EMT Midterm
What is the term used for failure to provide the same care that a person with similar training would provide?
Negligence
When caring for a 65-year-old male with respiratory distress, you place him in a comfortable position, but do not apply oxygen. The patient's condition continues to deteriorate and he develops cardiac arrest and dies at the hospital. This scenario is an example of:
Negligence
You and your partner George arrive on scene to find a teenage boy who has suffered blunt trauma to his spine that has resulted in his apparent paralysis as well as a state of shock. From which type of shock is he likely suffering?
Neurogenic
The type of shock that results from vasomotor paralysis below the level of spinal cord injury resulting in increased peripheral vascular resistance
Neurogenic shock
What physics law describes Kinemics?
Newton's Law
You should ventilate a patient with a bag valve mask (ambu bag) _______________
With only as much ventilation needed to adequately provide adequate chest rise
How long should a rapid physical exam take?
60-90 seconds
What is the term used to describe a severe allergic reaction?
Anaphylactic shock
What makes up the central nervous system?
Brain and spinal cord
A medication commonly prescribed for the patient with a history of breathing problems is a(n)
Bronchodilator
You arrive on the scene of a patient who fell from a ladder. Which of the following information is NOT an important factor in care of the patient?
Height of the ladder
What is the term used to describe blood pooling that has collected within damaged tissue or cavity in the body?
Hematoma
The term for weakness on one side of the body is
Hemiparesis
What is the term used to describe blood in pleural space?
Hemothorax
Another name for shock is_______
Hypoperfusion
Your 22 year old patient is hyperventilating. Her pulse ox is 99%, pulse of 112, blood pressure 134/82 with a respiratory rate of 26. What happens to the gases within the lung during hyperventilation?
Hyporcarbia
Your 66 year old male patient has a respiratory rate of 14 but is taking shallow breaths due to a possible rib fracture. What term describes your patients breathing pattern?
Hypoventilation
What type of shock is associated with an excessive amount of blood loss?
Hypovolemic shock
Inadequate breathing or inadequate blood circulation can cause
Hypoxia.
Your patient has an initial blood pressure of 80/40. Is this an early or late stage of shock?
Late stage
Which quadrant is your appendix located?
RLQ
Which quadrant is the largest portion of your liver located?
RUQ
You are transporting a trauma patient, and notice their condition starts to deteriorate. What do you do?
Reassess your patient
The cause of shock can be broken down into three categories. They are?
Poor cardio function, fluid loss, vessel dilation
Regarding the electrical conduction system of the hearts; where does the most distal electrical conduction impulse occur?
Purkinje fibers
The lateral recumbent position is also known as the _____ position.
Recovery
You come across an unconscious 14 year old patient with apparent head injuries. He is breathing with a weak pulse. How would you categorize this patient?
Red
What is the term used to describe a radiating pain that is felt at a location away from the point of origin?
Referred pain
You are triaging four patients who are involved in a head-on motor vehicle crash. Which of the following patients should be assigned the highest triage category?
a 49-year-old female with diabetes and difficulty breathing
A situation in which a person exhibits actions that are unacceptable to the patient, family, or community is known as
a behavioral emergency
An elderly patient has fallen in hit her head. Her level of consciousness is unresponsive using the AVPU scale. Your initial care should focus on
airway breathing and circulation
Because of its similarity to a heart attack, a stroke is also referred to as a
brain attack
While assessing a young male who was struck in the chest with a steel pipe, you note that his pulse is irregular. You should be most suspicious for:
bruising of the heart muscle
When dealing with chemical burns, the EMT should remember that dry chemicals should be
brushed away before irrigating
The external and water tight part of the skin is called?
epidermis
What layer of the skin forms a watertight, protective seal of the body?
epidermis
The three layers of the skin include the
epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous tissue
The chronic brain disorder that is characterized by recurrent seizures is called
epilepsy
What should you do when a child victim has a pulse of more than 60/min but is not breathing?
Give breaths without chest compressions.
Oropharyngeal airways can be used on unconscious patients, except those who
Have a gag reflex.
You respond to a 18 year old female who suddenly developed severe Epistaxis. How would you manage emergency care for this patient?
Have her sit down and learn forward, and pinch the nose
Which is the most important method to protect yourself from exposure during a WMD call?
Scene safety
You continue to triage patients and notice a 31 year old male patient with a broken ankle and a two inch laceration to his left hand. What category would you place this patient?
Yellow
You are standing by at the scene of a hostage situation when the incident commander advises you that one of the personnel has been shot. The patient is lying supine and open area and is not moving. As a SWAT team escort you to the patient, you should:
grab him by the cloths and immediately move him to safety
A burn that encircles a body area such as the chest, an arm, or a leg is called
circumferential
Signs and symptoms of early shock are:
clammy skin, elevated pulse, and confusion
The period of a seizure when muscles spasm and then relax, producing violent and jerky activity, is called the
clonic phase
The bones of the upper extremities include all of the following except the
femur
All of the following are signs and symptoms of a neurological deficit resulting from nontraumatic brain injury except
fever
What is the term used describing the relationship between the humerus and radius bones?
the radius is distal to the humerous
You arrive on scene with your partner Kevin to find a seven year old boy unconscious after being dragged from the water. He is not breathing and has no pulse. CPR in this case should be performed at?
15:2 compression to ventilation ratio
How much blood volume does an average size (175lbs) adult have?
6 liters
A flail segment occurs
with fracture of two or more ribs in two or more places
A state of painful uneasiness about impending problems is called
Anxiety
You arrive on scene to find a 88 year old male unconscious and not breathing. You assess his pulse and determine that it is absent. You start CPR. Describe your patients breathing status upon initial assessment?
Apneic
A condition characterized by inflammation of the appendix is called?
Appendicitis
You arrive on scene to find a 78 year old male in the tripod position using pursed lip breathing. Respiratory rate is 26 and labored, pulse 114, blood pressure 144/76, SpO2 93% with slight cyanosis around lips. He is on home oxygen at 2lpm. How much oxygen would you administer to your emphysema patient?.
Apply 100% non rebreather
You are dispatched to an arterial bleed. You initially apply direct pressure with gauze over the laceration. Direct pressure does not stop the bleed and the blood is soaking through your initial gauze. What is your next intervention to help stop bleeding?
Apply additional gauze over the existing gauze and elevate the arm
You arrive on scene of a car vs. train. You gain access to the driver. You notice that he his unconscious with bilateral below the knee amputations. Bleeding is excessive. How would you control bleeding?
Apply bilateral tourniquets
What is the function of the left atrium?
it receives oxygenated blood from the lungs
While working in the treatment area during a mass casualty incident, a yellow tagged patient states that he is feeling better. His vital signs are stable. You should:
keep him in the treatment area and monitor him
Substance abuse is most accurately defined as:
knowingly misusing a substance to produce the desired effect
An EMT who notices that his hands are red and itchy after a call may be experiencing an allergic reaction to
latex gloves
You are dispatched to a residence for a young female who was kicked in the abdomen by her boyfriend. While in route to the scene, you should ask the dispatcher if:
law enforcement is at the scene
An 81-year-old female fell and struck her head. You find the patient lying on her left side. She is conscious and complaints of neck and upper back pain. As you are assessing her, you note that she has a severely kyphotic spine. What is the most appropriate method of mobilizing this patient?
leave her on her side and use blanket rolls to mobilize her to the long board
When administering emergency medical care to a burn patient, clothing that has adhered to a burned area should be
left in place after cutting around the adhered area
If the possible stroke emergency patient is unable to protect her own airway because of a reduction in her mental status, she should be placed in what position?
left lateral recumbent
A 44-year-old construction worker fell approximately 28 feet. He is unconscious and unresponsive with shallow, slow respirations. After completing a rapid assessment and care for this immediately life-threatening condition, your priority should be:
package the patient and rapidly transport
Any event that places excessive demands on emergency response personnel and equipment is called a
multiple-casualty incident
When caring for a 65-year-old male with respiratory distress, you place him in a comfortable position, but do not apply oxygen. Patient condition continues to deteriorate and he develops cardiac arrest and dies at the hospital this scenario is an example of:
negligence
If a patient is experiencing breathing difficulty but is breathing adequately, he or she should be placed in a
position of comfort
A 39-year-old male sustained a large laceration to his leg during an accident with a chainsaw and is experiencing signs and symptoms of shock. You should:
take appropriate BSI precautions
Altered mental status and the inability to speak or feel sensation or move are all signs and symptoms of
neurological deficit.
