Evolution

Convergence (Convergent Evolution)

What is the development of a similar anatomical feature in distinct species lines after divergence from a common ancestor that did not have the initial trait that led to it?

Speciation

What is the formation of new species?

Artificial Selection

What is the process, named by Charles Darwin, in which breeders select individuals that have desirable traits to be the parents of each new generation?

Adaptive Radiation

What is the progressive diversification of a species into two or more species as groups adapt to different environments?

Cladogenesis

What is the resulting branched evolutionary pattern of adaptive radiation?

Anagenesis

What is the resulting non-branching evolutionary pattern of successive speciation?

Macromutation

What pace of evolution is a big mutation that produces sudden evolutionary change skipping over transitional forms?

Punctuated Equlibrium

What pace of evolution is a large amount of change in a short time tied to a speciation event?

Phyletic Gradualism

What pace of evolution is a slow, steady divergence of lineages?

Jean Baptiste Lamarck

Who was the first to say that organisms change over time as they adapt to changing environments?

Successive Speciation

What evolution of species occurs within a single evolutionary line without the branching of adaptive radiation?

Convergence (Convergent Evolution)

Between parallelism and convergence, in which are common ancestors further from modern day species?

Natural Selection

What is a cause of evolution in which inherited characteristics of a population from one generation to the next cause change due to advantageous traits?

Parallelism (Parallel Evolution)

What is a similar evolutionary development in different species lines after divergence from a common ancestor that did not have the characteristic but did have an initial anatomical feature that led to it?

Cladistics

What approach to classification involves making a distinction between derived and primitive traits when evaluating the importance of homologous in determining placement of organisms within the Linnaean classification system?

Homologies (Homologous Structures)

What are anatomical features of different organisms that have a similar appearance or function because they were inherited from a common ancestor that also had them?

Analogies (Analogous Structures)

What are anatomical features that have the same form or function in different species that have no known common ancestor?

Homoplasies

What are misleading similarities in nonhomologous structures of animals from a common ancestor?

Convergent Evolution, Coevolution, Adaptive Radiation, Extinction, Gradualism, and Punctuated Equilibrium

What are the patterns of macroevolution?

Natural Selection, Migration, Mate Choice, Mutation, and Genetic Drift

What are the processes of microevolution?

Parallelism, Convergence, or Chance

What can cause homoplasies?

Homologies and Homoplasies

What causes analogies?

Separate species lines experiencing the same kinds of natural selection over time

What causes parallelism and convergence?

A species consisting of a single breeding population over generations, spontaneously mutating

What causes successive speciation?

Natural Selection

What drives adaptive radiation?