Environmental chapter 8-11
What percentage of the studies showed a negative effect of organic farming on organisms? 11% 8% 89% 13%
11%
As a result of ________, concentrations of methyl mercury are higher in large fish relative to concentrations in smaller fish. distillation bioaccumulation biomagnification synergism toxification
biomagnification
Most of the world's forests are ________. -temperate rainforest and mangrove forest -tropical dry forest and montane forest -temperate deciduous forest and chaparral -boreal forest and rainforest -savanna and pine barrens
boreal forest and rainforest
Most of the world's forests are __________. tropical dry forests tropical rainforests boreal forests temperate rainforests
boreal forests
Is this statement supported or not supported by the data on the graph? As global warming causes sea surface temperatures to increase in the future, the incidence of cholera in Bangladesh will also increase. supported not supported cannot be determined from the graph
cannot be determined from the graph
Of the following, only ________ can change global species diversity. taxonomists extirpation and extinction extinction migration extirpation
extinction
The loss of a particular population from a given area (but not the entire species globally) is called ________. evolution emigration extinction extirpation adaptation
extirpation
__________ is the term we use when a population disappears from a given area locally but not globally. Intinction Extinction Extirpation Mass extinction
extirpation
If trends of 2015 continue, what will the majority of the U.S. Forest Service budget be spent on? Fighting fires. Cutting down trees. Planting trees. Decreasing fire risk.
fighting flies
Approximately half of all vertebrate species on Earth are ________. amphibians birds fishes reptiles mammals
fishes
How is coltan generally mined? -mountaintop removal -digging tunnels -quarrying -panning of the various rivers in the Congo
panning of the various rivers in the Congo
In captive breeding programs, organisms are bred with the intent to __________. keep them in zoos release them to the wild clone them release them to non-native ecosystems
release them to the wild
During the conflict in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DR Congo), how did the exploitation of coltan and the coltan miners harm both the environment and the people that lived there? Select all that apply. -The conflict in the DR Congo resulted in chemical factories being built in the jungle. -Endangered species were hunted for food. -Erosion exacerbated the release of toxic metals such as mercury. -The products of mining were seized from the miners.
-Endangered species were hunted for food. -Erosion exacerbated the release of toxic metals such as mercury. -The products of mining were seized from the miners.
Which of these statements is supported by the graph? Select all that apply. -Amphibian declines from pollution have increased since the year 2000. -There are more non-threatened amphibian species than threatened amphibian species. -Climate change is a major cause of amphibian decline. -Habitat loss is the greatest known cause of amphibian decline. -The declines of many amphibian species are unexplained.
-Habitat loss is the greatest known cause of amphibian decline. -The declines of many amphibian species are unexplained.
What is the overall ratio of positive effects of organic farming to negative effects? 8:66 8.25:1 66:8 1:8.25
8.25:1
How many open-pit uranium mines are currently in the Arctic? 0 1 3 5
0
Today's extinction rate is approximately __________ times greater than the background extinction rate. 5 10-20 100-1000 50-100
100-1000
During which period were forest fires most extensive? 1700-1750 1750-1800 1800-1850 1850-1900
1700-1750
In which of the following years did the incidence of cholera reach its lowest level? 1981 1987 1988 1989 1993
1989
During what period did the number of pairs of bald eagles increase by the greatest percentage? 1986-1992 2000-2006 1992-1998 1974-1981 1994-2000
1994-2000
It takes ________ energy to produce aluminum from ore than to obtain it from recycled sources. 7 times less 20 times less 20 times more roughly the same amount of 7 times more
20 times more
Based on the graph, during which time period did the number of breeding pairs of bald eagles increase the most? 1974 - 1981 1984 - 1990 1992 - 1998 2000 - 2006
2000-2006
Based on the data, calculate the percentage of all e-waste recycled in 2000 versus 2013. -2000: 10.0% 2013: 67.9% -2000: 90.0% 2013: 59.6% -2000: 10.0% 2013: 40.4% -2000: 11.1% 2013: 67.9%
2000: 10.0% 2013: 40.4%
Based on the data in the map, what percentage of all nesting pairs of bald eagles in the United States reside in Minnesota and Wisconsin? 11% 13% 24% 81%
24%
About ________% of Earth's land area is currently covered by forest. 50 Less than 5 30 40 5-10
30
What percentage of U.S. land area is in wilderness areas? 2.7% 4.5% 7.7% 99.9%
4.5%
In 1770, how much of the landscape did the thinning stage occupy? 15% 25% 50% 50 square miles
50%
Select Physical Features. Diamonds are mined primarily at which elevation? -below sea level -200-499 meters -500-1999 meters -2000-3999 meters -above 4000 meters
500-1999 meters
Overall, how many studies showed a positive effect of organic farming on biodiversity? 9 41 66 13
66
Which of the following best describes a biodiversity "hotspot"? -A hotspot is an area near volcanic vents on the ocean floor where the species diversity is high. -A hotspot is an area where the rate of species extinction is high. -A hotspot is a region where species diversity is high but threatened by habitat loss. -A hotspot is a region where large numbers of animals are brought together into an enclosure.
A hotspot is a region where species diversity is high but threatened by habitat loss.
If assumptions prove correct in this case, who should be held accountable for the killing of the sea life near Nhan Trach? A steel mill. A pesticide plant. A fabric dyeing facility. A pharmaceutical company.
A steel mill.
Imagine a square meter of leafy forest soil underneath an oak or maple tree. Which of the following is likely to exist within this patch of soil? -most species would be microscopic -about a quarter of a million individuals -about a thousand different species or organisms -All of the listed responses would be expected to occur within this patch of soil.
All of the listed responses would be expected to occur within this patch of soil.
As you prepare to conduct further research, what is a hypothesis that you might come up with to explain the recent decline in e-waste generation in the United States? -Stricter state laws for e-waste disposal made it harder for consumers to legally discard e-waste, leading them to store old electronics in their homes and offices, causing a slight decline in the total tons of e-waste generated between 2010 and 2013. -Economic factors during this time period discouraged consumers from replacing older, but still functioning, electronic devices with newer models, leading to a slight decline in the total tons of e-waste generated between 2010 and 2013. -In response to consumer preferences, manufacturing trends for many electronic devices have led to smaller and lighter products, leading to a slight decline in the total tons of e-waste generated between 2010 and 2013. -All of these hypotheses could explain the slight decline in the total tons of e-waste generated between 2010 and 2013 in the United States.
All of these hypotheses could explain the slight decline in the total tons of e-waste generated between 2010 and 2013 in the United States.
Which of the following would be most beneficial to the village of Nhan Trach? An increasing number of squid. Fewer squid. No change in the squid population. Listing squid as endangered.
An increasing number of squid.