Pertinent negatives are very important when delivering vital patient information to the hospital during transport. Which is an example of a permanent negative when transporting your 38-year-old male patient involved in a motor vehicle accident?
no loss of consciousness
The major focus in emergency care of the nontraumatic patient with no history of diabetes and a loss of speech, sensory, or motor function is to provide the patient with:
oxygen
You are ventilating a patient the tracheostomy; however, there is air escaping from the mouth and nose. To prevent this, you should:
seal the mouth and nose
You respond to an assault, upon arrival you find a 33 year old male patient who was hit in the chest with a golf club. He presents with; jugular venous distension, respiratory distress, and hypotension. What do you suspect as the injury?
tension pneumothorax
The unit responsible for distributing the medical materials and equipment necessary to render care is called the _____ unit.
supply
A sudden and temporary loss of consciousness is called
syncope.
What is the formula to calculate the pulse pressure?
systolic blood pressure minus diastolic blood pressure
A possible side effect from a prescribed inhaler is
tachycardia
What is not a part of the upper airway?
Bronchioles
Anatomic differences in a child's respiratory system can make openings and maintaining the airway a difficult and challenging process. Which of the following choices correctly states some of the problems an solutions associated with these anatomical differences
A child's tongue is larger and takes up considerably more room in the mouth. using a tongue depressor to hold the tongue down while inserting an OPA without rotating it will be more effective then techniques used in adults
Which vessel carries blood away from the heart?
Arteries
Normal Respiratory rate in an adult is?
12-20
What is the normal respiratory rate for adults?
12-20
Your patient is having an allergic reaction. You decide to administer epinephrine. What is the standard adult dose for epinephrine 1:1000
0.3mg
A fall greater than ______ would be considered a significant mechanism of injury in a patient under the age of 8.
10 feet
Dispatch reports a Jet Ski collision on a local lake. The reporting party says the two guys are in the water floating face down and one of their buddies just jumped off the boat to help them. When you arrive on scene the boat has just brought two unconscious men to shore and CPR and rescue breathing are in progress. The first man has a pulse but is not breathing. The second man does not have a pulse and is apneic. What ventilation rate will you use for the first man? What about the second man?
10-12 ventilations per minute for the first man and 6 ventilations per minute and 100 compressions for the second man
Tachycardia is when the heart beats faster then?
100 times/minute
A woman cleaning a gas stove has suffered a burn to her entire head and one of her arms. According to the rules of nines, what percent of the body is burned?
18 percent
How slowly should you deflate the cuff while obtaining a blood pressure?
2-4 mmHg/second
How many bones are in the body?
206
A four-year-old female pulled a pot of boiling water from the stove. She has superficial and partial thickness burns to her head and anterior trunk. What percentage of her body surface area has been burned?
36%
Both arms and both legs of an infant have first degree burns. According to the rules of nines, what percent of the body is burned
46 percent
You respond to a domestic disturbance where the scene has been secured by police. You are treating a woman in her 30's for facial contusion when your partner brings in a 12 month old baby from the bedroom with bad sunburn over the head and both legs. According to the rules of nines, what percent of the body is burned?
46 percent
You are transporting an unconscious patient. How often should you check their vitals?
5 minutes
You arrive on scene to find an unconscious 34 year old male. You palpate the radial pulse but it is absent. You are able to palpate a strong carotid pulse. What is your patient's approximate systolic blood pressure?
60-70mmhg
You contact medical control to request an albuterol order for your 17 year old asthmatic patient. The physician has authorized you to deliver one treatment now and two additional albuterol treatments every 5-10 minutes as needed. How many milligrams would be administered if all three treatments were given?
7.5mg
You are dispatched to a man down. Upon arrival you find a 30 year old unconscious male. You palpate a strong radial pulse. What is his approximate systolic blood pressure?
80mmhg
When the liter flow on a bag-valve mask unit is set at 15 liters per minute, what is the approximate concentration of oxygen delivered to the patient?
90-100%.
Normal capillary refill is?
< 2 seconds
Most commonly; the signs and symptoms of a transient ischemic attack last for approximately
<24 hours
You and your partner Jim arrive on scene to an unknown injury/accident involving a 45 year old male. When you make patient contact, there are two physicians attending to the patient who inform you that the patient is in a postictal state. What are they assuming happened to the patient?
A Seizure
Your patient is a 16-year old male, who fell approximately 15 feet. This call should be considered:
A significant mechanism of injury
Stimulation of the back of a patient's throat when suctioning may cause
A slowed heart rate.
What is the term used to describe simple scrapes and scratches in which the outer layer of skin is damaged but not all layers?
Abrasions
EMT's can determine someone dead based on all of the following conditions Except
Absent pulse upon arrival, warm skin, witnessed event
Your patient is a two year old male who had a witnessed seizure according to family members. The child does not have a history of seizures. Your assessment reveals and alert baby, hot to touch, heart rate of 130, respiratory rate 30, SPO2 100%, blood pressure 78/40, and a temperature of 104 degrees F. What medication should the EMT administer to this patient?
Acetaminophen suppository
Medical Control authorizes you to administer one albuterol treatment now and may repeat twice en route for your 22 year old female asthma patient. Prior to the initial administration her breath sounds were wheezing bilaterally. After administration of the first albuterol treatment her wheezes subsided and breath sounds are now decreased. What is your next intervention?
Administer another albuterol treatment
All of the following effect the level of nuclear exposure to an individual except?
Age
You arrive on scene to find a 22 year old asphyxiation injury stemming from a hanging. You cut the rope and gently guide your patient to the ground. You use a modified jaw thrust to open the airway and observe gasping, shallow, inconsistent respirations at a rate of four. What medical term best describes his breathing pattern?
Agonal breathing
What is a life threatening condition where air enters an open neck wound?
Air embolism
You arrive at the scene of a fall, where a 42-year-old woman fell backward off a step-ladder while cleaning windows in her kitchen. She is lying on the floor complaining of pain to her ankle. She tells you, "If I had just gone to work today instead of using vacation time, this never would have happened!" Based on information thus far, which one of the following can you conclude?
Airway is patent airway, patient is alert and orientated
Your patient is having difficulty breathing, heart rate of 110; face appears swollen with red hives on chest. What is this patient experiencing?
Allergic reaction
You and your partner Jen arrive on scene to find a man with lacerations across his neck, most likely exposing open veins. This patient is in danger of what?
An air embolism
You are assessing a 30-year-old female who presents with respiratory distress and tachycardia after she opened a package that was delivered to her home. The patient tells you that there was a fine white powder on the package, but she didn't think anything of it. The patient most likely exposed to:
Anthrax
You are dispatched to a baseball field for a female baseball player who got hit in the head with a fastball. Upon assessment, you find a 19 year old dazed and confused with a large hematoma over the left eye. She never lost consciousness but states she feels dizzy. There is no obvious bleeding. How would you treat this patient?
Apply ice with a barrier such as a towel between ice and skin
If you were controlling an arterial bleed with pressure over the brachial artery, where would this bleed be located?
Arm
Which of the following is usually the most dangerous?
Arterial bleed
All of the following are part of the musculoskeletal system except
Arteries
You are assessing a 45 female who appears depressed. She states that seems as though her entire world is crashing down around her. She further states that she has had frequent thoughts of suicide, but is not sure if she can actually go through with it. How should you manage a situation?
Asked the patient if she has developed a suicide plan
What is the term used for unlawfully placing a person in fear of immediate bodily harm without consent?
Assault
What is the first assessment an EMT should make when approaching any scene?
Assure the scene is safe
What open tissue injury has characteristics such as a flap of skin or tissue are torn loose or completely removed
Avulsion
Which of the following is considered a critical burn?
Burns associated with respiratory injury
You and your partner Bill respond to a call of a woman suffering from a laceration to the left anterior forearm, which is all the way through to the ulna. It is spurting bright red blood. What type of pressure point should you use to control the bleed?
Brachial
What is the name of the test which assesses spinal cord damage by observing dorsiflexion of great toe with or without fanning of toes?
Babinski's sign
You respond to the home of a 24 year old female. She has a black and blue left eye and a small cut to her lip. She is withdrawn and avoids eye contact. Her husband states that she fell into the coffee table. Her pulse is 110, respiration 18, pulse ox 98%. She does not want to be transported to the hospital. What might be the underlying condition?
Battered spouse
If a patient refuses treatment and an EMT treats the patient anyway, what crime can the EMT be charged with?
Battery
Term used for unlawful touching of somebody.
Battery
Because the oropharyngeal airway (OPA) is likely to stimulate the patient's gag reflex, the rescuer should
Be prepared to suction.
What actions would you take if your patient becomes apneic?
Begin Bag Valve Mask ventilations (ambu)
Your 87 year old emphysema patient becomes unresponsive in his bed after you apply a non rebreather mask to him. You determine that he is not breathing. What is your next intervention?
Begin bag valve mask ventilations with 100% oxygen
A two year old boy was pulled from a house fire and handed to you. His weak shallow breathing necessitates assisted ventilation. You put him on high flow oxygen assisted bag valve mask at approximately 18 breaths per minute. After ten minutes of transport, the child's pulse is absent. What should you do next?
