Exam 1 Nutrition Ch 1-7
Define fiber
A group name for polysaccharides that cannot be digested and absorbed in the human small intestine. Types include- cellulose, pectin, gums, hemicellulose, insulin, oligosaccharides, fructans lignin, and some resistant starch
6) Which of the following recommendations would be most effective at helping a client maximize iron absorption? A) " Drink Orange juice when you eat iron fortified breakfast cereal." B) " Avoid drinking coffee when you eat red meat." C) " Drink milk with all meals." D) " Eat dried peas and beans in place of red meats."
A) " Drink Orange juice when you eat iron fortified breakfast cereal."
5) A client asks why lowering saturated fat intake is necessary for lowering serum cholesterol levels. Which of the following is the nurses best response? A) " Saturated fat raise the 'bad' cholesterol level more than any other dietary fat." B) " Sources of saturated fat also provide monounsaturated fat, and both should be limited to control blood cholesterol levels." C) " Saturated fat is high in calories, and excess calories from any source increase the risk of high blood Cholesterol levels." D) " Saturated fats make blood more likely to clot, increasing the risk of heart attack."
A) " Saturated fat raise the 'bad' cholesterol level more than any other dietary fat."
8) A client with hyperlipidemia is prescribed niacin. The client asks if he can just include more niacin rich foods in his diet and Fargo the need or niacin in pill form. Which of the following would be the nurses best response? A) " The dose of niacin needs to treat hyperlipidemia is far more than can be consumed through eating a niacin rich diet." B) " You can't get the therapeutic form of niacin through food." C) " Niacin form food is not as well absorbed as niacin from pills." D) " If you are able to consistently choose niacin fortified foods in your diet, your doctor may allow you to forgo the pills and rely on dietary sources of niacin."
A) " The dose of niacin needs to treat hyperlipidemia is far more than can be consumed through eating a niacin rich diet."
2) When developing a teaching plan for a client who is lactose intolerant, which of the following foods would the nurse suggest as source of calcium the client could tolerate? A) Cheddar cheese, boi Choy, broccoli. B) Spinach, beet greens, skim milk. C) Poultry, meat, eggs. D) Whole grains, nuts, and cocoa.
A) Cheddar cheese, boi Choy, broccoli.
6) A client who has been eating too many dietetic candies sweetened with sorbitol May experience which of the following? A) Diarrhea B) Heartburn C) Vomiting D) Low blood glucose
A) Diarrhea
2) Which of the following recommendations would be most effective for someone wanting to eat more fiber? A) Eat legumes more often. B) Eat raw vegetables in place of cooked vegetables. C) Use potatoes in place of white rice. D) Eat fruit for dessert in place of ice cream.
A) Eat legumes more often.
8) Which of the following are the best sources of omega-3 fatty acids? A) Salmon and trout B) Flaxseed and walnuts C) Olive and canola oils D) Cod fish and haddock
A) Salmon and trout
Insoluble fiber
Absorbs water to make stools larger and softer and speed intestinal transit time. Ex- whole grains, bran and the skins and seeds of fruits and vegetables.
Phytonutrients
Aka phytochemicals , are bioactive, non nutrient plant compounds associated with a reduced risk of chronic diseases
Define glycogen
Animal (including human) version of starch; it is stored carbohydrates available for energy as needed
Why is there no dietary source for glycogenv
Any glycogen stored in animal tissue is quickly converted to lactic acid at the time of slaughter
1) The client asked if the cholesterol in shrimp is the "good" or "bad" type. Which of the following would be the nurses best response? A) " All cholesterol is bad cholesterol." B) " Bad and good refer to how cholesterol is packed for transport through the blood. The cholesterol in food is unpackaged and neither bad nor good." C) " Good cholesterol is found in plants; bad cholesterol is found in animal sources." D) " Shrimp has good cholesterol because it is low in saturated fat; foods high in cholesterol and saturated fat are a bad source of cholesterol."
B) " Bad and good refer to how cholesterol is packed for transport through the blood. The cholesterol in food is unpackaged and neither bad nor good."
1) A healthy, young adult client ask how much water he should drink daily. Which of the following would be the nurse's best response? A) " The old adage is true: Drink eight 8 oz glasses of water daily" B) " Drink to satisfy thirst and you will consume adequate fluid" C) " You can't over consume water, so think as much as you can spread out over the course of the day." D) " It is actually not necessary to drink water at all. It is equally healthy to meet fluid requirement with sugar free soft drinks"
B) " Drink to satisfy thirst and you will consume adequate fluid"
3) A client asks why Sugar should be limited in the diet. Which of the following is the nurses best response? A) " A high sugar intake increases the risk of heart disease and diabetes." B) " Foods High In sugar generally provide few nutrients other than calories and may make it hard to consume a diet that has enough of all the essential nutrients. C) " There is a direct correlation between sugar intake and the risk of obesity." D) " Sugar provides more calories per gram than starch, protein, and fat."