Heavy landscape damage and water pollution have occurred in ________ as a result of ________. Mississippi; strip mining for uranium Florida; open pit mining of limestone Canada; subsurface mining for oil sands San Francisco; placer mining for gold Appalachia; mountaintop removal mining for coal
Appalachia; mountaintop removal mining for coal
What is the relationship between colonizing success and the number of species already established on an island? -As the number of established species on an island decreases, colonizing success also decreases. There is no relationship between the number of established species on an island and colonizing success. -As the number of established species on an island increases, colonizing success also increases. -As the number of established species on an island decreases, colonizing success also decreases; and as the number of established species on an island increases, colonizing success also increases. -As the number of established species on an island increases, colonizing success decreases.
As the number of established species on an island increases, colonizing success decreases.
Where do large-scale strike-slip faults, which cut through the entire lithosphere, occur? At tactile plate boundaries At divergent plate boundaries At convergent plate boundaries At transform plate boundaries
At transform plate boundaries
Large predators and omnivores, such as mountain lions and bears, roam these mountain ranges. Which of the following statements is true? -Because of immigration and emigration, the individual populations of these Sky Islands have more biomass than they did in the past. -Because of immigration and emigration, the individual populations of these Sky Islands have less biodiversity than they did in the past. -Because of habitat fragmentation, the individual populations of these Sky Islands have less genetic diversity than they did in the past. -Because of extirpation, many of these individual populations have more biodiversity than they did in the past. -Because of habitat fragmentation, the individual populations of these Sky Islands have more biodiversity than they did in the past.
Because of habitat fragmentation, the individual populations of these Sky Islands have less genetic diversity than they did in the past.
A scientist plans to further investigate the impact of organic farming on biodiversity. Which groups of organisms should the scientist select? Beetles and other arthropods Spiders Birds and mammals Soil microbes and plants
Beetles and other arthropods
Which of the following is true in the U.S.? -Both inactive mines and abandoned mines are a problem. -Neither abandoned mines nor inactive mines are a problem. -Only abandoned mines are a problem. -Only inactive mines are a problem.
Both inactive mines and abandoned mines are a problem.
You are on a hot shot fire crew in Arizona. Your crew is using an "indirect attack" to fight a large wildfire. Which of the following are you doing? -Wetting excess vegetation with a chemical solution. -Telling homeowners to fight the fire on their own and then evacuate. -Sandbagging around homes. -Burning excess vegetation in the area the fire is approaching.
Burning excess vegetation in the area the fire is approaching.
Most commercial logging today takes place in ________. -Europe and Canada -Australia, New Zealand, China, and Greenland (Denmark) -the United States, Lesotho, Australia, and China -Mexico, Belize, Costa Rica, and Nicaragua -Canada, Russia, Indonesia, and Brazil
Canada, Russia, Indonesia, and Brazil
________ are substances that cause cancer. Carcinogens Teratogens Neurotoxins Vectors Allergens
Carcinogens
__________, a commonly mined energy resource, is not a mineral. Potash Uranium Coal Limestone
Coal
Why is coltan such a valuable mined resource? -The tantalum in coltan is a precious metal used in jewelry. -Coltan contains tantalite, which yields the element tantalum. Tantalum is required for microprocessors such as the ones in your cell phone. -Coltan contains columbite. Columbite is required for microprocessors such as the ones in your cell phone. -Coltan is a source of energy that is used to power cell phones.
Coltan contains tantalite, which yields the element tantalum. Tantalum is required for microprocessors such as the ones in your cell phone.
During the formation of sedimentary rock layers, sediments accumulate over time, leading to __________ of the layers. View Available Hint(s) circum-Pacific belting Expansion Polymerization Compaction
Compaction
What are the three parts of a biosphere reserve? Edge, fragment, and whole Island, continent, and ocean Island, mainland, and mountain range Core, buffer zone, and transition zone
Core, buffer zone, and transition zone
Which of the following correctly represents the basic layers of Earth from the innermost to the outermost? View Available Hint(s) Core, mantle, and crust Crust, core, and mantle Crust, mantle, and core Core, crust, and mantle
Core, mantle, and crust
Mercury is to methylmercury as DDT is to ________. DDE PCB PBP POP DEP
DDE
Which of the following is leading to an increase in wildfires in the Western United States? Wetter winters and cooler springs. Drier winters and cooler springs. Wetter winters and warmer springs. Drier winters and warmer springs.
Drier winters and warmer springs.
Which of the following U.S. agencies is primarily responsible for addressing issues regarding mercury pollution? USDA OSHA DOE BLM EPA
EPA
Which of the following accurately describes a benefit or a drawback of managing an even-aged tree plantation? -Even-aged stands create a more complex groundcover habitat. -Even-aged stands possess more structural complexity than natural forests. -Even-aged stands are unpopular because they are difficult to harvest and replant. -Even-aged stands are less vulnerable to disease and insect outbreaks. -Even-aged stands are more vulnerable to pests such as bark beetles.
Even-aged stands are more vulnerable to pests such as bark beetles.
All of the following statements are true of allergens EXCEPT: -Synthetic chemicals may trigger allergic reactions. -Allergens trigger an immune response when one is not necessary. -A person's response to an allergen does not necessarily correlate with the degree of exposure. -Asthma can be triggered by allergies. -Everyone is affected by an allergen at a high enough dose.
Everyone is affected by an allergen at a high enough dose.
Why are many contaminants found at higher concentrations in polar bears and people living in Greenland than they are in bears and people living in temperate and tropical areas? -Global atmospheric circulation carries airborne toxins toward the poles, where their deposition exceeds evaporation. -The ice sheets in Greenland, which provide both people and polar bears with fresh water, were contaminated as a result of the Chernobyl nuclear accident. -Polar bears and people living in Greenland eat penguins, which are naturally high in toxic contaminants. -Most of Greenland's GDP comes from importing toxic chemicals for disposal deep beneath its ice sheets. -There are fewer regulations regarding the release of toxic pollutants in Greenland than in other regions of the world.
Global atmospheric circulation carries airborne toxins toward the poles, where their deposition exceeds evaporation.
Which one of the following United States federal agencies does NOT handle risk management decisions concerning environmental health and toxicology? the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Housing and Urban Development (HUD)
Housing and Urban Development (HUD)
Which of the following would likely be most beneficial to Maya Biosphere Reserve? Make no change to the current management. Remove all of the people and then decide how to manage it. Have the entire area under government control. Increase the portion that is community managed.
Increase the portion that is community managed.
Which of the following best explains why the many small, isolated islands of Polynesia are a challenge for conservation biology? -Since all life on isolated islands was introduced from elsewhere, it is difficult to conserve them in a habitat that is not native for them. -Island life is so unique that the principles of conservation biology largely do not apply. -Islands typically have very small populations of plants and animals, making them especially vulnerable to global changes and invasive species. -It is too difficult for researchers to reach the Polynesian islands. -All of the answer choices explain the challenge.
Islands typically have very small populations of plants and animals, making them especially vulnerable to global changes and invasive species.
If the Human Powered Travel in Wilderness Areas Act passes, which of the following will be true? -All types of two-wheeled transport will be allowed in federally owned wilderness areas. -All types of transport will be allowed in federally owned wilderness areas. -It will be up to each area's manager to decide what types of human-powered transport will be allowed. -All types of human-powered transport will be allowed in federally owned wilderness areas.