Begin chest compression
Dispatch has reported a possible heart attack and bystanders are performing CPR. A forty six tear old female was mowing her lawn when neighbors saw her fall straight to the ground. You arrive to find two people performing what appears to be effective CPR. According to the AHA, what should you do after taking BSI precautions?
Briefly question rescuers about arrest events-turn on AED-attach to patient
You are transporting a male psych patient to a local hospital for evaluation. Vital signs are stable. He is resting comfortably on the stretcher then starts to yell because you are looking at him. He then calms down and talks to you. Two minutes later he starts yelling again at the driver because he took a corner too fast. Then he calms down for a bit the starts screaming because it's too hot in the back of the ambulance. What disorder is he experiencing?
Bipolar
All of the following are contraindications for the use of a Pneumatic Anti-shock Garment (PASG) Except:
Blood pressure less then 90mmhg
By definition what is cyanosis?
Bluish discoloration of the skin
When placing a tourniquet over the left humorous what artery are you trying to occlude?
Brachial
Which artery do we palpate for an unconscious infant?
Brachial
All of the following are common causes of seizures except
Lactose
You and your partner Larry arrive on scene to find a man who has fallen from a ladder. He says as the ladder was falling he jumped off and landed on his feet. You estimate the distance he fell as 13 feet. This man most likely has injuries to the?
Calcaneus
You and your partner, Meagan, are the first to arrive on scene of a 3 vehicle collision on a busy section of a state highway. All three vehicles are blocking the east bound lane and a few of the patients have gotten out of their cars. Cars and semi-trucks are continuing to pass the wreckage using the east bound lane. What are you going to do next?
Call for additional medical help and traffic control assistance
You are just ending your shift when you witness a multiple vehicle collision. 4 cars were involved and at least 8 or 9 patients. The accident is on a very dangerous and busy stretch of highway with limited visibility from the weather. Two of the cars have ignited and traffic is continuing around the accident through an empty west bound lane. What should you do next?
Call for law enforcement and help maintain traffic at a safe distance away
You arrive on scene alone at a ski lodge to find a 45 year female actively seizing. A bystander who claims to be an ER physician is attending to the woman and requests to continue to provide assistance. What is your appropriate response to the physician?
Call medical control for guidance
The lower airway ends at the Alveoli, where gas exchange occurs. Oxygen moves to the hemoglobin by passing through a semipermeable membrane. Where does this occur?
Capillary bed
Which gas molecule remains in the lungs at higher than normal concentrations in patients with emphysema?
Carbon Dioxide
What gas in your blood effects the rate in which you breathe?
Carbon dioxide
You arrive on scene and find a 55 year old male complaining of chest pain. Initial assessment reveals: cool and clammy, heart rate of 137 blood pressures 120/98 and a repeat blood pressure of 120/102. He also had Jugular Vein Distension (JVD). Which shock condition is this patient presenting with?
Cardiogenic shock
Which artery do we palpate for an unconscious adult patient?
Carotid
You and your partner, Jim, are treating a 76 year old patient who has fallen down a flight of stairs. They may have?
Caught their foot on the carpet A broken Pelvis Had a heart attack *All of the above*
You arrive on scene with your partner, Bill, to a call of an unknown injury/illness. You pull into the driveway of an apartment building. In the parking area is a woman lying face up with her eyes closed. After making sure the scene is safe, what would be the most efficient means for gathering useful information on this patient?
Check her pulse with your hand while you put your ear near her mouth and look down the sternum for chest rise
After splinting a fractured tibia you should?
Check pulse and motor sensory response
Your patient has Emphysema. Which statement best describes why emphysema patients have a difficulty breathing?
Chronic disease characterized by destruction of the alveolar sacs
What is the terminology used when a patient has written documentation that they do not want to be resuscitated?
Comfort One
What type of fractures is defined as bone broken into 3 or more pieces
Comminuted
You respond to the scene of a motor vehicle accident. Upon arrival, you find a young female sitting on the curb. Other than a small abrasion to her forehead, she does not appear to be seriously injured. As you are performing you initial assessment on the patient, a police officer advises you that her husband, the driver of the vehicle, was killed in the accident. What is you most appropriate next action?
Complete the initial assessment and perform a rapid trauma assessment
You and your partner Jim are called to a local lake to treat a man who was burned at a campfire. You arrive to find a man with two friend's neck deep in the lake. A bystander at the camp site tells you that the man fell asleep next to the fire and his jacket ignited. The patient, screaming in pain exits the water when he sees you and your partner. It appears that the jacket has melted to his body on several places. His entire back has second degree burns as well as his buttocks. What complications are most likely to occur with this patient, and how would you treat him? What percent of his body is burned?
Complications may include infection. Treatment should include covering the burned area with a sterile dressing and rapid transport. Approximately 18-20 percent of his body is burned
What are the correct compression and ventilation rates for 2-rescuer CPR in the presence of an advanced airway in an adult victim?
Compress at a rate of at least 100 per minute, with 1 breath every 6 to 8 seconds.
What is the term used to describe when the epidermis stays intact but cells and blood vessels in the dermis become damaged causing a black and blue appearance?
Contusion
Your patient has an evisceration. How would you manage his care?
Cover eviscerated parts with moist sterile dressings
What is the term used to describe when a large amount of force is applied to the body?
Crushing injury
What is the term used to describe bluish nail beds or bluish lips?
Cyanotic
A legal document, usually signed by the patient and his physician, which states that the patient has a terminal illness and does not wish to prolong life through resuscitative efforts, is called a(n)
DNR order
Which of the following is a late sign of shock?
Decreased blood pressure
What percentage of oxygen does a non re-breather mask deliver?
Delivers up to 90% oxygen
All of the following are types of radiation exposure except:
Delta
The most single significant factor that leads to suicide is?
Depression
You are called for a suicidal patient who threatened to kill himself. The scene is safe. Upon entering the bedroom you see a 45 year old male lying on the bed. He is unshaven, unkempt, and has empty food plates all over the floor. He is cooperative and says he lost his job last month and cannot make ends meet. Pulse is 70, respiratory rate 14, pulse ox 99%. Based on your findings what is your patient most likely experiencing?
Depression
Your patient is a 70 year old male who presents with acute abdominal pain, vomiting blood, blood pressure is 96/45, heart rate 122, respiratory rate 26, patient is cool and clammy. He states that he felt a tear in his stomach then had intense pain. What condition is your patient most likely presenting with?
Descending Abdominal Aneurysm
What does the term dyspnea mean?
Difficulty breathing
Dispatch has called you and your partner Jim to an ATV accident in the foothills of a nearby mountain range. You come on scene to find a sixty year old man lying in a wooded area off the side of the road. He apparently lost control of the four wheeler and rolled it several times. According to the NREMT spinal immobilization skill sheet, which of the answer choices contain your most accurate sequence of steps?
Direct assistance to maintain manual immobilization of the head-check circulation and motor sensory-apply c-collar
You are dispatched to a suicide attempt. The police have secured the scene. Upon assessing the patient you notice bright red blood coming from his wrist. What measures do you take to control his bleeding?
Direct pressure, elevate, Tourniquet
You get called for a suicidal patient. Upon approaching the scene you notice police are not present. What should you do?
Do not enter the residence, and notify dispatch that police are not on scene
Patients can only be restrained if you can document the patient is a risk to him or herself or:
EMS personnel
What is the term used for a child under the age of 18 who lives on their own and can make decisions on their own?
Emancipation of a minor
Your 77 year old patient presents in the tripod position and is performing pursed lip breathing. His pulse is 116, respiratory rate 22 with a blood pressure of 130/85. He is on home oxygen at 2lpm. What disease does your patient most likely have?
Emphysema
All of the following medications can be administered by an EMT to a patient who was exposed to nerve agent except;
Epi Pen 1:1,000
What is the name of the outer most layer of the skin
Epidemis
What is the first line medication an EMT can administer to a patient with an acute allergic reaction?
Epinephrine 1:1,000
A patient with a persistent cough informs an EMT that he has tested positive for HIV. On the basis of this information, the EMT-B refuses to treat this patient. Which of the following statements best describes this situation?
Ethically unacceptable
What type of consent is obtained for someone who verbally tells you "yes" you can treat them?
Expressed Consent
One of the key assessments in evaluating a patient is the Glasgow Coma Score (or Scale), which evaluates the patient's neurological status. What three things are assessed in the Glasgow Coma Score?
Eye Opening, Verbal Response, Motor Response
When the EMT is dealing with the victim of an electrical burn, the primary concern should be
Facial pallor, with cool skin
You get dispatched to a patient with a syncope episode. What is the definition of syncope?
Fainted
Pneumonia is generally presented with wheezing lung sounds and no fever.
False
Your patient presents with an evisceration the EMT-basic should replace the organs back into the abdomen and cover the wound with a dry sterile dressing
False
You are attempting to obtain a blood pressure on a 45 year old male. You notice that all you have available is a pediatric blood pressure cuff. You decide to use it on your patient. What will the reading be?
