ERS
Bureau of Indian Affairs
anytime a federal government engages in any relationship with a tribal nation -federal agency to administer Native American and US land agreements and other treaties -trust services (land) -Justice services (law, court) -general services (education)
BPP
armed defense against police brutality
Ozawa vs US, Thind vs US
Japanese cannot become citizens -eastern indians are caucasian but cannot become citizens
Mass lynching at Mankato
Lakota/Dakota forced off ancestral land and hunting ground by European American settler -US government failed to pay promised by fed gov't -towns abandoned -in the end; lots died and Lincoln compromised
The unprejudiced-discriminator-Fair weather illiberal
May be close minded, but may not be for some cases
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
Mexican citizens become US citizens -CA, NV, UT and parts of AZ, NM, CO, WY -Despite treaty, seizing of property by white US
California indenture Act
Native Americans in CA re-enslaved, auctioned for four years
thomas jefferson
believed blacks inferior -held over 600 slaves -wanted to end trans-atlantic slave trade
phenotype
biological term that refers to how we look including skin color, facial features, eye shape, hair color
SCLC
black churches
differential power
although not always a numerical minority, minority suggests the lack of power to counteract unequal treatment
3/5 compromise
blacks count as 3/5 of a person in determining representatives in US house
Dred Scott
-blacks not citizens -no rights the while man bound to respect -slavery can exist anywhere
Dawes Act of 1887
-gave individuals land -also tried to get them to move -native americans encouraged to farm privately or work manual industrial trades -140 million acres to 50 million acres
15th amendment
forbade states from excluding citizens from voting "on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude" -does not guarantee right to vote (women, poll taxes, literacy tests, property qualifications)
Trail of tears
forced relocation of cherokee after failed assimilation
trans-atlantic slavery
from africa to US could end by 1808
assimilationist minoriites
full cultural and social absorption into a society or acculturation (language, religion, diet, cultural values)
House concurrent resolution #108
gave states full criminal and some civil jurisdiction
fugitive slave clause
if runaway not free, must return to master -permitted recovery of escaped slaves -anthony burns -margaret garner
cultural racism
inability to adapt (doesn't account for political, socioeconomic) is what?
CORE
interstate transit
emancipation proclamation
only applied to confederate controlled territory -no emancipation in union slave states or parts of confederacy under union control -freed slaves
radicalized social systems
organization of a society along racial lines where economic, political, social and psychological, rewards based on one's placement in a racial hierarchy
attitude and cultural transmission theory
passed from generation to generation- no one is born with a prejudice- ex: pledge of allegiance
self-determination
sovereignty -land, water and mineral rights -poverty and child welfare or kidnapping -politics of representation
Wounded Knee 2
standoff between FBI and aim shootout -AIM leaders imprisoned or killed -massacre
racism
system of advantage based on race-belief that humans can be subdivided into distinct hierarchal hereditary groups with innately behavior and mental capacity that in unchangeable
NAACP
the courts
racialization
the granting of race designations to cultural practices
first stream immigration
Germans, Norwegians, Danish, Dutch
social darwinism
Herbert Spencer- "survival of the fittest" -white man's burden-rebirth of scientific racism
page law
1876 prohibition on Chinese women (connection to prostitution
The prejudiced-non discriminator- All weather illiberal
A person who will never be open to anything
The unprejudiced- non-discriminator- All weather liberal
Always have an open mind
The prejudiced- non discriminator- Fair weather liberal
As the social and political issues change, the person either keeps an open mind or not (not always an open mind)
Neo-Marxist theory
Capitalists @ top, peasants @ bottom. -US doesn't have peasants, so we use this theory to talk about our society -ex: correlation between social class and ACT score- the poorer you are, the lower score you will get on the ACT
Appropriations Act of 1871
Congress votes to not recognize tribal sovereignty -treaty collectively not as nations -legislation rather than treaties
middleman
Economic niche serves elites and workers as small businesses, between producers and consumers
split labor market theory
Race within class context, white privilege -work against own class interests -conflicts work and race together
special field order #5
William T sherman promised free blacks in FL and SC 40 acres and a mule
ethnic stratification
a ranked order of groups where people w/presumed common cultural or physical traits interacting in patterns of dominance and subordination-majority-minority or dominant-subordinate
discrimination
acting on prejudice by treating others unequally- means there is action involved
UNIA
action business development
15th amendment
all male citizens of age can vote
loving vs. Virginia
allows interracial marriage
Tuskegee syphilis -USPHS
conducted study of black men -syphilis -"bad blood" -long term impact of disease on the body -failed to receive treatment
Robert park's 4 stages of race relations cycle
contact (conquest, annexation), competition, accommodation, assimilation
Helm's model
contact, disintegration, reintegration, pseudo-independent, immersion/emersion, autonomy
7 stages of assimilation from Milton Gordon's model
cultural, marital, structural, identification, attitude-receptional, behavioral-receptional, civic
pan-indian identity
culturally different tribal nations begin to see each other identify as american indian in addition to nation
national urban league
employment
13th amendment
ends slavery except punishment for a crime
Jim Crow laws
enforced racial segregation (racism)
scientific racism
enlightenment and Tabula Rasa are examples of what?