It will be up to each area's manager to decide what types of human-powered transport will be allowed.
You are a wildlife biologist. You think the best way to protect the Selkirk caribou is to use the same technique that saved the Little Smoky herd. What do you recommend? -Killing cougars in the area of the Selkirk herd. -All remaining Selkirk caribou need to be in captivity. -Killing wolves in the area of the Selkirk herd. -Building a large enclosure for the wild herd.
Killing wolves in the area of the Selkirk herd.
Which of the following is true in Greenland? Land is owned by industry. Land is privately owned. Land is communally owned. Land is owned by Denmark.
Land is communally owned.
Strip mining, subsurface mining, and solution mining all take place in which "sphere" of the planet? Lithosphere Magnetosphere Hydrosphere Atmosphere
Lithosphere
Within which of the following layers of Earth does plate tectonic movement occur? Lithosphere Asthenosphere Core Mantle
Lithosphere
Which of the following is true in community-managed areas of Guatemala's Maya Biosphere Reserve? Logging is allowed but strictly monitored. No logging is allowed. Logging is allowed, but the trees cannot be sold outside of the community. Logging is allowed and rampant.
Logging is allowed but strictly monitored.
Which of the following is currently encouraging rubber tree farmers to enroll in new programs? -Low rubber prices. -The government controls rubber prices. -Stagnant rubber prices. -High rubber prices.
Low rubber prices.
Which of the following best describes the Yellowstone Plateau landscape in 1900? -More than half of the landscape was occupied by forests in which shade-tolerant trees were becoming established. -More than half of the landscape was covered by forests made up of mature shade-tolerant trees. -All of the forest stages occupied about the same amount of area. -Most of the landscape was occupied with forests made up of young lodgepole pines.
More than half of the landscape was occupied by forests in which shade-tolerant trees were becoming established.
Which of the following is true under the Wilderness Act of 1964? -Motorized biking is allowed in federally designated wilderness areas while mountain biking is not. -Mountain biking is allowed in federally designated wilderness areas while motorized biking is not. -Neither motorized biking nor mountain biking are allowed in federally designated wilderness areas. -Both motorized and mountain biking are allowed in federally designated wilderness areas.
Neither motorized biking nor mountain biking are allowed in federally designated wilderness areas.
Which of the following companies would most likely be interested in mining in Kujalleq? Arch Coal, Inc. Norilsk Nickel Marketo Lead Piedmont Natural Gas
Norilsk Nickel
Continental rifting formed which of the following? Ice age glaciers North Atlantic Ocean Mountains of Southern Asia and Europe Pangaea
North Atlantic Ocean
You visit a federally owned wilderness. Which of the following is true? It is managed by the Bureau of Land Management. Not all federally owned wilderness areas are managed by the same agency. It is managed by the Fish and Wildlife Service. It is managed by the National Park Service.
Not all federally owned wilderness areas are managed by the same agency.
Which of the following is the biggest issue with the Vietnamese government regarding this pollution? Allowing too many public protests. Not providing details to the public. No samples have been collected. No environmental standards have been set for this type of pollution.
Not providing details to the public
Which of the following is true? -Plants, but not other tree species, can grow in the same area as rubber trees. -Other tree and plant species cannot grow in the same area as rubber trees. -Other tree species can grow in the same area as rubber trees. -It is unknown as to whether or not other tree or plant species can grow alongside rubber trees.
Other tree species can grow in the same area as rubber trees.
The "dirty dozen" POPs targeted by the Stockholm Convention include ________. PCBs BPA and radon Roundup and glyphosate Bt toxin and isopropyl alcohol Dr. Pepper and Mountain Dew
PCBs
A new treaty is passed worldwide banning the use of dichloroethane. Which of the following will be most impacted? hospitals farmers pharmaceutical companies PVC manufacturers
PVC manufactures
You come across caribou maternity pens while hiking. Which of the following do you see in them? ANSWER: Only young animals. Pregnant and non-pregnant females. Males and females ready to mate. Pregnant females and young caribou.
Pregnant females and young caribou.
Tantalum is needed for mobile phones, and the Congo is a major supplier of this metal. Which of these is true of how mining for tantalum has occurred in the Congo? -The profits from the mining operations have been used to establish and maintain parks and reserves to protect the Congo's natural heritage. -The tantalum miners are rapidly becoming wealthy and improving conditions in their country. -Most tantalum mining is being done by large multinational corporations. -Profits from tantalum mining have helped fuel a war that has killed more than 5 million people.
Profits from tantalum mining have helped fuel a war that has killed more than 5 million people.
You are the head of design for a new red panda habitat at the Minnesota Zoo. In order to make this habitat as natural as possible, which of the following should you do? -House every female red panda with only one male. -House the red pandas in large groups. -Keep female red pandas separate from the males. -Provide solitary space for each red panda.
Provide solitary space for each red panda.
________ is a naturally occurring substance that seeps up from the ground and is potentially toxic to people. Bisphenol A Radon gas Salmonella DDE Crude oil
Radon gas
Which regions of the world tend to have the greatest species richness? -Warm, desert-like regions -Regions near the equator -Areas high in mountains, where humans have not impacted the environment -Species richness varies randomly across the globe, and no areas are particularly high in species richness compared to other areas.
Regions near the equator
Your aunt builds a home in a fire-prone forested area. Which of the following would be best for her to do to decrease the chance that her home will be lost to a forest fire? Plant trees in a random pattern around her home. Remove the excess brush around her home. Dig a shallow trench that surrounds her home. Plant native grasses in a ten foot radius around her home.
Remove the excess brush around her home.
Which of the following statements about chronic versus acute exposure is true? -A person has experienced acute exposure if the exposure was at high levels for a long period of time. -A person getting an x-ray is experiencing chronic exposure to radiation, whereas the radiologist is trying to minimize levels of acute exposure. -Safe levels for chronic exposure to a toxicant are lower than safe levels for acute exposure. -Chronic levels of a toxicant are assessed for individuals with chronic conditions such as arthritis. -Acute exposure to a toxicant is more difficult to study than chronic exposure.
Safe levels for chronic exposure to a toxicant are lower than safe levels for acute exposure.
A scientist in this project is given a microbiome sample from an unknown location. Which of the following is most likely? -She has a very good chance of figuring out what environment the sample came from. -She has no chance of figuring out what environment the sample came from. -She has a very slim chance of figuring out what environment the sample came from. -She has about a fifty-fifty chance of figuring out what environment the sample came from.
She has a very good chance of figuring out what environment the sample came from.
If the Chinese government gets its way, which of the following will happen? -There will be no change in the way rubber tree farms are managed. -Some land with rubber trees planted will be managed in a more environmentally friendly manner. -More forests will be clear cut to plant rubber trees. -Rubber trees will no longer be planted.
Some land with rubber trees planted will be managed in a more environmentally friendly manner.
Coal is mined only in which country? -Zambia -South Africa -Botswana -Mozambique -Coal is mined in all of these countries.
