Evolve Pharmacologic Principles (Ch 2)

A patient asks the nurse why a lower dose of IV pain medication is being given than the previous oral dose. What is the nurse's best response to the patient? "Medications given orally bypass the portal circulatory system." "Medications given intravenously are not affected by the first-pass effect." "Drugs administered intravenously enter the portal system before systemic distribution." "A large percentage of an intravenously administered drug is metabolized into inactive metabolites in the liver."

"Medications given intravenously are not affected by the first-pass effect."

Patients with renal failure would MOST likely have problems with which pharmacokinetic process? Excretion Absorption Metabolism Distribution

Excretion

To achieve the most rapid onset of action, the health care provider will prescribe the medication to be administered by which route? Intrathecally IV IM Subcut

IV

When administering two medications that are highly protein bound, the nurse understands to monitor the patient carefully for which effect? A short duration of medication action Increase in the risk of drug-drug interactions Immediate improvement in the patient's condition Hypovolemic shock caused by a low albumin level

Increase in the risk of drug-drug interactions

The nurse understands that drugs exert their actions on the body by what process? (Select all that apply.) Interacting with receptors Altering metabolic chemical processes Making the cell perform a new function Inhibiting the action of a specific enzyme

Interacting with receptors Altering metabolic chemical processes Inhibiting the action of a specific enzyme

Which nursing action will increase the absorption of a medication administered intramuscularly (IM)? Massage the site after injection. Apply ice packs to the injection site. Lower the extremity below the level of the heart. Administer the medication via the Z-track method.

Massage the site after injection.

What is another term for biotransformation of a drug? Dilution Excretion Absorption Metabolism

Metabolism

A drug given by which route is altered by the first-pass effect? Oral Sublingual Intravenous (IV) Subcutaneous (subcut)

Oral

What is the ratio between a drug's therapeutic effects and toxic effects called? Affinity Tolerance Therapeutic index Cumulative effect

Therapeutic index

The nurse knows that which factors will affect the absorption of orally administered medications? (Select all that apply.) Time of day pH of the stomach Form of drug preparation Patient in high-Fowler's position Presence of food in the stomach

Time of day pH of the stomach Form of drug preparation Presence of food in the stomach

Which statement best describes pharmacokinetics? Adverse effects and toxic reactions to medications Physiologic interaction between a drug and body cells Converts medication into its active chemical substance What the body does to the drug after it is administered

What the body does to the drug after it is administered

Drug half-life is defined as the amount of time required for 50% of a drug to: be absorbed by the body. exert a response. be eliminated by the body. reach a therapeutic level.

be eliminated by the body.

What is the study of physiochemical properties of drugs and how they influence the body called? Pharmacology Pharmacokinetics Pharmacodynamics Pharmacotherapeutics

pharmacodynamics