B) " Foods High In sugar generally provide few nutrients other than calories and may make it hard to consume a diet that has enough of all the essential nutrients.
6) The client asks if taking supplements of beta carotene will help reduce the risk of cancer. Which of the following would be the nurses best response? A) " Supplements of beta carotene May help reduce the risk of heart disease but not of cancer." B) " Supplements of Beta carotene have not been shown to lower the risk of cancer and may even promote cancer in certain people." C) " Although evidence in preliminary, taking beta carotene Supplement is safe and may prove to be effective against cancer in the future." D) " Natural Supplements of beta carotene are generally harmless; synthetic supplements of beta carotene may increase cancer and should be avoided."
B) " Supplements of Beta carotene have not been shown to lower the risk of cancer and may even promote cancer in certain people."
1) When developing a teaching plan for a client who is on warfarin ( Coumadin ), which of the following foods would the nurse suggest the client consume a consistent intake of because of their Vitamin K content? A) Liver, Milk, and Eggs. B) Brussels sprouts, cauliflower, and spinach. C) Fortified cereals, whole grains, and nuts. D) Dried peas and beans, wheat germ, and seeds.
B) Brussels sprouts, cauliflower, and spinach.
4) The nurse knows that instructions have been effective when the client verbalizes that the sources of synthetic trans fat are. A) Red meat and full fat diary products B) Commercial baked goods and stick margarine. C) Pretzels and nuts D) Butter and lard.
B) Commercial baked goods and stick margarine.
3) what is the primary function of fat? A) To facilitate protein metabolism B) To provide energy C) To promote the absorption of fat soluble vitamins D) To facilitate carbohydrates metabolism
B) To provide energy
Glycogen stored in the liver
Breaks down and releases glucose into the bloodstream between meals to maintain normal blood glucose levels and provide fuel for tissues
3) A client with osteoporosis was advised to drink 3 glasses of milk daily to increase her calcium intake. She wants to know why she just can't take calcium supplements. The nurses best response is. A) " Calcium supplements are a better ideas than drinking more milk because milk provides calories. Just be sure to take the doses spread out over 3 meals. B) " Calcium supplements should be avoided because they raise blood levels of calcium to an unhealthy level." C) " Calcium is best obtained from food, not pills, and fat free milk is one of the best option." D) " It is hard to consume enough calcium through pill form only."
C) " Calcium is best obtained from food, not pills, and fat free milk is one of the best option."
2) A client asked if it is better to consume folic acid from fortified foods or from a vitamin pill. Which of the following is the nurse's best response? A) " It is better to consume folic acid through fortified foods because it will be better absorbed than through pill form." B) " It is better to consume folic acid through vitamin pills because it will be better absorbed than through fortified foods." C) " Fortified foods and vitamin pills have the same form of folic acid, so it does not matter which source you use because they are both well absorbed." D) " It is best to consume naturally rich sources of folate because that for is better absorbed than the folic acid in either fortified food or vitamin pills."
C) " Fortified foods and vitamin pills have the same form of folic acid, so it does not matter which source you use because they are both well absorbed."
1) The nurse knows her explanation of glycemic index was effective when the client says which of the following? A) " Choosing foods that have a low glycemic index is an effective way to eat healthier." B) " Low glycemic index foods promote weight loss because they do not stimulate the release of insulin. " C) " Glycemic index may help me choose the best foods to eat before, during, and after training." D) " Glycemic index is a term to describe the amount of refined sugar in a food."
C) " Glycemic index may help me choose the best foods to eat before, during, and after training."
8) Which should you tell the client about taking mineral supplements? A) " Most Americans are deficient in minerals, so it is wise to take a multi-mineral supplement." B) " Like water soluble vitamins, if you consume more minerals than your body needs, you will excrete them in the urine, so do not worry about taking in to much. C) " If you do not have Mineral deficiency, taking supplements can lead to a potentially excessive intake that can cause adverse health effects." D) " Mineral deficiencies do not exist in the United States, so you do not need to wast your money on them."
C) " If you do not have Mineral deficiency, taking supplements can lead to a potentially excessive intake that can cause adverse health effects."
6) What should a nurse tell a client who likes fish but refuses to eat it because of fear of mercury poisoning? A) " You are justified to be concerned. To be safe, use fish oil supplements instead." B) " You can eat as much fish as you want because most fish are not contaminated with even small amounts of mercury." C) " The benefits of eating 8 oz/week of a variety of fish outweigh any potential risk from mercury." D) " As a compromise, eat 4 oz of fish per week instead of 8oz."