South Africa
Large forests are critical when it comes to mitigating climate change. Why? Such forests absorb carbon dioxide and release carbon. Such forests release carbon dioxide and store carbon. Such forests absorb carbon dioxide and store carbon. Such forests release carbon dioxide and carbon.
Such forests absorb carbon dioxide and store carbon.
Which of the following happened first? The formation of Pangaea. The Appalachian Mountains begin to form. The mountains of Southern Asia and Europe begin to form. The North Atlantic Ocean begins to form.
The Appalachian Mountains begin to form.
What two events contributed to the trend in bald eagle numbers in the United States starting in the 1970s? -The bald eagle was declared our national bird, and the hunting of eagles was banned. -The Sierra Club was founded, and the hunting of eagles was banned. -The Environmental Protection Agency was created, and mercury was banned as an insecticide ingredient in the United States. -The Endangered Species Act was passed, and DDT was banned in the United States. -Both DDT and the hunting of eagles was banned in the United States.
The Endangered Species Act was passed, and DDT was banned in the United States.
Which of the following is a land trust? DeSoto National Wildlife Refuge Texas A&M University The Nature Conservancy Long Island, New York Grand Teton National Park
The Nature Conservancy
Which of the following has the ability to declare an area as federally protected wilderness? The Department of Justice The Bureau of Land Management The President of the United States The United States Fish and Wildlife Service
The President of the United States
What is a threshold dose with regard to a dose-response curve? -The dosage in which the response reverses -The dosage in which a response is first elicited -A point on the graph at which there is no turning back -The point on the graph at which 50% of the test subjects have died
The dosage in which a response is first elicited
According to island biogeography, what is the relationship between an island's distance from the mainland and the number of species present on the island? -The closer an island is to the mainland, the fewer the number of species found on the island; and the farther an island is from the mainland, the larger the number of species found on the island. -The closer an island is to the mainland, the fewer the number of species found on the island. -The farther an island is from the mainland, the fewer the number of species found on the island. -There is no relationship between the distance from the mainland and the number of species found on an island. -The farther an island is from the mainland, the larger the number of species found on the island.
The farther an island is from the mainland, the fewer the number of species found on the island.
It is 1973 and a fire starts in Targhee National Forest in Idaho. Which of the following was most likely to have happened? -The fire would have been put out as quickly as possible. -The fire would have been put out only if it threatened private property. -The fire would have been allowed to burn naturally. -The fire would have been put out only if it threatened public property.
The fire would have been put out as quickly as possible.
Which of the following occurred about 21,000 years ago? -The formation of the ice age glaciers. -The North Atlantic Ocean begins to form. -The Appalachian Mountains finish forming. -India breaks off from Antarctica and begins moving north toward Asia.
The formation of the ice age glaciers.
Which of the following is true? -The red panda is a bear, the giant panda is not. -The giant panda is a bear, the red panda is not. -Both the red panda and the giant panda are bears. -Neither the red panda nor the giant panda is a bear.
The giant panda is a bear, the red panda is not.
Which of the following is currently true in Greenland? The government is supportive of mining. The government is against mining. The government is strongly divided when it comes to mining. The government is neither for nor against mining.
The government is supportive of mining.
Why is a new island more hospitable to colonizers than an older island is? -Competition is less intense on the newer island. -The extinction rate is higher on the newer island. -The intensity of both competition and predation is less on the newer island. -Predation is less of a factor on older islands. -Competition is more intense on the newer island.
The intensity of both competition and predation is less on the newer island.
Which of the following microbiomes is likely the most diverse? The microbiome found on a just hatched bald eagle chick. The microbiome found in a dog's mouth. The microbiome found on your skin. The microbiome found in a tropical soil sample.
The microbiome found in a tropical soil sample.
Which of the following microbiomes are likely to be the most similar? -The microbiome found on a clown fish and the microbiome of the water the fish lives in. -The microbiome found on a three-toed sloth and the microbiome found on a resplendent quetzal, both found in the Monteverde Cloud Forest of Costa Rica. -The microbiome found on an earthworm and the microbiome of the soil the earthworm lives in. -The microbiome found on an emperor penguin and the microbiome found on an Adelie penguin.
The microbiome found on an emperor penguin and the microbiome found on an Adelie penguin.
If the predictions of the Rights and Resources Initiative prove correct, which of the following will happen? -The number of community-managed areas will increase. -The number of community-managed areas will not change. -The number of community-managed areas will increase in South America but decrease elsewhere. -The number of community-managed areas will decrease.
The number of community-managed areas will increase.
After the 1988 fires, scientists made careful observations of the changes on the Yellowstone Plateau. (The data they collected is not shown on this graph.) Given the historical data concerning succession and disturbance (fires), predict how the landscape in 2000 compared to the pre-1988-fire landscape. Which statement is most likely to have described how the landscape changed in the 12 years after the 1988 fires? -The percentage of the landscape in old-growth stage forest decreased. -The percentage of the landscape in old-growth stage forest increased. -The percentage of the landscape in old-growth stage forest stayed the same. -It is not possible to make a prediction based on the data in this graph.
The percentage of the landscape in old-growth stage forest decreased.
The country of Panama uses the management of the Maya Biosphere Reserve as a template to protect a large area. Which of the following should be expected? -It is unknown what to expect regarding deforestation as there have been no trends in the Maya Biosphere Reserve. -The portion managed by the government will have more deforestation than the portion managed by the community. -The portion managed by the government will have less deforestation than the portion managed by the community. -The portion managed by the government will have an equivalent amount of deforestation as the portion managed by the community.
The portion managed by the government will have more deforestation than the portion managed by the community.
What sorts of limitations are placed upon national wildlife refuges? -The refuges are public lands with no restrictions for use whatsoever. -The refuges are preserves that are off limits to all public uses. -The refuges are open from 6 a.m. to 10 a.m. only for educational purposes. -The refuges are open for hunting, fishing, education, and other public uses.
The refuges are open for hunting, fishing, education, and other public uses.
Assume that the scales for graphs (a) and (b) are identical. Compare the graphs. Which of the following statements is true? -The toxicant shown in (b) has a lower toxicity than the toxicant shown in (a). -The toxicant shown in (b) has a lower LD50 compared to the toxicant shown in (a). -Graphs (a) and (b) show results for the same toxicant, but graph (a) shows a higher dose than graph (b). -The toxicant shown in (b) has a higher toxicity than the toxicant shown in (a). -Graphs (a) and (b) show results for the same toxicant, but graph (b) shows a higher dose than graph (a).
The toxicant shown in (b) has a lower toxicity than the toxicant shown in (a).
Which of the following statements is supported by the data in the graph? -An increase in sea surface temperature causes the incidence of cholera to increase. -There is a negative correlation between sea surface temperature and the incidence of cholera. -There is a positive correlation between sea surface temperature and the incidence of cholera. -There is no relationship between sea surface temperature and the incidence of cholera.
There is a positive correlation between sea surface temperature and the incidence of cholera.
