his own name to Akhenaton, mean- ing "he who serves _____."

Amon, Re, Aton

To surive the dangerous journey through the underworld, Egyptians relied on the ___ of the ____. It contained spells, charms and formulas for the dead to use

Book, Dead

Paper was invented in ______

China

_______ also performed complex surgical operations which we know about today because they are described on _____ scrolls.

Doctors, papyrus

Foreign conquests brought riches to ______ which in turn meant more business for ______

Egypt, artisans

a system in which symbols or pictures represent objects, or sounds

Hieroglyphics

pictures that represent objects, concepts or sounds

Hieroglyphics

Most Egyptians related more to the god _______ and the goddess ______, whose story touched human emotions, such as love and jealousy

Osiris, Isis

Most Egyptians worshipped the god ______. He judged souls in the afterlife. His wife, the goddess Isis, was also popular. The Egyptians also learned to preserve bodies by __________, or embalming and wrapping in cloth. This was so the soul could return to the body in the afterlife.

Osris, mumification

A plant that grows along the bank of the Nile

Papyrus

During the Old Kingdom, Egyptians worshipped a sun god named_____

Re

Flat, black stone which presents the demotic script, and Greek

Rosetta Stone

flat black stone that presents the same passage carved in hieroglyphics, demotic script, and Greek

Rosetta Stone

According to mythology, Osiris ruled Egypt until his jealous brother, ____, killed him. Set then cut Osiris into _______, which he tossed all over ______. Isis _______ his body and brought him back to life. Because Osiris could no longer rule over the living, he became god of the ____ and judge of _____ seeking ____ to the afterlife.

Set, pieces, Egypt, reassembled, dead, souls, admission

How did Osiris' wife, Isis, resurrect him from death?

She reassembled the pieces of his body

Folk tales were popular, especially the ______ of ______. It relates the wanderings of Sinuhe, who fled to Syria. This tale helps us see how Egyptians viewed themselves and the people of the surrounding _____

Tale, Sinuhe, desert

What did Egyptians rely on for information on the afterlife?

The Book of the Dead

Popular Folk tale which relates the wanderings of Sinuhe, an Egyptian official forced to flee into what is now Syria

The Tale of Sinyhe

According to the ancient Egyptians, what happed to sinners after death?

They had to pass a test to win eternal life

Which Egyptian's tomb offered a great number of remains and treasures that helped scholars learn about Egyptian civilization?

Tutankhamen's

In 1922, Howard Carter unearthed the tomb of the young pharaoh __________, who was the son-in law of Akhenaton. His tomb has remained untouched for more than _____ years.

Tutankhamen, 3,000

Many nobles were buried in the ____ of the ____. Their tombs, which were filled with treasures, were a great temptation to _____

Valley, Kings, robbers

Some human figures have ____ _____ that represent spiritual qualities

animal heads

Isis had a special ______ for women, who believed that she first taught women to grind corn, spin flax, _____ cloth and care for _____

appeal, weave, children

Egyptian ______ has lasted thousands of years. These ancient people created monuments, statues, wall paintings, and other objects. Ancient Egyptian _________ includes hymns, love poems, and folk tales.

artwork, literature

Egyptians developed a ______ that included 12 months of ____ days as well as ____ days added at the end of each year

calendar, 30, 5

Egypt had it's own ___ ____. The pharaoh occupied the highest level then ____ officials, high priests, merchants, scribes, _____. The Bottom layer was the largest (____ who worked the land)

class system, government, artisans, farmers

Those Osiris judged to be sinners would be fed to the ____-shaped Eater of the ______. Worthy souls would enter the ___ ____ of _____, where they would live forever in bliss.

crocodile, dead, Happy Field, Food

Mummification is the preservation of what?

dead bodies

figuring the meaning of

deciphering

Egyptians believed that after life would be much like life on _____. Therefore, they buried their dead with all of their ____

earth belongings

Egyptians believed that Osiris and Isis had promised them ____ life after death

eternal

Isis promised the ______ that they would have ____ after death

faithful, life

However, in the early 1800s, Frenchman Jean Champollion deciphered, or _______ out, the carvings on the Rosetta Stone. This stone had three forms of the same passage written in hieroglyphics, demotic, and Greek. By comparing _______, which he knew, to the other passages, Champollion was able to decode the hieroglyphics.

figured, Greek

Osiris controlled the annual ____ that made the land ______

floods, fertile

Egyptian scholars developed ____ in order to survey the land

geometry

Religious beliefs about _____, values, and life after _____ affected the daily lives of ancient Egyptians

gods, death

Egyptian women enjoyed a higher status and ___ ____ than women elsewhere in the ancient world

greater independence

Egyptians also invented ____ writing, a simpler script for every day use. It was a ____ form of writing created by simplifying the shapes of the hieroglyphs. Over time it was replaced by _____ writing.