C) " The benefits of eating 8 oz/week of a variety of fish outweigh any potential risk from mercury."
5) A client asks why eating less sodium is important for healthy people. The nurses best response is. A) " Low-sodium diets tend to be low in fat and therefore may reduce the risk of heart disease." B) " Low sodium diets are only effective at preventing high blood pressure, not lowering existing high blood pressure, so the time to implement a low sodium diet is when you are healthy." C) " There is a positive relationship between higher sodium intake and the risk of high blood pressure; lowering sodium intake may help prevent or delay high blood pressure." D) " Low sodium diets are inherently low in calories and help people lose weight, which can help previa variety of chronic diseases."
C) " There is a positive relationship between higher sodium intake and the risk of high blood pressure; lowering sodium intake may help prevent or delay high blood pressure."
3) Which population is most at risk for combined deficiencies of thiamin, riboflavin, and niacin? A) Pregnant Woman B) Vegetarians C) Alcoholics D) Athletes
C) Alcoholics
5) The nurse knows her instructions about choosing dairy products that are lactose free have been effective when the client verbalizes she may tolerate A) Whole milk B) Fat free milk C) Cheddar cheese D) Pudding
C) Cheddar cheese
7) The client wants to eat fewer calories and lose weight by substitute regular sweetened foods with those that are sweetened with sugar alternatives. Which of the following would be the most effective substitution? A) Sugar free cookies for regular cookies B) Sugar free chocolate candy for regular chocolate candy. C) Sugar free soft drinks for regular soft drinks. D) Sugar free ice cream for regular ice cream
C) Sugar free soft drinks for regular soft drinks.
7) A client is diagnosed with pernicious anemia. What vitamin is he not absorbing? A) Folic acid B) Vitamin B6 C) Vitamin B12 D) Niacin
C) Vitamin B12
4) Which vitamin is given in large doses to facilitate wound and bone healing? A) Vitamin A B) Vitamin D C) Vitamin C D) Niacin
C) Vitamin C
What are carbohydrates?
Classified as simple sugars or complex carbohydrates
Refined grains
Consist of only the endosperm ( middle part) of the grain, do not contain the bran and germ portions. They lack fiber, B vitamins, vitamin E, trace minerals, unsaturated fat, most of the phytonutrients found in whole grain.
Whole grains
Contain the entire grain or seed, which includes the endosperm, bran, and germ
4) Which of the following recommendations would be most effective at increasing potassium intake? A) " Choose enriched grains in place of whole grains." B) " Eat more fruits and vegetables." C) " Eat more seafood and poultry in place of red meat." D) " Because there are few goods dietary sources of potassium, it is best optioned by taking potassium supplements."
D) " Because there are few goods dietary sources of potassium, it is best optioned by taking potassium supplements."
5) Which statement indicates that the client understands the instruction about using a vitamin supplement? A) " USP on the label guarantees safety and effectiveness." B) " Natural vitamins are always better for you than synthetic vitamins." C) " Vitamins are best absorbed on an empty stomach." D) " Taking a multivitamin cannot fully make up for poor food choices."
D) " Taking a multivitamin cannot fully make up for poor food choices."
7) A client said he never adds salt to any foods his wife serves, so he believes he is consuming a low sodium diet. Which of the following is the nurses best response? A) " If you don't add salt to any of your foods, you are probably eating a low sodium diet. Continue with that strategy." B) " Even though you aren't adding salt to food at the table, you wife is probably salting food as she cooks. She should stop doing that." C) " Lots of foods are naturally high in sodium, such as milk and meat, in addition to not using a salt shaker, you must also limit foods that are naturally high in sodium." D) " The major source of sodium are processed and convenience foods. Limit their intake make the biggest impact on overall sodium intake."
D) " The major source of sodium are processed and convenience foods. Limit their intake make the biggest impact on overall sodium intake."
7) Which statement indicates the client understands about choosing low fat foods from MyPlate? A) " All items within a good group have approximately the same amount of fat." B) " You don't have to consciously select low-fat items because the empty calorie allowance will account for higher fat choices." C) " It is best to eliminate as much fat from the diet as possible." D) " Within each food group, the foods lowest in fat should be chosen most often."
D) " Within each food group, the foods lowest in fat should be chosen most often."
8) A client is on a low calorie diet that recommends she test her urine for ketones to tell how well she is adhering to the guidelines of her diet. What does the presence of ketones signify about her intake? A) It is too high in protein. B) It is too high in fat. C) It is too high in carbohydrates. D) It is too low in carbohydrates.