Why do developing nations impose few or no restrictions on logging? -No ancient forests remain in developing nations. -There is an infinite supply of timber because wood is a renewable resource. -Local residents use most of the timber, and the government does not want to impose restrictions on its citizens. -Most timber is extracted by local corporations that support the government. -They are desperate for economic development.
They are desperate for economic development.
How do endocrine disruptors affect human health at very low doses? They stimulate the liver to make excessive growth hormones. They prevent the secretion of digestive enzymes. They interfere with nervous system function. They mimic or block hormones that direct reproductive and developmental processes.
They mimic or block hormones that direct reproductive and developmental processes.
You are an entrepreneur and envision converting former mines into state-of-the-art yoga studios. Where in the U.S. should you look for locations? Only in the Eastern U.S. Nowhere. Only in the Western U.S. Throughout the U.S.
Throughout the U.S.
How do toxicants get transported over vast distances? -Human beings carry toxicants on their skin, which become released into the water when they bathe. -Animals deliberately carry toxicants with them across Earth. -Toxicants are transmitted through electromagnetic waves within Earth, the oceans, and the air. -Toxicants are carried by the wind as well as the waters of streams and the oceans.
Toxicants are carried by the wind as well as the waters of streams and the oceans.
Earthquakes, volcanoes, and landslides can displace large volumes of water in the ocean and trigger which of the following natural disasters? Tornadoes Lahars Mass wasting Tsunamis
Tsunamis
Which of the following is an example of synergistic effects? -Trace amounts of a chemical pollutant in the atmosphere build up in organisms over time. -A pollutant makes one person sick but has no observable effect on another person. -Two gases chemically combine to become a different pollutant with new, unique properties. -A chemical is transported many miles after it is released into a river.
Two gases chemically combine to become a different pollutant with new, unique properties.
Why do urbanized societies need stretches of uninhabited and undeveloped land? -Uninhabited and undeveloped lands are saved so that we can develop them in the future. -Uninhabited and undeveloped lands provide natural resources that, in turn, provide the ecosystem services and the psychological relief needed to support urban populations. -Uninhabited and undeveloped lands are set aside to provide space for future generations as populations grow. -We need to preserve them to extract resources in the future.
Uninhabited and undeveloped lands provide natural resources that, in turn, provide the ecosystem services and the psychological relief needed to support urban populations.
________ are examples of naturally occurring biological hazards. Viruses and Salmonella DDT and DDE Carbon dioxide and nitrogen gas Crude oil seeps and radon gas Phthalates and bisphenol A
Viruses and Salmonella
If you want to avoid buying a "blood diamond," you should avoid purchasing ________. -a diamond from Sierra Leone -a diamond that has been manufactured from mercury via alchemy -any rose-colored diamonds -a synthetically produced diamond -a diamond mined from a subsurface mine in the Ukraine
a diamond from Sierra Leone
Which of the following areas would experience the most devastation after an earthquake? -a city that has invested in strengthening structural components in older buildings -a marsh-like environment that was filled with landfill in order to build a city -a city built with strict codes in place to allow for flexible buildings -a city built on a thick bed of stone
a marsh-like environment that was filled with landfill in order to build a city
Your cousin is a keeper at the Calgary Zoo. What should she provide to the mountain caribou to make their habitat as realistic as possible? A special fungus. A special lichen. A special moss. A special plant.
a special lichen
Which of the following best describes an umbrella species? -a species, such as a large oak tree, that protects the soil beneath it from heavy downpours and prevents erosion -a particularly showy species that people will want to protect because it is so attractive -a species whose protection will result in the protection of a large number of species that require the same habitat -a species that, if removed, will cause the community to collapse and be reduced in its biodiversity
a species whose protection will result in the protection of a large number of species that require the same habitat
__________ is an organism that transmits a pathogen to a host. A hazard A vector An infection A toxin
a vector
Mr. Smith has been hired to manage a swath of land owned by a private company. His goal is to manage the forest in the most sustainable way while still using the land and making a profit. At first, he manages the land using the concept of maximum sustainable yield. After a few years he realizes that ecosystem-based management is more appropriate for this particular swath of land. Mr. Smith is using __________. adaptive management single-use management timber famine primary-secondary management
adaptive management
Which of these leads to uncertainty in our ability to predict how long a mineral resource will last? changing rates of mineral recycling development of new extraction technologies changes in product technologies that use minerals all of the above
all of the above
Most mineral resources occur __________. -in desert areas -along the coasts -in the south -far inland -None of the listed responses are correct.
along the coasts
Bisphenol A is ________. -released from aerosol spray cans -an estrogen mimic used in plastic manufacturing -a banned insecticide -produced when fossil fuels are burned -a currently used herbicide
an estrogen mimic used in plastic manufacturing
Bullfrog tadpoles are often sold as fish bait, even in areas where they do not occur naturally. When people buy 10 of them and don't use them all, they often dump the remainder into the lake or river. This is an example of ________. overharvesting of species from the wild inbreeding habitat destruction extirpation an introduced species
an introduced species
The IUCN's Red List is ________. -an identification list of known species -a list of ecologically damaged ecosystems -a list of unidentified species -an updated list of species facing unusually high risk of extinction -a scorecard of international failures at conservation
an updated list of species facing unusually high risk of extinction
You are a landowner in China and wish to produce resinous agarwood. Which of the following should you plant? Rubber trees Macadamia trees Cacao trees Aquilaria trees
aquilaria trees
CITES (the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora) tries to prevent the extinction of species by __________. -raising endangered species for sale to cut out the market for wild harvested species -using United Nations' troops to hunt down and arrest poachers -establishing biosphere reserves where people and endangered species live side by side -asking countries to stop the international trade of body parts of endangered species
asking countries to stop the international trade of body parts of endangered species
Which of the following are probably the most abundant but least understood of all forms of life on Earth? trees bacteria animals insects
bacteria
A new microbiome sample is added to the database. Which of the following organisms will this sample be analyzed for as part of the Earth Microbiome Project? all single-celled organisms bacteria and archaea bacteria only all microscopic organisms
bacteria and archaea
After examining every single cell in your body, you would conclude that humans are made up mostly of __________. fungal cells plant cells bacterial cells dead cells
bacteria cells
You are a red panda keeper at the Blank Park Zoo. Which of the following items from the red panda's natural diet should you be prepared to feed them? eucalyptus leaves jatropha bamboo cercropia leaves
bamboo
Since the 1990s, ________ have killed tens of billions of conifers in the western United States. ladybird beetles pine shoot beetles foresters invasive fungi bark beetles
bark beetles
The problems with the Puget Sound killer whale population have taught us to __________. -restrict sound levels in regions populated with killer whales -stop fishing for salmon in regions populated with killer whales -be very careful when adding new chemical compounds to natural environments -restrict the movements of boats and aircraft where killer whales are known to migrate or feed
be very careful when adding new chemical compounds to natural environments
Second-growth forests ________. -become established after virgin timber has been removed from an area -are those forests in the National Parks that are protected from logging -in North America are found mainly in British Columbia and Alaska -are forests whose timber has second-rate value -are less abundant on Earth today than they were 500 years ago
become established after virgin timber has been removed from an area
In order to protect red pandas in the wild, which of the following countries must preserve their habitat? Vietnam China Russia Turkey
china
In general, successfully introduced non-native species experience ________. increased environmental resistance increased competition from other organisms decreased biotic potential increases in limiting factors competitive success against native species
competitive success against native species
What is the term for the right that companies purchase to extract forest resources? conservation deforestation concession clear-cutting
concession
How is the population of killer whales in the Puget Sound changing? The killer whale population is __________. declining in animals of all ages shifting its migration routes westward by more than 200 miles declining in numbers of its oldest killer whales declining in numbers of its youngest killer whales
declining in animals of all ages
We can lessen the loss of aesthetic and spiritual ties with nature if we ________. -accelerate globalization -increase the rate of harvesting economically important species -do nothing to slow global climate change -increase per capita consumption -decrease the rate of habitat alteration and destruction