Falsely higher
Define the term agoraphobia
Fear of open places
How does blood enter the right atrium?
From the Inferior and superior vena cava's
You arrive on scene of a house fire. Fire fighters pulled an unconscious 40 year old male from the house. He has burns on his right arm that goes through all the way to his muscles. Classify this burn?
Full thickness
Which of the following are considered minor burns?
Full thickness burns involving less than 2% of the total body surface area
You arrive on scene with your partner Mandy to transport a patient that has been throwing up blood that looked like coffee grounds. This sign would lead you to believe that this patient has?
Gastrointestinal (GI) bleed
Legal term based on the principle that you should not be liable when assisting another in good faith
Good Samaritan Act
What law provides protection from legal action to someone who provides help to an injured person?
Good Samaritan law
You continue triage and find a four year old girl crying. Vital signs are stable with no apparent injuries. What category would you place this patient?
Green
What type of fracture is defined as a partial or incomplete break in the bone?
Greenstick
What type of injury would most likely have an entrance and exit wound
Gun shot in hand
What test can an EMT perform to determine if cerebral spinal fluid is draining from the ear?
Halo Test
You are on scene with a 33 year old male who is violent and needs to be restrained. Police are on hand to assist you. Which of the following is NOT an acceptable method for restraining this patient?
Handcuffs
Your patient's body moved forward but his, head did not, causing whiplash. Which of the following best supports your patient's mechanism of injury?
He was involved in a rear end accident
You arrive on scene of a two car head on collision. Both drivers are unresponsive. What type of injuries do you expect to find on both patients?
Head and spinal injuries
What is the law that Safeguards patient confidentiality?
Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act
All of the following are common causes of seizures except
Heart attack
You and your partner Tracy are called to a hockey arena where a fan was struck in the side of the chest with a hockey puck that was hit over the protective glass and into the crowd. The man is having a painful time breathing at about sixteen times per minute. He says his ribs really hurt. What should your treatment include?
High flow oxygen via non rebreather and rapid transport
Where is the ileum located?
Hip
Your 54 year old patient was involved in a head on collision. Her seatbelt was worn too low. What injury would you suspect?
Hip dislocation
You are placing an OPA in a semi-conscious patient and they start to gag. What should you do next?
Immediatly remove the OPA
What type of consent is obtained for a patient who is unconscious or unable to communicate and is suffering from what appears to be a life-threatening injury or illness
Implied Consent
You are dispatched to the scene of a 9 year old girl who has been struck by a car. Police are unable to reach her parents. What gives you the ability to treat the girl?
Implied Consent
What are the signs and symptoms of shock
Increased heart rate, increased respirations, hypotension
How high should you inflate the Sphygmomanometer when obtaining a standard Blood Pressure?
Inflate cuff 20mmHg beyond the point where you no longer hear pulsation
How high should you inflate the Sphygmomanometer when obtaining a Blood Pressure by palpation?
Inflate cuff 30mmHg beyond the point where you no longer hear pulsation
Describe the manic phase in a bipolar event?
Inflated self-image, elation, feeling of being very powerful
With a Comfort One (Do Not Resuscitate) order, RIEMS protocol stated that we can do all of the following except
Initiate CPR
You are called to a bike vs. car. Upon arrival you see an 8 year old child lying on the ground crying. What is the most likely area of the body where injuries would occur from the direct impact?
Injuries to the chest
What is the term used to describe a jagged cut caused by a sharp object or blunt force?
Laceration
Which of the following statements regarding the Good Samaritan Law is correct?
It will not protect you in cases of gross negligence
What is the term used to describe yellowish pigment color?
Jaundice
You are dispatched to a single car roll over. Upon initial assessment the corvette is overturned and the driver is lying in the back seat, unconscious. How would you open his airway?
Jaw thrust
All of the following are hollow organs EXCEPT:
Kidneys
You are the first unit on scene for a head on collision. Upon your scene size up you notice heavy front end damage on both vehicles. What injuries would you anticipate to find?
Knees impact dash, causing knee dislocation/patella fracture
What is the term used to describe the sound you hear when the blood starts to flow through the vessels as you deflate the Sphygmomanometer?
Korotoff Sounds
Which quadrant is your spleen located?
LUQ
Which heart chamber is the largest?
Left ventricle
Which part of the heart pumps blood into the aorta?
Left ventricle
Your patient is a five year old boy who fell off a bunk bed and struck his face on the lower railing. His mentation seems impaired and you are concerned he has a head injury. He is very afraid of you and begins to cry every time you attempt to administer oxygen to him. Which of the following answers contains the most appropriate action?
Let the parent hold the oxygen tube next to the child's face during transport
You are on the scene of a motor vehicle accident where the car has left the road and collided with a group of trees. The driver was alone and is out of the car standing on the road. You see that the airbag on the drivers' side has deployed. Which of the following recommendations would be best to follow?
Lift the airbag away from the steering wheel and look for damage to the steering column and wheel
Tissue that connects bone to bone is called ___________
Ligament
All of the following are found in your left upper quadrant (LUQ) EXCEPT:
Liver
You and your partner are called to a skateboard park where you find a 14 year old female lying in the prone position. As you begin your assessment you determine that she is not breathing. What is the first action you should take?
Log roll the patient into the supine position
What respiratory patterns would you expect to find in a patient with emphysema?
Longer I:E ratios
You are doing CPR by yourself on a 77 year old male who suddenly went into cardiac arrest and stopped breathing. The most effective way to check the adequacy of your ventilations is?
Looking for chest rise and fall with each assisted breath
What symptom can mimic a psychiatric emergency?
Low blood sugar Head trauma Drugs/alcohol *All of the above*
You are assessing a 32 year old female who was exposed to radiation during a nuclear WMD attack. Her vital signs are normal and she presents with nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Bases on your assessment, how would you categorize her level of exposure?
Low exposure
What is the total inability to move both legs and usually the lower part of the trunk, often as a result of disease or injury of the spin
Paraplegia
What part of a S.A.M.P.L.E. would you ask about daily prescriptions?
M
A 26-year-old male has been ejected from a car after it rolled several times in the median of the interstate. As you perform the primary assessment, you find him prone and unresponsive. You immediate action is to:
Maintain c spine immobilization and turn him supine
You are called to a patient's home who has Myasthenia Gravis. Patient is alert, pulse 80, respirations 12, and pulse ox 96%. What will be your biggest concern when transporting this patient?
Maintaining an airway
You are called to a bar fight and find a 21 year old intoxicated female. She is in the backroom with employees. She states that someone sexually assaulted her in the parking lot. Patient's vital signs are stable and you convince her to get checked out at the emergency room. Which of the following can you allow her to do before leaving?
Make a phone call
What must you do first before inserting an oral pharyngeal airway
Measure it from the lip to the earlobe
Which of the following is not performed during the Scene Size-up?
Mech. of Injury/Nature of Illness
An imaginary line down the center of the body that passes between the eyes and extends down through the navel is the
Midline
You are called to a hanging. Upon arrival you find a 44 year old male with a noose around his neck. Family cut him down from the beam. He is warm to touch, but has no pulse. How would you open his airway?
Modified jaw thrust
Under what patient's condition would you use the acronym DCAP-BTLS?
Motor vehicle accident
Your patient is a sixty two year old female who has fallen approximately four feet from a ladder while decorating her Christmas tree. She has obvious kyphosis and is complaining of back pain and numbing in her left leg. Which of the following choices contains the most appropriate treatment?
Move her to a backboard while maintaining C spine stabilization. Pad under the patients head as needed
What is happening during the systolic phase of the blood pressure?
Muscles contract
What would be the injuries sustained indirectly from your patient in child on bike vs car
Neck Head Spine
You are dispatched to a hockey rink for a sports injury. Upon arrival you see a 22 year old male lying motionless on the ice. He is breathing with a pulse of 116. Witness state your patient was checked from behind and his head smashed directly into the boards. Which of the following shock condition is this patient most likely presenting with?
Neurogenic shock
Which of the following is true regarding suctioning a patient's airway?
Never suction the airway for longer than 15 seconds.
What atmospheric gas molecule makes up the largest percent of air that we breathe?
Nitrogen
You arrive on scene of a patient who was found unresponsive by his wife. She stated that she found him in the garage next to a running vehicle. She also notes that she opened the garage door and dragged him outside. You place your pulse oximeter on the patient and receive a 99% reading. You suspect that the patient is suffering from carbon monoxide poisoning. This pulse ox reading would be considered?
Not accurate
Your patient has a GCS of 3 and is apneic. This means that the patient is
Not breathing
You are first on scene to the bus accident. What is you first priority?
Notify dispatch and request additional resources
You arrive on scene of a one car motor vehicle accident. A single female patient can be observed in the car having breathing difficulties. You notice power lines are down across the hood of the car but you do not see any sparks. What would be your best course of action?