D) It is too low in carbohydrates.
4) Compared ro refined grains, whole grains have more A) Folic Acid B) Vitamin A C) Vitamin C D) Phytonutrients
D) Phytonutrients
2) When developing a teaching plan for a client who needs to limit saturated fat, which of the following foods would the nurse suggest the client limit? A) Seafood and poultry B) Nuts and Seeds C) Olive oil and canola oil D) Red meat and full fat dairy products
D) Red meat and full fat dairy products
Soluble fibers
Dissolve in water to a gel-like substance. Ex- oatmeal, legumes, lentils, and citrus fruits. They slow gastric emptying time to promote a feeling of fullness, delaying and blunting the rise in postprandial serum glucose and lowering serum cholesterol
Enriched wheat bread is nutritionally equivalent to whole wheat bread. True or false?
False
Most commonly consumed American foods provide adequate fiber to enable people to meet the recommended intake. True or false?
False
Sugar causes hyperactivity in kids. True or false?
False
Sugar is higher in calories than starch. True or false?
False
The formulas to calculate body mass index (BMI) are different for men and women.
False
The safety of nonnutritive sweeteners is questionable. True or false?
False
The sugar in fruit is better for you than sugar in candy. True or false?
False
To reap health benefits, you must participate in continuous activity for at least 30 minutes.
False
6) " Natural" vitamins are superior to " synthetic " ones.
False) "Natural" Vitamins are not naturally better.
2) All fats are bad fats.
False) "good " fats namely, polyunsaturated and monounsaturated fats may help to lower LDL (Low density lipoprotein) cholesterol when used in place of saturated fat.
10) A chronically low intake of Calvin leads to hypocalcemia.
False) A chronically low intake of calcium compromises the density and strength of bones but does not lead to hypocalcemia. Serum levels of calcium ate maintained within normal range ragardless of calcium intake at the expense of calcium in bones.
2) All minerals consumed in excess of need are excreted in the urine.
False) Although the body rids itself of some excess minerals such as sodium and potassium through urinary excretion, homeostasis of other minerals is achieved by adjusting the rate of mineral absorption.
1) Adult need eight 8 oz glasses of fluid daily to meet their requirement for fluid.
False) Although the old adage to drink eight 8 oz glassesbof fluid daily may be reasonable, there is little scientific evidence to support this recommendation.
7) All oils are predominantly unsaturated fats.
False) Although they are oils, Palm, Palm kernel, and coconut are predominately saturated and are considered solid fats, not oils.
10) All vitamins need to be consumed on a daily basis.
False) Because fat-soluble vitamins are stored, a daily intake is not consideed essential. It is recommended that water soluble vitamins be consumed daily because they are not stored in the body.
3)Sodium is the most plentiful mineral in the body.
False) Calcium is the most plentiful mineral in the body. For most Americans, sodium is the nost abundant mineral in the body.
5) With Vitamins supplements, the higher the price, the better the quality.
False) Cost and quality are not necessarily related.
9) A dietary intake of "fish oils" is essential.
False) Fish oils are not essential in the diet because the body can convert alpha-linolenic acid to EPA (Eicosapentaenoic acid) and DHA (Docosahexaenoic acid), although only in limited quantities. Essential nutrients cannot be made by the body and so must be supplied through food.
7) Protein is found in all My Plate groups.
False) Fruits generally provide negligible protein, and oils are protein free.
8) Healthy adults are in a state of positive nitrogen balance.
False) Healthy adults in neutral nitrogen balance protein synthesis in occurring at the same rate as protein breakdown.
8) Natural folate in foods is better absorbed than synthetic folic acid added to foods.
False) Natural folatein foods is only half as available to the body as synthetic folic acid.
2) Protein is the nutrients most likely to be deficient in a purely vegetarian diet.
False) Over the course of a day, if the food consumed is varied and contains sufficient calories, most vegetarian diets meet or exceed the RDA for protein.
5) Calcium supplements are a safe and effective way to ensure an adequate calcium intake.
False) People are urged to get there nutrients from foods rather than supplements. Recent study suggest calcuim supplements, with or without vitamin D, may increase the risk of cardiovascular events.
9) Vegetarian diet are not adequate during pregnancy.
False) Properly planned vegetarian diet are nutritionally adequate during all phases of pregnancy and lactation.
7) Major minerals are more important for health than trace minerals.
False) The "major" and "trace" descriptions refer to the relative quantity of the mineral found in the body, not to its importance in maintaining health.
4) The risk of consuming mercury from fish outweighs any potential benefits for the general population.