decrease the rate of habitat alteration and destruction
A patient presenting with which of the following symptoms would lead a doctor in Nhan Trach to think the person ate the contaminated sea life? swollen lymph nodes body rash diarrhea and vomiting bleeding from the eyes
diarrhea and vomiting
The leading cause of death in the world today is __________. injuries starvation disease natural disasters
disease
At ________ plate boundaries, tectonic plates are pushed away from each other when magma rises to the surface, creating new crust. divergent subvergent transform trench convergent
divergent
Which of the following domestic animals poses the largest threat to wild red pandas? dogs pigs cats cattle
dogs
Pharmaceuticals produced from wild species generate up to $150 billion in sales and save many lives each year. This is an example of __________. drug trafficking conservation genetics HMO services ecosystem services
ecosystem services
What would one call trees planted in a stand at the same time? even aged step-laddered uneven aged terraced
even aged
The data in the figure indicate that all of the metals shown will ________. -never be exhausted -become less expensive to extract over time -eventually become unavailable, even with current technological capabilities -be available for at least 500 more years -be easily replaced by other metals
eventually become unavailable, even with current technological capabilities
Currently, the Endangered Species Act of 1973 is ________. -protecting only 1300 species out of an original 3000 -being weakened in funding and enforcement -being harshly criticized by the scientific community -generally supported by the public but is criticized as putting wildlife before people -being repealed by the U.S. Congress
generally supported by the public but is criticized as putting wildlife before people
Biodiversity is the diversity of life at what level(s) of biological organization? genetic, species, and ecosystem levels species and ecosystem levels species, ecosystem, and biosphere levels genetic, species, ecosystem, and biosphere levels
genetic, species, and ecosystem levels
The program Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD) ________. -gives wealthy nations carbon-offsets if they pay poorer nations to conserve forests -supports research to develop trees which permanently sequester carbon -seeks to reduce the 30% of global carbon emissions caused by primary forests -was passed unanimously by the Copenhagen Conference (2010) on global climate change -combats unsustainable forestry practices through controlled burning programs
gives wealthy nations carbon-offsets if they pay poorer nations to conserve forests
Global biodiversity exists in a number of patterns. The largest and most obvious of these is that biodiversity is __________. -greatest at the equator and drops as you move farther north or south -greatest at high elevations but drops as you descend -higher at the start of a river than at its end -distributed evenly across Earth's surface
greatest at the equator and drops as you move farther north or south
The introduction of the brown tree snake near the end of World War II in an unincorporated territory of the United States decimated the native bird populations of this island. New Caledonia Guam Fiji Samoa Tonga
guam
The wood thrush makes its nest in woodlands in the northern and eastern United States. As patches of woods become smaller, increasing numbers of wood thrush nests have eggs laid in them by the brown-headed cowbird. Cowbirds live in open fields and are nest parasites; the female cowbird flies up to an unattended nest, quickly lays an egg in it, and leaves the host parents to raise their "adopted" young. Wood thrushes are decreasing in numbers because ________. -habitat fragmentation makes it easier for cowbird parasitism to occur -overharvesting in the open fields has driven the cowbirds into the woodlands -pollution of the open fields has caused a change in cowbird behavior -climate change is reducing nest site availability -cowbirds are an invasive species that is rapidly increasing
habitat fragmentation makes it easier for cowbird parasitism to occur
The forests in the Upper Peninsula of Michigan from which your text book was made are ________. -plantation forests of pine and spruce -suffering from erosion and heavy pesticide use -harvested by clear-cutting -being salvage logged after the catastrophic wildfire of 2008 and subsequent pine beetle infestation -harvested using ecosystem-based management
harvested using ecosystem-based management
What other island also saw rapid declines in bird populations? The island is located about 5000 miles northeast of Australia, and the decline was caused by introduced mosquitoes that spread avian malaria. Hawaii New Zealand Tasmania Easter Island New Guinea
hawaii
Smelting of iron ore involves ________. -washing the ore with acid to extract iron -crushing and heating the ore at its melting point -dissolving the ore in hot water to separate iron and aluminum -heating beyond iron's melting point and combining the material with carbon -oxidizing iron to ferric oxide and then adding silicon and boron
heating beyond iron's melting point and combining the material with carbon
Based on the health problems of Puget Sound killer whales, we would expect to find __________. -high levels of polychlorinated biphenyls in salmon in the Puget Sound -high levels of lead in the stomachs of killer whales -scars on the sides of killer whales from boat propellers and collisions with watercraft -very low nutritional value in the algae and kelp in the Puget Sound region
high levels of polychlorinated biphenyls in salmon in the Puget Sound
The problematic cane toads were initially introduced to Australia to control native beetles that destroy sugar cane crops. In what habitat, then, were the toads introduced? steppe desert tropical wet and dry savanna mediterranean humid subtropical
humid subtropical
What does the red graph line represent? sea surface temperature time, in four-year intervals cholera mortality rate incidence of cholera
incidence of cholera
All else being equal, increased recycling will ________. -increase the amount of economically recoverable metals -shift extraction and mining methods to technically recoverable metals -cause a sharp rise in the price of metals -increase the lifetime of economically recoverable metals -result in discoveries of new metal deposits
increase the lifetime of economically recoverable metals
The tendency of humans to want to live in these Sky Islands, visit them for recreation, and use them for lumber or for wood pulp, causes ________. major changes in local climate increased buffer zones increased transitional areas increased habitat fragmentation and alteration increased genetic diversity
increased habitat fragmentation and alteration
Cigarette smoke and radon are two of the most common __________ hazards. biological outdoor photosynthetic indoor
indoor
The Toxic Substances Control Act regulates ________. industrial chemicals cosmetics drugs pesticides food additives
industrial chemicals
Imagine a large state park near your home. Which of the following are probably the most crucial and essential part of that park's ecosystem? birds insects mammals trees
insects
The greatest species diversity is found in which of the following groups? flowering plants insects birds fish mammals
insects
Being interested in native butterflies, you include the native caterpillar host plants of several butterflies in your annual landscape design. You are happy to see that caterpillars and butterflies appear in your yard. However, the butterflies tend to disperse out of our yard. Which of the following could you do to keep the butterflies in your garden? -try to introduce predators of the butterflies -ask the neighbors to refrain from planting "butterfly plants" in their yards -use pesticides to kill off predators -introduce native flowering plants the adult butterflies need for nectar, their main food -place pans of honey solution around your yard to feed the butterflies
introduce native flowering plants the adult butterflies need for nectar, their main food
Biodiversity enhances human food security because it ________. -creates genetic uniformity -decreases the number of predators -increases the number of available pathogens -is a potential source of new foods or new varieties of existing foods -reduces the number of pollinators available to any one plant species
is a potential source of new foods or new varieties of existing foods
The sixth mass extinction event __________. -happened millions of years ago and was caused by an asteroid -has not occurred -happened billions of years ago as a result of the sun being further away from Earth -is ongoing and has been caused by human disturbance
is ongoing and has been caused by human disturbance
Ecosystem-based timber harvesting uses methods that ________. -leave seed-producing or mature trees uncut to provide for future forests -have the greatest impacts on forest ecosystems -are the most cost efficient in the short term -are ecologically harmless -are very popular with timber companies
leave seed-producing or mature trees uncut to provide for future forests
The formation of sedimentary rock through compaction and cementation is termed __________. tectonic plates mineralization igneous rock formation lithification
lithification
Six friends are trapped while exploring a mine in Kentucky similar to the mine in West Virginia where others were trapped. Which of the following will likely be the most dangerous to those trapped? low oxygen toxic chemicals abandoned machinery very warm temperatures
low oxygen
In addition to the butterfly project, you decide to stop spraying the pesticides that control lawn pests. Over the next year, you notice that the lawn grass doesn't grow as well, and many other species of plants invade the lawn, many of them native species. The disuse of pesticides would likely result in all of the following EXCEPT: -an increase in bird species in your yard. -competition between the lawn grass and the new species that colonize the area. -an increase in herbivorous insects and the small predators that eat them. -an increase in pollinating insects visiting your lawn and gardens. -lower survival rates for the caterpillars and butterflies.