Notify the power company and keep a safe distance until they have removed the wires
In the acronym O-P-Q-R-S-T where does the "when and how did the symptoms begin" question fall under?
O
Which task in NOT performed during a scene size up?
Obtain S.A.M.P.L.E.
The secondary blast phase of an explosion is dangerous because
Of flying pieces of projectile
The nasopharyngeal airway (NPA) is often utilized because it
Often does not stimulate the patient's gag reflex.
Which of the following ventilatory techniques is likely to yield the LOWEST tidal volumes?
One person bag-valve-mask
The first step of emergency care in the patient with inadequate breathing is
Opening and maintaining the patient's airway.
In the acronym O-P-Q-R-S-T "what makes the pain better of worse fall under?
P
What part of a S.A.M.P.L.E. would the history fall under?
P
You are called to a home for a 17 year old female who is hysterical because her boyfriend just broke up with her. Upon arrival she appears very anxious and uncontrollable, heart rate of 120, respirations 32. She says her fingers are tingling and she feels dizzy. Patient does not appear to be under the influence of any medications are substance. What is this patient experiencing?
Panic attack
You arrive on scene and find a 22 year old female who is in severe pain from spilling hot water on her anterior legs. Your assessment reveals 10% burns which appear as large blisters. What type of burn does she have?
Partial thickness
Which type of burns have blisters associated with it?
Partial thickness burns
Which of the following is considered a moderate burn?
Partial-thickness burns covering 15%-30% of the total body surface area
Which bone is proximal to the tibia?
Patella
What type of injury are characteristics from a Taser shot?
Penetrating
What is the term used to describe blood leakage into pericardial space
Pericardial Tamponade
The tongue often is a source of airway obstruction; it falls back and occludes the _________?
Pharynx
All of the following are part of the 6 "p" for assessing a Musculoskeletal injury Except for:
Pinching
Signs of inadequate breathing include all of the following except
Pink skin and respiratory rate between 12 and 20 per minute.
You are triaging patients from the bus accident and notice a 25 year old alert female holding her lifeless child. As an EMT, what are your responsibilities in this situation?
Place a black tag on the child
Your 54 year old patient has a complete amputation of his left index and middle fingers. What are the proper steps the EMT must take in caring for his amputated digits?
Place the amputated parts in a zip lock bag and place the zip lock bag on ice
Your patient is a 55 year old male who is complaining of shortness of breath. He presents with a pulse of 99, blood pressure 122/82, respiratory rate of 16, spo2 93%, temperature of 101, with course breath sounds. What is your patient experiencing?
Pneumonia
A hole in the lung where air becomes trapped between the visceral pleura and the parietal pleura is called?
Pneumothorax
You are dispatched for patient having difficulty breathing. After stabilizing the patient a passerby's car backfires and your patient jumps up and dives under the table. You approach him and he keeps saying "get down, enemy fire". What is your patient experiencing?
Post-traumatic stress syndrome
In the four-priority triage system, patients who are dead receive what priority level?
Priority 4 or 0
You are dispatched to syncopal episode. Upon arrival you find a 22 year old female sitting in the chair. She said that she just found out she won the lottery and that's the last thing she remembered. Which shock condition did your patient experience?
Psychogenic shock
After placing a dry sterile dressing to control bleeding in an open soft tissue injury which of the following shouldn't the EMT basic do?
Remove the dressing after it bleeds through and replace with a new clean dressing
You are called to the home of a 5 year old child. Upon arrival your patient is sitting on the front stairs with his father. The father states the boy fell off the swings. Your assessment revels a possible dislocated shoulder and you notice handprints on the forearm. Your findings are inconsistent with what the father states. What should you do?
Report your findings/suspicions to the emergency room staff
What are the rules of nine?
Represents the division of the body into sections resulting in 9% surface areas
A nasal cannula should be used to deliver oxygen to a patient who
Requires low amounts of oxygen
The inability to move enough air required for adequate perfusion is known as what?
Respiratory Failure
You are dispatched to 123 Apple Wood Road to a call for an injured woman. As you approach the door of the home, a man opens the door and tells you "this is none of your business" and to "get out of here". What is the correct course of action in this case?
Return to the ambulance drive a safe distance away and call for the police to help
Where is the SA node located?
Right atrium
Which of the following is most likely to cause a spinal injury?
Rotational Roll over Lateral Head on
Besides the rule of nine, what is another method that the EMT can use to estimate the body surface area damaged by a burn is the ______________.
Rule of Palm
When approaching a scene of trauma incident, what is your first order of business?
Scene safety
You are called for a psych evaluation. Upon arrival you find a 55 year old female standing on her kitchen table telling police offers the government has been spying on her over the past few months and thinks they put a wiretap on her cat. Upon assessment her heart rate is 88, respiration of 16, and pulse ox of 98%. Based on your assessment, what is she most likely experiencing?
Schizophrenia
An object that is impaled in the abdomen should be?
Secured in place with dressing
Which is not one of the three initial roles of an EMT at a WMD incident?
Self administer Mark I Kit Auto-Injector
You are dispatched to a general weakness call. Upon arrival you find a 67 year old male who was discharged from the hospital two days ago for a routine surgical procedure. You assessment reveals: fever of 103F, chills, heart rate of 122, and nausea. How would you categorize this type of shock?
Septic shock
During an assessment you notice that your patient has slight chest motion during breathing efforts. What is the term for this breathing pattern?
Shallow
Your 77 year old stroke patient presents with Cheyne-Stokes respirations. What are Cheyne-Stokes respirations?
Shallow breathing that becomes deeper with each breath then progressively starts to taper down again till there is an apneic phase. Cycle repeats
Body substance isolation (BSI) consists of all of the following except?
Showering
You respond to an 88 year old female with abdominal pains. Vital signs are stable and your physical assessment reveals a distended abdomen. Patient claims she has not defecated in two days. Her temp is 98.6 and she appears pale. What medical condition is your patient most likely presenting with?
Small bowel obstruction
All of the following are found in your right upper quadrant (RUQ) EXCEPT:
Spleen
You and your partner, Wally, arrive at a single car accident car vs. pole. Upon initial assessment you notice heavy damage to the driver's side door. Your patient is complaining of neck and abdominal pain. What body organs will most likely be injured with this type of mechanism of injury?
Spleen
You pull up to the scene of a car that slid off the road and smashed into a pole. Your scene size up reveals a mid-size SUV with drivers side encroachment. You are unable to gain access from the driver's side due to the heavy damage. What injuries would you expect to find
Spleen laceration, left arm fractures, left rib fractures
What is the best treatment for a suspected fracture of the talus bone?
Splint the ankle, apply ice, and elevate
Your patient has an injury that consists of overstretched & torn ligaments. What type of injury does this patient have?
Sprain
Your patient is a 22 year old male with an object impaled in the right side of his chest, just below the shoulder. After assessing that the object is not blocking his airway, what is the best course of action for this patient?
Stabilize the object in place, control the bleeding and transport
You are called to the home of a 65 year old male who accidently shot a nail into his thigh from a nail gun. The head of the nail is partially sticking out of the skin. How would you manage this patient?
Stabilize/immobilize the object
What is the standard that states: similarly qualified practitioners would have managed the patient's care under the same or similar circumstances.
Standard of Care
The normal anatomical position is best described as a person
Standing, facing forward, palms forward
All of the following are solid organs EXCEPT:
Stomach
The most common nontraumatic brain injury is
Stroke
burn that involves only the epidermis is called?
Superficial
What is the preferred position for a patient in shock?
Supine with legs elevated
You are dispatched to a call of a woman with severe stomach ache. When you arrive on scene you find her doubled over in pain lying on the floor of the bathroom. There is vomit in the toilet and your patient is complaining that she is going to vomit again. She denies falling or having any pain anywhere but her stomach. Assessing her abdomen you find it to be very tender to touch and she pulls away when you palpate only ½ inch deep. What other signs and symptoms might you find with this patient?
Tachycardia-hypotension-fever
You respond to a baby not breathing. Upon arrival you find a 3 month old not breathing and pulseless. You begin CPR. The parents grab you and say is my baby going to be okay? What do you say?
Tell them he does not have a pulse and we are doing the best we can to restart it but he is not responding well.
Your applied a three sided dressing to an open chest wound. After five minutes you notice your patients respiratory rate is increasing, heart rate is increased by 15%, pulse ox is down to 84% and cyanosis is present. What life threatening condition is presenting and what can an EMT do to remedy this situation?
Tension pneumothorax; lift a corner of the dressing to allow pressure to escape
You and your partner, Jen, are called to the scene of a stabbing. There are two patients reported. A woman with a stab wound to the URQ and a man with a stab wound to the LRQ. The woman with the wound in the URQ is having problems breathing, has a pulse of 103, respirations of 35, and they are shallow. The patient with the stab wound to the LRQ is complaining of severe abdominal pain and has a pulse of 48 and a respiration rate of 24. Which patient is most likely to have low blood pressure? Why?