stereotype
essentialism or a simplified picture of an entire group based on a single experience, ignorance, limited info, or prejudice despite exceptions
captive
exchange and slavery in the spanish controlled western lands -mexican independence from spain -mexico outlaws indian and african slavery -most hunted by US settlers and remainder servants
Native americans in massachusetts
farmers, woodworkers, leather crafts (stereotyped as hunters) -developed agricultural and representative political system -from mutual apprehension and cooperation to British colonial expansion -fear that English "go native" -move from a "civilization to extermination" policy
Indian Removal Act
lead to trail of tears -state or fed government and power to negotiate -sovereignty -states have no power or authority to pass laws concerning sovereign indian nations -abolished tribal sovereignty
1790 naturalization act
limits naturalized US citizenship to whites -not overturned until 1952 immigration and nationality Act -voting first limited to white male property owners
pluralistic minorities
maintain cultural ways while participating in societies major political and economic institutions or structural assimilation
navajo
mestizo children and captive women assimilated
Native Americans in the Chesapeake
more developed than the suggested by pro-expansionist Englishmen -elaborate numbering and cataloguing/cataloging system -five seasons calendar -ceramic and woven pots and baskets (corn, tobacco, housing, clothing)
14th amendment
naturalized and born citizens, but excludes native americans (only whites can become naturalized citizens)
most southern black for to become sharecroppers
perpetual dept, rotating credit system
one drop and beyond -hypodescent status
person takes on status of lower or darker-skinned parent -most states used mulatto, anti-miscogenation laws -defining beauty and the right to marry -multi-racial movement
Bi/multi-racial identity development model
personal identity, choice of group organization, enmeshment/denial, appreciation, integration
rise of Jim crow
plessy vs. ferguson -prevent blacks from voting -segregation
prejudice
preconceived judgement or opinion often based on limited information- in the mind/brain-any kind of misconception
ethnocentrism
prejudice and discrimination based on sense of cultural superiority
cultural transmission theory
prejudices we have (race, gender, social class, religion) we learn them from somewhere else
racial formation
process in which race operates as a central part of social relations, which determine a groups place in social, economic and political institutions
social construct
racial takes on whatever meaning people give it in a society
Indian relocation act of 1956
relocation from rural and reservations to urban cities
Chinese exclusion Act 1882
renewed every 10 years until 1903 then indefinite -limited to laborers -merchants, students and teachers not included -repealed 1943 Magnuson Act
secessionist minorities
seeks neither assimilation not cultural autonomy
militant minorities
seeks status at the dominant group in a society
company to chattel slavery
slaves were legally private property -christianity no longer protection from life-long slavery
Franz Boas
social and cultural factors- not race
indentured servants
sold labor for passage to chesapeake -skin color distinguished early laborers -worked, lived, and slept together as unfree -freedom @ end of term -some were kidnapped Irish workers
National congress of american indians
viewed this as the white mans war -20% NA where navajo -poverty -PTSD -bilingualism
SNCC
voting restrictions, transit and restaurants
individual, cultural, institutional
what are the three types of racism?
Alcatraz
what island did the american indians get kicked off of?
commanche
women and children assimilated
chicarilla apache
women excluded, children assimilated