lower survival rates for the caterpillars and butterflies.
Longer projected lifetimes for scarce minerals can be achieved with all of the following, EXCEPT: -finding more available substitutes for these minerals. -recycling. -exploring for new mineral reserves. -researching more efficient extraction techniques. -lowering prices for products using these minerals.
lowering prices for products using these minerals.
Studies of endocrine disruptors have shown that they are closely associated with all of the following EXCEPT: erectile dysfunction. gonadal abnormalities. thyroid hormone abnormalities. male feminization. lung cancer.
lung cancer
What is the downslope movement of soil and rock due to gravity? mass wasting Tsunami Flooding Earthquake
mass wasting
If a mineral is opaque, lustrous, malleable, and can conduct heat and electricity, it is a(n) ________. element metal crystal gemstone radioactive element
metal
The U.S. Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act of 1977 requires ________. -restoration of the identical ecosystem and biodiversity present before mining began -mining companies to post bonds to cover restoration of mined areas before permits are granted -all mined minerals to be processed and sold only within the United States -no remediation of water pollution, except in the case of uranium mining -20% of sales revenues to be donated to national park maintenance
mining companies to post bonds to cover restoration of mined areas before permits are granted
There are groups of tropical birds, such as trogons and parrots that are usually considered to live in Central America and the mountains of southern and central Mexico. Small populations of these birds migrate into the United States each year. It is probably true that ________. -more of these birds are found in the mountains of New Mexico and Arizona than in the mountains of Colorado, Utah, or Nevada -these birds migrate to the United States in the winter because it is warmer here -more of these birds are found in the taller mountains of Colorado than in the shorter mountains in southern Arizona, even if the relative area of the mountains is the same -these birds have higher genetic diversity in the U.S. populations than in the populations in Central America -these birds can live in the lower, drier elevations in the United States as well as in the mountain ranges
more of these birds are found in the mountains of New Mexico and Arizona than in the mountains of Colorado, Utah, or Nevada
Which of the following is true? -Mountain caribou are protected in the United States and Canada. -Mountain caribou are protected in Canada but not in the United States. -Mountain caribou are protected in the United States but not in Canada. -Mountain caribou are not protected in the United States or Canada.
mountain caribou are protected in the united states and canada
In the United States, most logging takes place in ________. the northern Midwest Pennsylvania and New York conifer forests in the west and pine plantations in the south New England national parks
national parks
Based upon the specific health effects described above, mercury would be best classified as a(n) ________. synergist allergen neurotoxin carcinogen endocrine disruptor
neurotoxin
We can conclude from the data in the figure that ________. -our collective use of metal resources is unsustainable -after 400 years, all the metals shown will have entirely disappeared from Earth -we are currently using metals sustainably -known global reserves are increasing to keep pace with consumption -recycling, reducing consumption, and finding alternative materials will not keep prices from rising
our collective use of metal resources is unsustainable
What does the y-axis show? -percentage of landscape occupied by a forest stage -total area occupied by a forest stage, in square miles -time, in 50-year intervals -relative frequency of forest fires between 1700 and 1988
percentage of landscape occupied by a forest stage
For which group of organisms is evidence of positive effects the strongest? Soil microbes Birds and mammals Beetles Plants
plants
Which of the following minerals is the least common in this region? iron ore gold platinum coal lead
platinum
What is the second greatest cause of decline for threatened species? fires habitat loss disease pollution
pollution
The precautionary principle approach to chemical testing __________. -allows new products to move rapidly from the lab to consumers -makes governments responsible for testing and making sure new products are safe -increases the risk that consumers will be exposed to hazardous chemicals before the products are pulled from the shelf -prevents products from entering the marketplace until well tested
prevents products from entering the marketplace until well tested
Which term quantitatively describes the likelihood that you would have an effect from exposure to an environmental toxin? inevitability possibility X factors probability
probability
If the Sky Islands become rapidly warmer and drier, the endemic species there will ________. -be forced to interbreed with other species to preserve genetic diversity -successfully adapt to changing conditions -probably suffer a high extinction rate -move farther into the core area of the "sky island" -move down the mountain slopes and displace species living at lower elevations
probably suffer a high extinction rate
Which one of the following is an ecosystem service? protection of endangered species forensics captive breeding programs purification of water
purification of water
You are working with the Earth Microbiome Project, studying microbes found on bullfrogs. Which of the following do you analyze? rRna mtDNA DNA tRNA
rRna
The dwindling supplies of rare strategic metals such as indium, tantalum, and platinum may be extended if we rigorously ________. -exploit known deposits more efficiently -increase demand for the products in which they are used -reduce demands for social and economic justice -recycle existing supplies -relax environmental requirements for mining
recycle existing supplies
Alligators in polluted lakes in Florida have been shown to have a higher prevalence of ________ than alligators in uncontaminated lakes. lung cancer reproductive abnormalities lead poisoning and poaching suicide mercury poisoning
reproductive abnormalities
A(n) ________ is a solid aggregation of ________. element; crystals rock; minerals crystal; rocks mineral; crystals mineral; rocks
rock; minerals
What does the left y-axis show? -sea surface temperature anomaly, in degrees Celsius -time, in four-year intervals -sea surface temperature anomaly, in degrees Fahrenheit -sea surface temperature, in degrees Celsius -incidence of cholera, as a percentage of the normal rate
sea surface temperature anomaly, in degrees Celsius
With very few exceptions, what sort of forest is in the United States? primary forests secondary forests tertiary forests quaternary forests
secondary forests
The ________ system of timber harvesting involves leaving small numbers of mature trees in place to provide shelter for seedlings as they grow. nursery-tree "cherry-picking" clear-cutting single-tree selection shelterwood
shelterwood
In order to protect mountain caribou, which group of people would be best to get support from? hunters mountain bikers fishermen snowmobilers
snowmobilers
Coal mining involves which two of the following mining techniques? strip mining and subsurface mining subsurface mining and placer mining strip mining and placer mining solution mining and subsurface mining
strip mining and subsurface mining