The man, because of the nature and location of the injury, he may be losing blood internally. His pulse is too slow as well.
You are transporting a patient who has an adequate airway. You have determined this by noticing which of the following?
The patient is answering you in complete sentences
You are assisting ventilations via Bag Valve Mask (ambu) device. How can you determine that your ventilations are effective?
The patient's chest is rising and falling with each ventilation.
You arrive on scene with your partner Jen to a multiple car accident where you are the third ambulance to arrive on scene. You are told that there are six patients in four cars all requiring extrication. In the first car is a twenty one year old female who is 37 weeks pregnant, conscious, and crying, next is a sixteen year old boy who is crying and complaining of back pain, next is a six year old girl who has abrasions on her face and an open fracture of the ulna. She is conscious but her breathing is shallow and appears labored. In the second car is a sixty seven year old woman who is pinned against the steering wheel with visible brain matter. She has no pulse. In the third car are two teenagers who are complaining of neck appear to have altered mental status. Neither teenagers were wearing seatbelts and both have lacerations about their face and heads. Who should be receiving care first?
The six year old
You arrive on scene for a 50 year old male who fell off a ladder. He apparently landed on his buttock. All of the following are true of buttocks injuries except?
Thoracic injuries
The process of a blood clot formation is referred to a
Thrombosis
Which of the following terms describes air entering and exiting the lungs during each breath
Tidal volume
You arrive on scene with your partner Bill to find a woman in respiratory distress. She is walking around with her hands up in the air and you can hear audible wheezing on inspiration. Bystanders tell you that she was eating a hotdog and started chocking. It has been ten minutes since she started having difficulty breathing. The best course of action would be?
Transport and encourage her to cough
You arrive on scene of a motor vehicle versus pedestrian accident. The patient is a 13-year-old male, is unconscious and has multiple injuries. As you are treating the child, a law enforcement officer advises you that the child's parent will be at the scene in approximately 15 minutes. What should you do?
Transport the child immediately and have the parents meet you at the hospital
A system used for sorting patients to determine the order in which they will receive medical care or transportation to definitive care is called
Triage
What valve is located between the right atrium and right ventricle
Tricuspid valve
Full thickness burns involve all skin layers and can include muscle and bone
True
True or false, a rapid trauma assessment is used in critical patients to help the EMT basic rapidly identify critical life threats and treat them
True
Which of the following is the most effective method for administering ventilations to an apneic patient?
Two person bag-valve-mask
You and your partner Jim are dispatched to a man down/bleeding. Upon arrival you see a 67 year old male lying supine on the side of the road. Bystanders said the man was hit by a car that fled the scene. Your patient is alert and has an obvious compound fracture of the right tibia with an 8 inch laceration to the forearm draining dark blood. What is the source of the bleeding and how what is your first response to control the bleeding?
Venous/direct pressure
Your patient has hematemesis. What does this mean?
Vomiting blood
Signs of hypoxia include the following except?
Wheezing
Which situation would indicate using the Jaw Thrust Maneuver?
When a cervical spinal injury is suspected
Dispatch has called you and your partner Scott to a residence where a 26 year old man has suffered an accidental self-inflicted gunshot wound to the chest. Law enforcement is on scene and a deputy escorts the two of you into the house were the man is lying supine on the floor holding his chest. His respirations are approximately 28 breaths a minute and his pulse is 124. Moving the patient's hands away reveals a bullet entrance to the 10th rib on the right side. You hear air escaping and notice blood bubbling around the site with each breath. This type of wound is called ________________________ and is best managed by _______________________
a sucking chest wound / covering the wound with a 3 sided dressing in order to allow air to escape
A type of seizure most common in children, which is characterized by a blank stare, lasting only a few seconds, and beginning and ending abruptly, is called a(n)
absence (petit mal)
A 51-year-old female presents with a sudden onset of difficulty breathing. She is conscious and alert and able to speak in complete sentences. Her respirations are 24 breaths a minute and regular. You should:
administer 100% oxygen via non-rebreather mask
A 59-year-old male presents with a sudden onset of lower back pain. He is conscious and alert, but very restless and diaphoretic. Your assessment reveals a pulsating mass to the left of his umbilicus. You should:
administer oxygen and prepare for immediate transport
Medical control gives you an order that seems inappropriate for the patient's condition. After confirming that you heard the position correctly, you should
advise the physician that the order is unclear and ask for clarification
A 23-year-old male experienced severe head trauma after his motorcycle collision with an oncoming truck. He is conscious, as a rapid and shallow breathing pattern, and is producing copious bloody secretions from his mouth. How would you manage his airway
alternate 15 seconds of oral suctioning with two minutes and assisted ventilations
All of the following are important factors to consider in determining burn severity except
ambient environmental temperature
Your patient has is having trouble reading, writing and difficulty in saying what they mean. What is the medical term for this condition?
aphasia
In managing a burn correctly, an EMT may take all of the following steps except
apply ointments or sprays
A 70 year old male experienced sudden pain in his left thigh standing in line at the grocery store. Your assessment reveals ecchymosis and deformity to the distal aspect of his left femur, just above the knee. Distal circulation and sensory and motor functions are intact. The most appropriate method of splinting this injury involves:
applying board splints to both sides of the leg
A 58-year-old male presents with confusion, right-sided weakness, and slurred speech. Your partner is applying oxygen. It is most important for you to:
ask his wife when she first noticed the symptoms
You are dispatched to an apartment complex for a young male with abdominal pain. Your priority upon arriving at the scene should be to
assess the scene for potential hazards
You receive a call to a local gym for a basketball player with a dislocated shoulder. Upon arrival, you find the patient, a 17-year-old male, sitting on the ground. He is holding his left arm in a fixed position away from the body. There is an obvious anterior bold to the area of the injury. You should:
assessed distal pulses, motor, and sensory functions
After taking BSI precautions, exposing the area, and controlling any external bleeding, the next step in immobilizing a long bone fracture is
assessing distal pulses, sensation, and motor function (PMS).
Following proper decontamination, a 30-year-old male is brought to you. He is semiconscious and has rapid shallow respirations. A quick visual assessment reveals no obvious bleeding. You should:
assist ventilations via bag valve mask
A female patient with a suspected spinal injury is breathing with marked reduction in tidal volume. The most appropriate airway management for her includes:
assisting ventilation and age-appropriate rate
A 37-year-old male is found unconscious in his car. His airway is patent and his respirations are rapid and labored. As you and your partner are assessing and treating the patient, a police officer hands you a medication named Advair, which he found in the backseat of this patient's car. The medication suggests that the patient has a history of:
asthma
Many patients will tell the EMT that they knew they were going to seize because of the
aura.
Epinephrine is most commonly administered as a(n)
auto-injector
In talking with a behavioral patient, an EMT should take all of the following actions except
avoiding direct eye contact
A 47-year-old male presents with severe abdominal pain of three hours duration. His abdomen is distended and guarded. Your most important consideration for this patient should be to:
be alert for signs and symptoms of shock
You respond to the home of a 59-year-old male who is unconscious, has slow, shallow breathing, and the weak pulse. The family states the patient has terminal brain cancer and does not wish to be resuscitated. They further state that there is a do not resuscitate (DNR) order for this patient however they are unable to locate it. You should:
begin treatment and contact medical control as needed
Your patient is a 55-year-old female with a history of emphysema and congestive heart failure. As you assess her, you note said she is cyanotic and has severely labored respirations. In between her broken sentences, she states that she has a prescribed inhaler. You should:
begin ventilatory assistance and contact medical control
An elderly male fell and experienced a possible fracture to his left hip. His left leg is flexed and externally rotated. The most effective method for splinting his injury is to:
bind his lower extremities together with cravats and place him on a backboard
There are three kinds of muscle: voluntary, involuntary, and
cardiac
The most serious problem usually associated with electrical shocks is
cardiac arrhythmias
You are dispatched to the scene of a building explosion. Upon arrival, you see people frantically fleeing the building and screaming. Everyone is passing out. You should:
carefully assess situation and ensure your own safety
Within the skull, the brain is cushioned in a dense serous substance called _____ fluid.
cerebrospinal
A 35-year-old mildly obese woman is complaining of localized pain in her right upper quadrant and referred pain to her right shoulder. The most likely cause of her pain is:
cholecystitis
The clavicle is commonly referred to as the
collarbone
Early shock is termed ___________________ while late shock is termed ___________________________
compensated/decompensated
Your 55 year old patient was hit in the head with a golf club. He is alert and dazed. Vital signs are stable. He keeps asking you what happened even after you keep repeating the answer. What type of injury has your patient most likely received?
