Environmental Science Final Review: Chapter 19
11.Which of the below diagrams is an appropriate representation of the ozone molecule? https://college.cengage.com/nextbook/shared/life_science/miller_9781285197289/images/9781285197289-0076-t2.png?token=B54F01BC4275EBC5FAC044D1C7749B14FB7E8B3AF82AD0C290D8279C43DACA023966BEDD5F1F1FB9CF4300AE360C6064773CC4E6756416A7D6784EB13F1B42ED7581EA9182034206
B
1.In 1991, Mount Pinatubo exploded, throwing tons of pollutants and ash into the atmosphere and giving climatologists and scientists a real-world laboratory to study. What was one result for climatologists of the Mount Pinatubo eruption? a.Climatologists were unable to make any predictions about the effect of the eruption on global climate. b.Climatologists were able to assess their predictions of the eruption on global temperatures. c.Climatologists predicted no global changes from the eruption. d.Climatologists were not making predictions when Pinatubo erupted. e.Climatologists had to radically revise their predictions based on the eruption.
1. b. Climatologists were able to assess their predictions of the eruption on global temperatures.
10.Which of the following is NOT an effect of ozone depletion in the stratosphere? a.Increased sunburns, resulting in a possible increase in skin cancers b.An increase in cataracts in both humans and some species of wildlife c.Disrupted populations of phytoplankton, which could reduce populations of certain marine organisms d.Increased asthma and bronchitis problems caused by inhalation of propellants in aerosol cans e.Increased atmospheric warming as oceans become unable to remove as much carbon dioxide from the air
10. d.Increased asthma and bronchitis problems caused by inhalation of propellants in aerosol cans
12.Which of the below is NOT true of CFC molecules as they rise through the atmosphere? a.CFCs remain in the atmosphere for extended periods of time. b.CFCs rise through the atmosphere via convection currents. c.CFCs are broken down by UV radiation, releasing chlorine atoms. d.CFC atoms can last in the atmosphere hundreds of years. e.CFC atoms are no longer a danger to ozone after UV light breaks them down.
12. e.CFC atoms are no longer a danger to ozone after UV light breaks them down.
13. Many climate change analysts believe that because of the difficulty in making large reductions in greenhouse gases, we need to prepare for the harmful effects of large-scale climate warming and change. Which of the following is a method of preparing for long-term harmful effects of climate change? a.Replace incandescent lightbulbs with compact fluorescents. b.Plant trees to shade houses and absorb from the atmosphere. c.Buy products from companies that are actively reducing their carbon footprints. d.Walk, bike, carpool, or utilize mass transit. e.Connect wildlife reserves with corridors and move people inland.
13. e.Connect wildlife reserves with corridors and move people inland.
https://college.cengage.com/nextbook/shared/life_science/miller_9781285197289/images/9781285197289-0075-t2.png?token=B54F01BC4275EBC5FAC044D1C7749B14FB7E8B3AF82AD0C290D8279C43DACA023966BEDD5F1F1FB9CF4300AE360C6064773CC4E6756416A7D6784EB13F1B42ED7581EA9182034206 ======================================================= 2.Which of the statements below about the earth's current warming trend is true based on the diagrams? a.There has been a uniform warming of the earth since 1900. b.The temperature of the earth has been stable and unchanging over the previous centuries. c.Greenhouse gases have been slowly accumulating in the atmosphere, promoting global warming. d.The earth has experienced many warming and cooling trends over the previous centuries. e.Humans have been influencing global temperatures for the last few centuries. ======================================================= 3. Calculate the average annual change in temperature from 1900 to 2000. a. 0.006 b. 0.06 c. 0.6 d. 6. e. 60. ======================================================= 4. Which of the below was not utilized to generate the data shown in the graphs? a.Bubbles of ancient air found in ice cores b.Pollen samples taken from the bottoms of lakes c.Dust samples from the ozone layer d.Historical records e.Pollen and minerals in different layers of bat dung
2. d. The earth has experienced many warming and cooling trends over the previous centuries. =================================================== 3. a. 0.006 =================================================== 4. c. Dust samples from the ozone layer
5.Which of the below has a cooling effect on the earth's atmosphere? a.Particulate matter from burning grasslands and forests b.Aerosols such as sulfate particles c.Carbon particles from diesel exhaust d.Carbon dioxide from burning fossil fuels e.Condensation trails left by jet planes
5. b.Aerosols such as sulfate particles
6.Which of the following is an unavoidable effect of the current warming trend of the earth? a.Flooding of low-lying cities and island nations b.Melting of the permafrost and tundra, releasing methane gas c.Premature extinction of 20-30% of plant and animal species d.Bleaching of coral reefs and spread of deserts e.Collapse of the Amazon rain forest
6. d. Bleaching of coral reefs and spread of deserts
7.Which of the below is a positive feedback mechanism that could be accelerating the warming of the earth's atmosphere? a.Absorption of by the oceans b.Increase in severe weather in certain areas c.Severe drought, causing the earth to be browner and absorb more radiation d.Spraying of sulfate particles in the atmosphere, reflecting light e.Changing of ocean currents, carrying heat to different places
7. c.Severe drought, causing the earth to be browner and absorb more radiation
8.A 2007 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) report stated that the world's oceans are very likely to rise 18-59 cm during this century. The majority of this rise will occur as a result of a.increased rainfall in areas that normally have droughts, as a result of El Niño. b.newly opened shipping lanes that cause more melting of the arctic ice sheet. c.more icebergs calving and flowing to lower latitudes to melt. d.additional water reaching the oceans as permafrost melts. e.thermal expansion of ocean water.
8. e. thermal expansion of ocean water.
9.Which of the below is NOT a way of reducing the release of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere? a.Utilizing cleaner burning natural gas with less sulfur b.Increasing the production of energy with nuclear power c.Use conservation tillage on all cropland d.Increase efficiency of coal-fired plants e.Shift to renewable energy sources
9. a.Utilizing cleaner burning natural gas with less sulfur