In his 2005 book, Last Child in the Woods, Richard Louv maintains that today's children ________. -have a better understanding of natural environments than their grandparents -develop more balanced emotions in urban compared to natural settings -should not participate in environmental education programs until high school -should not be exposed to the dangers of natural ecosystems -suffer psychologically and emotionally from "nature deficit syndrome"
suffer psychologically and emotionally from "nature deficit syndrome"
You work for the Office of Surface Mining for the U.S government. During which season will you need to be most vigilant when it comes to illegal mine exploration? winter fall spring summer
summer
Is this statement supported or not supported by the graph? Between 1700 and 1985, the dominant forest stage on the Yellowstone Plateau progressed from establishment stage to old-growth forest, in a pattern typical of secondary succession. supported not supported cannot be determined from the graph
supported
Which of the following phrases best describes goals behind the resource-management strategies that do not deplete the resource? Preservation of natural areas Soil conservation Maintenance of species diversity in ecosystems Sustainable use of natural resources
sustainable use of natural resources
The health problems of Puget Sound killer whales include __________. -symptoms similar to AIDS -flu-like symptoms that include high fevers and decreased appetites -respiratory problems related to their gills -deformed embryos
symptoms similar to AIDS
Coltan ore contains ________. aluminum tantalum cobalt coal uranium
tantalum
Feral European rabbits now occupy all but the northern parts of Australia. Before their population growth in the mid-1800s, they were introduced to this Australian island and state that is separated from the mainland by the Bass Straight. South Island Tasmania North Island Wake Island Kangaroo Island
tasmania
Nicotine and alcohol have been shown to be harmful to a fetus in the womb in that they can lead to birth defects. Nicotine and alcohol are, therefore, potential __________. allergens endocrine systems teratogens hormones
teratogens
________ are substances that cause birth defects. Neurotoxins Carcinogens Teratogens Allergens Vectors
teratogens
You have been appointed as a chief advisor for the MIDAS project. As far as costs of restoration and reclamation of mining sites, you should strongly recommend that ________. -the U.S. military should take responsibility for all costs incurred -the Afghan central government should take responsibility for all costs incurred -any corporation wishing to invest should post a bond for reclamation and hire Afghans to do the work -the U.S. EPA should oversee the operation and pay for it -the costs be shared by the Afghan central government and also by the most powerful tribal leaders
the costs be shared by the Afghan central government and also by the most powerful tribal leaders
Tsunamis are caused by ________. -abnormally high and sustained winds -the displacement of sea water by volcanoes, earthquakes or coastal landslides -abrupt changes in temperature of seawater -hot water entering the oceans from undersea faults -global climate change
the displacement of sea water by volcanoes, earthquakes or coastal landslides
Minerals are components of ________. -soil horizons -the troposphere -sedimentary rocks -the lithosphere -organic components of Earth's crust
the lithosphere
The direct consequences of biodiversity loss include ________. overharvesting the loss of sources of medicines health and social impacts increased human population growth global climate change
the loss of sources of medicines
The number of species on an island remains relatively constant when _____. -species richness increases -the rate of successful colonization equals the extinction rate -the rate of successful colonization is greater than the extinction rate -the rate of successful colonization is less than the extinction rate -none of these occur
the rate of successful colonization equals the extinction rate
What does the red graph line represent? establishment stage transition stage old-growth stage thinning stage
thinning stage
A migratory bat species pollinates agave plants in northern Mexico on its way to the southwestern United States where it spends the summer eating insects and reproducing. Farmers spraying pesticides affect these bats, which eat the insects and also feed them to the baby bats. This could be the start of a story about ________. insect biodiversity an umbrella species threats to a keystone species sustainable agriculture an extirpation
threats to a keystone species
What was the impetus to pass the Montreal Protocol? To protect human health. To prevent catastrophic crop failure. To slow climate change. To protect tropical rainforests.
to protect human health
The type of species that is generally most vulnerable to human impact is the ________. competitive species decomposer primary consumer producer top predator
top predator
What sort of reserve can act as a "peace park"? Wilderness protected areas Transboundary reserves Biosphere reserves Marine protected areas
transboundary reserves
In recent years, global climate change has caused more severe droughts in the western United States, resulting in ________. -extended growing seasons that benefit the trees -the loss of western tropical rainforests -trees being weakened and stressed, making them more susceptible to bark beetle infestation -lower occurrence of forest fires -fewer problems with diseases
trees being weakened and stressed, making them more susceptible to bark beetle infestation
Which of the following forestry practices would best conserve biodiversity? the shelterwood approach leaving several small areas uncut in the middle of a clear-cut using a selection system to get uneven-aged stands clear-cutting stands of timber
using a selection system to get uneven-aged stands
The National Forest Management Act ________ national forest land. -offers subsidies to timber companies for road building on -was passed to set up the formation of land trusts on -was passed by the Bush administration in 2004 to loosen environmental protections and restricting public oversight of -was passed in 1976 with the intent to ensure multiple use and sustainable yield of -directs timber companies to remove small trees, underbrush, and dead trees to reduce fires in
was passed in 1976 with the intent to ensure multiple use and sustainable yield of
This is the U.S. government designation that provides the most protection from human damage to a public area. national park national wildlife refuge national forest wilderness area
wilderness area
________ are federal lands that are off-limits to development but are open to hiking, nature study, and other low-impact public recreational activities. Wilderness areas Biosphere reserves National forests State parks Bureau of Land Management lands
wilderness areas
The national _____________ system, begun in 1903 by President Theodore Roosevelt, now totals more than 560 sites comprising nearly 60 million ha. land trusts wildlife refuge biosphere reserves wilderness areas.
wildlife refuge
You are the CEO of a startup interested in mining for uranium. Should you look into Greenland as a possible location to grow your business? Only if your company is located in Europe. Only if your company is located in Greenland. No. Yes.
yers
You visit Bears Ears National Monument in Utah. Can you ride your mountain bike there? Yes No It is up to the park manager to decide. It is up to the state of Utah to decide.
yes
All of the following are ways that humans reduce biodiversity in ecosystems except __________. habitat loss introduction of invasive species zoos pollution
zoos