concussion
You are transporting a 49-year-old male with a tearing abdominal pain. You're approximately 30 miles away from the closest hospital. During your ongoing assessment, you determine the patient's condition has deteriorated significantly. You should:
consider requesting an ALS intercept
You and your partner are caring for a critically ill trauma patient. Your partner is controlling severe bleeding from the patient's lower extremities as you attempt ventilation with a BVM. After repositioning the mask several times, you're unable to effectively ventilate the patient. You should
continue attempted ventilations and transport immediately
While transporting a stable patient with chest pain to the hospital, you come across a major motor-vehicle crash involving several critically injured patients. Your MOST appropriate action should be to:
continue transporting your patient and notify the dispatcher of the crash
The bruising and swelling of brain tissue that may accompany concussion is called a(n)
contusion
The sound or feel of broken bone fragments grinding together is referred to as
crepitus
Burns are classified according to
depth of the injury
A conscious and alert 29-year-old female with history of asthma complains of difficulty breathing that began after her morning jog. The temperature outside is 40°F. On exam, you hear bilateral expiratory wheezing. After providing hundred percent oxygen, you should:
determine if she has been prescribed a beta agonist inhaler
Your dispatch to a residence for a 40-year-old female who fainted. Upon your arrival, the patient is conscious and alert and states that she is fine. Her husband tells you that she fainted after receiving news that her sister was killed in a car crash. You offer oxygen to the patient, but she refuses to accept it. At this point, your primary concern should be to:
determine if she was injured when she fainted
A 50-year-old man is found unresponsive in his car. There were no witnesses to the event. When gathering medical history information for this patient, the EMT- B should:
determine if the patient has a medical alert bracelet or wallet card
You are dispatched to a skilled nursing care facility for an 80-year-old female with abnormal behavior. The patient is clearly confused and asks you if you are her husband. As your partner administers oxygen to the patient, you should:
determine the patients baseline mental status
The mechanism that causes the crushed tissues and fractures found in a patient struck by an auto is _____ force.
direct
Upon arriving at the scene of a motor vehicle crash, you find a single patient still seated his car. There are no scene hazards. As you approach the vehicle, you note that the patient semiconscious and has a large laceration to his forehead. You should first:
direct your partner to apply manual in-line support of the patient's head
A 19-year-old female has just been extricated from her severely damage car. She is on a long backboard and has been moved to a place of safety. As your partner maintains manual stabilization of her head, you perform a rapid assessment. The patient is unconscious, has slow shallow respirations, and bilateral closed femur deformities. You should:
direct your partner to assist ventilations with a BVM
Which one of the following is not a factor in determining whether the use of force with an emotionally disturbed patient is reasonable or not?
dispatch information
Cyanide causes deadly effects by
disrupting cellular oxygen use
Nerve agents work by
disrupting normal transmission of nerve impulses to muscles, organs, and glands
Colic is pain caused by:
distention or contraction of hollow organs
An EMT's obligation in certain situations to provide care to a patient is referred to as a(n)
duty to act
Which of the following is an example of a commonly encountered obstructive lung disease?
emphysema
A 37-year-old male has a partial form body airway obstruction. He is conscious and alert in coughing forcefully. Skin is pink, warm and moist. The most appropriate treatment for this patient includes:
encourage him to cough and transport immediately
You are approaching an overturned tanker truck to assess the driver, who appears to me unconscious. As you get closer to the vehicle, you note the smell of noxious fumes and find that you are in the midst of a vapor cloud. What you do?
exit the area immediately and gather information for the hazardous materials team
The type of seizure most common in children between 6 months and 6 years old that is caused by high fever is called a(n) _____ seizure.
febrile
You and your partner are attempting to resuscitate a middle-aged female in cardiac arrest. Because of the remote location that you are in, you're unable to contact medical control, what should you do?
follow locally established protocols are standing orders
A collection of blood within the skull or brain tissue is called a
hematoma
If a patient's injured leg appears either internally or externally rotated, an EMT should suspect
hip dislocation
A 50-year-old male with a history of diabetes sustained a partial thickness burn to proximally 15% of his body surface area while attempting to light a barbecue pit. He is conscious and alert and in no respiratory distress. What factors makes this patient's burn a critical burn?
his history of diabetes
You arrive on scene to find a 32 year old female with the following vital signs: pulse 106, respiratory rate 10, blood pressure of 140/88, Pulse ox of 86%. What medical terms can be used to describe your patient's condition
hypertensive, tachycardic, bradypnea, hypoxic
You are dispatched for a car versus tree. When you arrive, you find the patient, a 30-year-old male, still seated in his vehicle. He is conscious and alert is complaining neck and back pain. He does any immediate life-threatening injuries. You should:
immobilizes spine with a short backboard in car
A 17-year-old football player collided with another player and has pain to his left clavicular area. He is holding his arm against his chest and refuses to move it. Your assessment reveals obvious deformity to the midshaft clavicle. After assessing distal circulation and neurological function, you should
immobilizing injury with a sling and swathe
The medical condition most likely to cause restlessness and confusion, cyanosis, and altered mental status is
inadequate blood to the brain
All of the following are signs of Cushing's reflex except a(n)
increase in heart rate.
You receive a call to a residence where a man found his wife unconscious on the couch. The patient is unresponsive, has a respiratory rate of eight with a reduced tidal volume, and a heart rate of 40 beats a minute. The husband hands you an empty bottle of Vicodin, which was refilled the day before. You should:
initiate ventilatory assistance
A 71-year-old male is unconscious following a sudden, severe headache. There was vomitus on his face and he is breathing with shallow, slow respirations. The most appropriate initial airway management for this patient is to:
insert an oropharyngeal airway
During your initial assessment of a semi-conscious 30-year-old female with closed head trauma, you note that she has slow, shallow breathing, and a slow bounding pulse. As your partner maintains manual in-line stabilization the head, you should:
instruct your partner to assist ventilations as you perform a rapid trauma assessment
All of the following are common medications used in the treatment of epilepsy except
insulin
One method of protecting against false accusations by a behavioral emergency patient is
involving third-party witnesses
A radiation-enhanced weapon is one that
is known as a "dirty bomb."
The standard that assumes all blood and body fluids are infectious and requires emergency personnel to follow strict procedures to protect themselves from them is referred to as:
isolated infection controls
While assessing a 21-year-old female who struck a tree head-on with her small passenger car, you note that the airbag deployed. You should:
lift the airbag and look for deformities to the steering wheel
A 40-year-old male presents with pain to his upper right quadrant of his abdomen. He is conscious and alert with stable vital signs. During your assessment you note that his skin and sclera are jaundice. You should suspect:
liver dysfunction
A patient who has attempted suicide in the past is
more likely to commit suicide than one who has not
You are dispatched to a residence where a middle aged man was found unconscious in his front yard. There are no witnesses that can tell you what happened. You find him in a prone position, his eyes are closed and he is not moving. Your first action should be to:
log roll him as a unit to a supine position
Your patient with an evisceration becomes tachycardic, cool, and hypotensive during transport; your next action should be to
loosen one corner of the dressing
When administered as a medication, epinephrine will accomplish all of the following except
lower blood pressure
Your respond to a Convalescent Center for an 88-year-old female with altered mental status. A staff nurse advises you that the patient has terminal cancer and that her physician stated that she will probably die within the next few hours; a valid do not resuscitate (DNR) order is presented to you. When caring for this patient you should:
make her comfortable and provide emotional support
When mobilizing the spine of the injured 79-year-old male with severe kyphosis, you should first:
manually stabilizes head
Which circumstances require the use of BSI?
mass casualty person fallen chest pain all of the above
You unit is dispatched to a county jail for intoxicated inmate. Upon arrival, you find the patient, a 33-year-old male, lying supine in a jail cell. He is responsive to painful stimuli only and has slow, shallow respirations. What is your biggest concern for this patient:
may vomit and aspirate
The term that refers to a position closer to the midline is
medial
Of the groups listed, the highest suicide rates have been found in the following age group
men over age 40
A 24-year-old female patient has fallen from the roof of her house and is unconscious. The best method of opening her airway is the _____ maneuver
modified jaw-thrust
After administering 0.3mg epinephrine 1:1000 to an 82-year-old female with an allergic reaction, she had improvement in her breathing and in the appearance of her hives. However, she is still anxious tachycardic. You should:
monitor closely but recall that anxiety and tachycardia are side effects of epinephrine
You arrive at a grocery store shortly after a 35-year-old male stopped seizing. Your assessment reveals that he is confused and incontinent of urine. The patient's girlfriend tells you that he has a history of seizures and takes Tegretol. While obtaining further medical history from his girlfriend, it is most important to:
obtain a description of how the seizure developed
When dealing with a patient who has suffered an injury to the back of his head, what part of the brain would you suspect will be affected?
