Endocrine System Make-up Test
A deficiency of dietary iodine
causes goiter
Which of the following hormones are found within the hypophyseal-hypothalamic portal capillaries?
Releasing hormones
What is the most critical need for the child with newly diagnosed cretinism?
Replacement dose of thyroid hormones
Which of the following is most descriptive of cAMP?
Second chemical messenger
Which of the following is the response to low plasma levels of calcium?
Secretion of PTH
What do the following hormones have in common: growth hormone, cortisol, and epinephrine? All
are secreted by the adrenal glands.
Estrogen, progesterone, and testosterone
are secreted by the gonads
Which of the following posterior pituitary hormones causes the kidney to decrease its excretion of urine?
ADH
Identify the glands associated with these hormones: gonadotropins, aldosterone, and epinephrine.
Adenohypophysis, posterior pituitary, adrenal medulla
The secretion of this gland is described as sympathomimetic.
Adrenal medulla
This adrenal cortical mineralocorticoid helps regulate salt and water balance.
Aldosterone
Obesity
All of the above are true.
Which gland secretes TSH, ACTH, and growth hormone?
Anterior pituitary gland
Identify the hormones that are secreted by these glands: adrenal cortex, pancreas, and adenohypophysis.
Cortisol, insulin, growth hormone
Which of the following are concerned with "sugar, salt, and sex"?
Glucocorticoid, mineralocorticoid, and androgen
Which of the following is the most important effect of somatotropic hormone?
Growth of the musculoskeletal system
Which group is incorrect?
Hormones of the anterior pituitary gland: ACTH, prolactin, TSH, oxytocin
What two effects does PTH exert on the kidneys?
Increases calcium reabsorption and increases the excretion of phosphate in the urine
The hypersecretion of which hormone is least likely to cause hyperglycemia?
Insulin
Which of the following is a function of parathyroid hormone?
It stimulates osteoblastic activity to form bone.
What is the most likely effect of a deficiency of aldosterone?
Low blood volume and hypotension
The secretion of cortisol by the adrenal gland suppresses further secretion of ACTH by the anterior pituitary gland. What is this interaction called?
Negative feedback control
Which gland secretes two hormones, one that elevates blood glucose levels and another that decreases blood glucose levels?
Pancreas
Which gland secretes melatonin and is concerned with our biological rhythms?
Pineal gland
Which of the following structures connects the hypothalamus and the adenohypophysis?
Portal capillaries
Which of the following is least characteristic of the function of insulin?
Suppresses gluconeogenesis
Which of the following is not a function of insulin?
Synthesis of protein
ACTH stimulates the
adrenal cortex to secrete cortisol
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and oxytocin
are secreted by the neurohypophysis.
Insulin and glucagon
are secreted by the pancreas and are concerned with the regulation of blood glucose.
Hypocalcemic tetany
develops in response to a deficiency of parathyroid activity.
The "melting of flesh into urine," an old-timey name, is most descriptive of untreated
diabetes mellitus.
Cretinism, myxedema, and Graves' disease are all
disorders of thyroid gland function.
An excessive growth of hair in locations where hair growth in women is normally minimal is known as
hirsutism
A deficiency of insulin causes
hyperglycemia
The person with _____ is most likely to receive insulin therapy.
hyperglycemia
Ketosis and acidosis are
indicative of a rapid and incomplete metabolism of fatty acids.
A deficiency of ADH is most likely to
induce polyuria
Aldosterone
is a mineralocorticoid secreted by the adrenal cortex.
Oxytocin
is a neurohypophyseal hormone that stimulates the uterine muscle to contract, thereby assisting in labor.
Enlargement of the thyroid gland
is called a goiter
Bronzing
is characteristic of chronic adrenal cortical insufficiency (Addison's disease).
The anterior pituitary gland
is connected to the hypothalamus by the portal capillaries.
The adrenal medulla
is part of the fight-or-flight response.
TSH
is secreted by the anterior pituitary gland.
Insulin
is secreted by the beta cells of the islets of Langerhans.
Glucagon
is secreted in response to a decrease in blood glucose.
The neurohypophysis
is the posterior pituitary gland.
The adrenal cortex
is the target gland of ACTH.
Cushing syndrome
may be caused by steroid (prednisone) therapy.
Kussmaul respirations occur in response to
metabolic acidosis
A hormone that suppresses gluconeogenesis
prevents hyperglycemia
The adenohypophysis
refers to the anterior pituitary gland.
Iodine-containing hormones
regulate metabolic rate
T3 and T4
regulate the basal metabolic rate (BMR).
T3, T4, and calcitonin are
secreted by the thyroid gland
Which group is incorrect?
steroids: cortisol, aldosterone, testosterone, epinephrine
Lactogenic hormone
stimulates the mammary glands to make milk.
Which of the following steroids is an androgen?
testosterone
Iodine, colloid, and goiter refer to which gland?
thyroid