hieratic, simpler, demotic

What was the name of the Egyptian writing system?

hieroglyphics

The Rosetta Stone presents the same passage carved in _______, demotic script and Greek, which allowed a _____ scholar to decipher the meanings of many hieroglyphs.

hieroglyphics, french

The Egyptians used _____ to record important economic, administrative, and royal informations. Often, priests and scribes carved hieroglyphs in ____

hieroglyphics, stone

After ancient Egypt declined, the learnings of ancient _____ were lost

hieroglyphs

Women's work was not confined to _______. Women manufactured _____ and textiles, managed farming estates and served as _______. Women could also enter ______, especially in the services of goddess. Few women learned to _____ and ______. They were not allowed to be _____ or have ______ jobs

home, perfume, doctors, priesthood, read, write, scribes, government

The oldest Egyptian literatures includes ____ and prayers to gods, proverbs, and ___ poems

hymns, love

The pharaohs, whom Egyptians viewed as gods, as well as _____, were believed to receive their right to rule from _____-____

kings, Amon Re

Egyptians believed in various types of ______. They learned a great deal about ______, astronomy, and ________. They also became skilled at observing ______ and finding ___

magic, math, medicine, symptoms, cure

Trade offered new opportunities to the grow ___ class

merchant

Much of what we know about Egyptian religions comes from inscriptions on _______ and wall _____ in tombs

monuments, paintings

the preservation of dead bodies by emerging them and wrapping them in cloth

mummification

At first, mummification was a privilege for rulers and _____. Eventually ordinary people won the right to ____ their dead, including pets

nobles,mummify

The Egyptians learned to make paper like writing material from ____, a plant that grows along the bank of the Nile

papyrus

Most Egyptians were ____ _____. Many were also ____

peasant farmers, slaves

In the off-season, peasant men were expected to serve the _______, laboring to build palaces, ____ and tombs. Besides working in the fields, women also spent most of their time caring for ______, collecting ___ and preparing food

pharaohs, temples, children, water

Women could inherit ______, enter business ____, buy and sell ______, got to _____, and obtain ______

property, deals, goods, court, divorces

Ancient Egyptians made lasting contributions to civilization in many fields. Their ______, writing, art, science, and ______ have interested people for thousands of years.

reading, literature

However, priests, nobles, and peasants turned against Akhenaton's _________ changes, and his radical ideas failed

revolutionary

Egyptians also made advances in ______ and math. Doctors identified illnesses and performed surgeries. They prescribed _________—some of which are still used today. Priest- astronomers studied stars and planets and created a _____-month calendar. Egyptian mathematicians developed basic _____

science, medicines, 12, geometry

What were among the few occupations closed to women?

scribes and government jobs

Learned _____ played a central role in Egyptian society. Some kept records of ceremonies, ______ and gifts. Others served government officials or _____. Scribes required skills in _______, medicine and engineering. A scribe from a poor family might become ____ and powerful

scribes, taxes, pharaohs, mathematics, rich

Amenhotep IV worshiped Aton and took the name Akhenaton, meaning "he who ______ _______."

serves Aton

Men and women spent their days working the _____ or repairing _____

soil, dikes

To survive the dangerous journey through the underworld, Egyptians relied on the Book of the Dead, which contained _________, charms, and formulas.

spells

The arts of ancient Egypt included _____, wall paintings, tombs, and _____ on temples

statues, carvings

Statues often showed people in _____, ____ position

stiff, statue

In the sun-drenched land of Egypt, the chief god was the ___ _____

sun god

Re was the name of a _____ god worshipped during the Old Kingdom. Amon-Re was a combination of Re and another god, Amon. Amon-Re was the great ______ of the gods.

sun, lord

The Egyptians believed that each soul had to pass a ____ to win ___ _____ First: The dead soul would be ferried across a lake of ____ to the hall of ______ Second: The dead person's heart would be ____ against the feather of _____

test, eternal life, weighed, truth

What discovery helped scholars to understand the meaning of hieroglyphs?

the Rosetta Stone

During the New Kingdom, social classes became more fluid as _____ and _____ increased

trade, warfare

The tomb of pharaoh Tutankhamen held _____ that have provided scholars a ______ of evidence about Egyptian civilization.

treasures, wealth

Osiris was important, not only because he was the ruler of the ______, but he was also the god of the _____

underworld, Nile

Scribes used one of the world's earliest forms of ____ to record information and scholar and artists made advances in science, ____, literature

writing, art

Ancient Egyptians made advances in ______. Their first writing, hieroglyphics, used symbols and pictures. They later used a script system called demotic. The Egyptians also invented a material to write on, made from _______ plants. After ancient Egypt declined, the meaning of the writing was lost.

writing, papyrus