occipital
An injury in which the skin over a fracture site is broken may be described as a(n)
open fracture
A 40-year-old male has crashed his motorcycle into a tree. He is semi-conscious, has snoring respirations, and has a laceration to his forearm with minimal bleeding. You should:
open his airway with the jaw thrust maneuver
Your patient is the driver of a car that was hit head on. You find her lying on the sidewalk with her knees drawn toward her chest. She has no specific complaints. You suspect
paradoxical motion due to patient positioning
The term for a prickling or tingling feeling that indicates some loss of sensation is
paresthesia
The first step that an EMT takes in a behavioral emergency is to
perform a careful scene size-up
When multiple patients present with an acute onset of difficulty breathing, chest tightness, and hoarseness or stridor, you should be most suspicious of exposure to
phosphate or chlorine
What is the recommended way to stabilize a patella injury?
pillow
You and your partner arrived at the scene for a truck has crashed into a small building, injuring eight people. You immediately request additional ambulances and begin the triage process. The first patient that you triage is a young female who is unconscious and apneic. She has an open head injury and her pulse is weak and thread. You should:
place a red tag on her and continue triaging
After applying a dressing to an arterial bleed on the patient's arm, you notice that the dressing quickly becomes blood. You should:
place additional dressings over the wound
The covering of the lungs is called
pleura
Your 73-year-old male patient is experiencing acute chest pain, which of the following would be a pertinent positive that you must relay to the receiving emergency room?
positive radiating pain down left arm
The opposite of anterior is?
posterior
The period following a seizure in which the patient may be unresponsive, extremely sleepy, weak, and disoriented is called the
postictal state
A 28-year-old male was struck in the chest with a baseball bat during an altercation. He is conscious and alert complains a severe chest pain. Your assessment reveals a large area of ecchymosis over the sternum and a rapid, irregular pulse. In addition to applying100% oxygen you should?
prepare for immediate transport
A 50-year-old male presents with an altering mental status. His wife tells you that he had a small stroke about three years ago, but has otherwise been in good health. The patient is responsive, unable to follow commands. After administering oxygen, you should:
prepare for immediate transport
All of the following are signs of inadequate breathing except
present and equal breath sounds
What sign is indicative of a complete spinal cord lesion?
priaprism
Because of the scalp's rich blood supply, one likely result of a scalp injury is
profuse bleeding
An important aspect in the treatment of a patient with severe abdominal pain is to:
provide emotional support en route to the hospital
After taking BSI precautions, the first step in providing emergency care to a patient with skull fractures and brain injuries is to
provide manual stabilization of the head
What is the preferred method in treating a midshaft femur fracture
traction splint (Hare Traction)
A utility worker was trimming branches and was electrocuted when he accidentally cut a high-power line. He fell approximately 20 feet and is lying unconscious on the ground; the powerline is lying across his chest. You should:
rapidly assess the patient after ensuring the power line is not live
A six-year-old female was riding her bike and struck a clothesline with her throat. She is breathing, with obvious difficulty. Your rapid trauma assessment reveals a crackling sensation in the soft tissue of her neck and facial cyanosis. In addition to appropriate airway management, the intervention that will most likely improve her chances survival is:
rapidly transporting her to the hospital
A 50-year-old male was stung by a honeybee approximately 15 minutes ago. He presents with respiratory distress, facial swelling, and hypotension. After placing him on oxygen and administering his epinephrine via autoinjector, you note that his breathing has improved. Additionally his facial swelling is resolving and his blood pressure is stable. Your next immediate action should be:
record the time and dose of the injection on the run form
A 56-year-old male has an incomplete avulsion to his right forearm. After controlling bleeding, you should:
replace the avulsed flap to its original position and cover with sterile dressing
You and your partner respond to the scene of a 49-year-old male with acute abdominal pain. As you entered his residence, you find him lying on the floor in severe pain. He is conscious and alert. The patient appears to weigh excess of 300 pounds. Your first action should be:
request additional personnel before making any attempts to lift them
In an infant or a child, bradycardia is a sign of
respiratory failure
As you are wheeling your patient through the emergency doors, you receive another call for a major motor vehicle crash. You should:
respond only after giving a verbal patient report to a nurse or physician
The police are on scene to assist you in restraining your schizophrenic patient. All of the following are appropriate restraint positions except:
restrain prone
A 38-year-old male with a history of schizophrenia is reported by neighbors to be screaming and throwing things in his house. You are familiar with the patient and have cared for him in the past for unrelated problems. Law enforcement officers escort you into the residence. The patient tells you that he sees aliens and is attempting to ward them off by screaming and throwing things at them. He has several large laceration to his forehead that are actively bleeding. The most appropriate way to manage his situation is to:
restrain the patient with appropriate force in order to treat his injuries
You are called to the scene of pedestrian that's been struck by a car. Upon examination, you notice clear fluid leaking from the patient's ear, that you believe to be cerebral spinal fluid. This tells you the patient may have suffered a:
severe head injury
The scapula and acromion are parts of the
shoulder
Emergency care for an elderly patient experiencing a seizure includes
suctioning the airway as necessary.
A vesicant is an agent that affects the
skin, lungs, and eyes
Clear or bloody fluid draining from the ear can indicate a____
skull fracture
When would you expect a patient to show Battle signs
skull fractures
The splint best suited for a clavicle injury is:
sling and swathe
A 52-year-old male presents with a fever of 102.5 Fahrenheit and a severe headache. As you assess him, you note the presence of multiple blisters on his face and chest, they are identical in shape and size. The patient's clinical presentation is most consistent with:
smallpox
Pneumatic Anti-shock Garment (PASG) is (are) _______
special inflatable trousers we apply to patients in shock
The major components of the central nervous system include the brain and the
spinal cord
You arrive on scene to find a 22 year old male who was hit by a car. Your patient is alert but is unable to move his legs. Your rapid trauma assessment reveals no obvious injuries to the leg. Your patient says his back and neck hurt and he has pins and needles sensation in both legs. What is your general impression of your patient's condition?
spinal injury
You are assessing a 27-year-old female who is ejected from her car struck a utility pole at a high rate of speed. She is conscious and has slow, irregular breathing pattern. Her blood pressure is 180/90nnhg and her pulse is 50 and bounding. The most appropriate treatment for this patient includes:
spinal mobilization, assisted ventilation with oxygen, and rapid transport
A 59-year-old male with a history of emphysema complains of an acute worsening of his dyspnea and pleuritic chest pain following a forceful cough. Your assessment reveals that he is a barrel shaped chest, unilaterally diminished breast sounds, and tachycardia. What is the most likely cause of this patient's condition?
spontaneous pneumothorax
During your rapid trauma assessment of a 30-year-old male who fell 25 feet, you note crepitus when palpating his pelvis. Your partner advises you that the patient's blood pressure is 80/50mmhg and his heart rate is 120 and weak. After completing a rapid trauma assessment, you should:
stabilize the pelvis with PASG and transport immediately
A life-threatening condition characterized by a patient's seizing for over 10 minutes or consecutive seizures without regaining consciousness is called
status epilepticus
Muscle injuries resulting from overstretching or overexertion of the muscle are called
strains
In most localities, an EMT cannot legally restrain a patient without orders from
the police
A 66-year-old female complains of diffuse abdominal pain and nausea. She has a history of hypotension and occasional depression. When caring for this patient, you should be most concerned with:
the possibility that she may vomit
Your partner arrive at the scene of a house fire where firefighters have rescued a 50-year-old man from a burning building. The patient has superficial and partial thickness burns to his face and chest. His nasal hairs are singed and is coughing up sooty sputum. You should be most concerned with:
the potential for airway swelling
Absence of pain in a patient with a severe burn is most commonly associated with a _____ burn
third-degree/full thickness
The period of a seizure when the patient's muscles become contracted and tense with arching of the back is called the
tonic phase
You are dispatched to a local nursery for a 39-year-old female who is sick. When you arrive, you find the patient lying on the floor. She is semiconscious, has copious amounts of saliva coming from her mouth, and is incontinent of urine. You quickly feel her pulse and note that it is very slow. Initial management for this patient should include:
thoroughly suctioning oropharynx
In regards to the circulation of the hearts, where do the lungs receive deoxygenated blood flow from?
through the pulmonary artery
The unit responsible for the monitoring, overseeing of inventories, and direction of available ambulances to the treatment unit is called the _____ unit.
transportation
Following a bar fight, you have taken three sets of vitals on your patient. At 2330 vitals were: pulse 80/regular; respirations 20/regular; BP 140/78. The vitals at 2335 were: pulse 102/regular; respirations 24/regular; BP 120/88. Your latest set at 2340 were: pulse 130/regular; respirations 28/labored; BP 100/92. You suspect:
traumatic asphyxia
You suspect that a six-year-old girl has broken her leg after a fall from a swing at a playground. Shortly after you arrive, the child's mother appears and refuses to allow you to continue treatment. You should:
try to persuade the mother the treatment is needed
A teenage boy who was involved in a bicycle accident has a puncture wound in which his bicycle kickstand is impaled in his leg. The most appropriate method for treating this injury is to:
unbolt the kickstand from the bike frame and stabilize it with a bulky dressing
All of the following are signs of shock except
warm, dry skin
