exam 1

down

people with __________ syndrome have an extra chromosome on the 21st pair

random sample

in a __________, each member of a population has an equal chance of being selected to participate

survey

in the __________ method, a large sample of people answer questions about their attitudes or behavior

impairment of one's ability to comprehend speech and to think of the proper words to express his or her own thoughts

wernicke's aphasia causes

he established psychology as a laboratory science

what distinguished wilhelm wundt's contribution from other contributions to psychology?

electricity, neurotransmitters

"messages" travel within neurons by means of __________ and from neuron to neuron by means of __________

the behavior on the playground

Dr. Liu was interested in testing the effects of violent television on six year old children. She showed one group a particularly violent episode of Power Rangers and another group watched a short nonviolent episode of Sesame Street. She then observed the groups in the playground and measured their behaviors. What is the dependent variable in this study?

Clark

Kenneth and Marnie Phipps __________ conducted research that influenced a Supreme Court decision on segregated schools

genes

__________ are the most basic building blocks of heredity

Wilhelm Wundt

__________ founded the school of structuralism

clinical

__________ psychologists evaluate problems such as anxiety and depression through interviews and psychological tests

evolutionary

__________ psychologists note that only the fittest organisms reach maturity and reproduce, thereby transmitting their genes to future generations and causing species to evolve in adaptive directions

gestalt

__________ psychologists saw our perceptions as wholes that give meaning to parts

inaccurate self report

a disadvantage of survey research is __________. for example, people tend to overrate behaviors like church attendance and proper hygiene

400

a neuron can fire up to a limit of about __________ times per second

hypothesis

a(n) __________ is a specific statement about behavior or mental processes that is tested through research

several feet

an axon's length can range from a few millimeters to

sympathetic division on her autonomic nervous system

an editor gets so upset that she is late in working on a manuscript that she throws up her lunch. this probably occurred because of the activity of the

develop when two ova are fertilized

dizygotic twins

thyroxin

ellen loses weight and becomes somewhat agitated. her doctor is most likely to theorize that she is suffering from a deficiency of

control

ideal experiments use experimental groups and __________ groups

afferent neurons transmit the sensation of pain to the spinal cord and to the brain followed by efferent neurons sending the message to your foot to move

if someone steps on your toes, resulting in pain and the movement of your foot, which of the following describes this process?

schizophrenia

it is theorized that people with the psychological disorder called __________ apparently over utilize the neurotransmitter dopamine

axon

neurons have a cell body, or soma; dendrites, which receive "messages"; and a(n) __________, which extends from the cell body and transmits messages

neurotransmitters

neurons transmit messages to other neurons by means of chemical substances called __________

ethical

psychologists adhere to __________ standards that help promote the dignity of the individual, maintain scientific integrity, and protect research participants and clinical clients from harm

behavior and mental processes

psychology is defined as the scientific study of

behavior

psychology is defined as the study of __________ and mental processes

population

samples must accurately represent the target __________

identify and assist students who have problems that interfere with their learning

school psychologists are employed by school districts to

instincts

stereotypical behavior patterns that have evolved within a species are called __________

autonomic

the __________ nervous system regulates the glands and involuntary activities such as heartbeat and digestion

myelin

the axons of many neurons have a fatty insulating sheath called __________

monozygotic (identical)

the behavior of __________ twins is of special interest to psychologists because of their genetic endowment is the same

cerebellum

the brain structure called the __________ is involved in balance and coordination

existence

the concept of a struggle for __________ lies at the core of the theory of evolution

Mary Whiton Calkins

the first female president of the American Psychological Association was

psychoanalysis

the school of psychology that places unconscious impulses and desires at the center of human behavior is

autonomic nervous system

when charlotte hears something embarrassing, she blushes. being a student of psychology, she knows that this condition is controlled by the

the correlation method

you design a test of intelligence. on the theory that intelligence is related to academic performance, you use __________ to test the relationship between performance on your new test and grades in school