False) The benefit of eating seafood outweighs the potential risk related to the mercury content of fish. Still eating fish that are lower in mercury is recommended.
6) A protein classified as "high quality"!has the majority of calories provided by protein with few fat or carbohydrates calories.
False) The quality of protein is determined by the balance of essential amino acids provided.
5)A high protein intake over time leads to kidney damage.
False) There are no proven risks to having a high dietary protein I take.
1) Daily use of a multivitamin reduces the risk of cardiovascular disease and cancer.
False) There is no clear evidence that multivitamins supplements reduce the risk or cardiovascular disease or cancer in well nourished adults.
9) U.S. Pharmacopoeia (USP) on a label of vitamin supplements means that the product is safe.
False) USP on vitamin label means that the product passes tests that evaluate disintegration, dissolution, strength, and purity.
4) Like vitamins, the mineral content of food can be destroyed by light, heat, or acid during food preparation.
False) Unlike vitamins, minerals are inorganic elements that are bot digested nor are they destroyed by light, heat, or acid during food preparation.
8) Menu items described as being "cooked in vegetable oil" are trans fat free.
False) Vegetable oil is still vegetable oil, even when they are lightly or partially hydrogenated; therefore, the term "vegetable oil " is not synonymous with trans fat free.
2)Vitamins provide energy.
False) Vitamins are needed to release energy from cabohydrates, protien, and fat but are not a source of energy ( calories).
3) The body stores extra amino acid in muscle tissue.
Fase) Unlike Glucose and fat, the body is not able to store excess amino acids for later use.
Define starch
Glucose not used by the plant for immediate energy is stored in the form of starch in seeds, roots, or stems.
Monosaccharides are?
Glucose, fructose, and galactose which are absorbed "as is" without undergoing digestion
Complex carbohydrates are?
Known as polysaccharides, do not taste sweet because their molecules are too large to fit on the youngest taste bud receptors that sense sweetness. Examples: starch, glycogen, and fiber
Humans store their glycogen where in the body?
Liver and muscles, but it is limited
Simple sugars are?
Monosaccharides & disaccharides
Functional fiber
Refers to fiber that has been isolated or extracted from plants and added to food, such as insulin added to some yogurt
Dietary fibe
Refers to the intact and naturally occurring fiber in plants
Define enrichment
Restores some B vitamins and iron to levels found prior to processing
Disaccharides are?
Sucrose, maltose, and lactose, must be split into their component monosaccharides before they can be absorbed
Total fiber
The sum of dietary fiber and functional fiber
Glycogen stored in the muscles
They do not share their supply of glycogen but use it for their own energy needs
A food that is high in "energy" is high in calories.
True
A pound of body fat is equivalent to 3500 calories
True
An effective strategy for limiting calorie intake is to limit food and beverages high in added sugar and solid fat.
True
Beverages such as soft drinks, fruit drinks, sports drinks and sweetened coffee and tea, contribute more added sugars to the typical American day eat than any other food or beverage. True or false?
True
Bread is just as likely as candy to cause cavities. True or false?
True
Building muscle increases metabolic rate
True
Calorie-dense foods provide a relatively high amount of calories with low levels of vitamins, minerals, and other beneficial substances.
True
People shaped like "apples" are at greater health risk than people shaped like "pears."
True
Starch is made from glucose molecules. True or false
True
The dietary guidelines recommend Americans limit their intake of added sugars to less than 10% of total calories consumed. True or false?
True
1) Fat provides more than double the amount of calories as an equivalent amount of carbohydrates or protein
True) All fats, whether saturated or unsaturated, provide 9 cal/g compared to 4 cal/g from carbohydrates and protien.
6) All source of fat are blend of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids.
True) All food fats are a blend of saturated fatty acids, PUFAs (polyunsaturated), and MUFAs (monounsaturated). The description of a fat as "saturated " means that there are more saturated fatty acids thanPUFAs or MUFAs in that source, not that saturated fatty acids are the only fatty acids present.
10) The 2015-2020 Dietary Guidelines of America does not include a recommendation to limit cholesterol intake.
True) Citing lack of evidence of the detrimental role of dietary cholesterol on serum cholesterol levels, the 2015-2020 Dietary Guidelines of American does not include a recommendation on limit cholesterol intake.
3) The body makes two or three times more cholesterol than the typical American consumer.
True) Endogenous cholesterol synthesis is generally two or three time higher than the average cholesterol intake in the United States.
8) For most people, thirst is a reliable indicator of fluid needs.
True) For most people, thirst is a reliable indicator of fluid needs. Exception are the elderly, children, and during hot weather or strenuous exercise.
10) In the United States, Protein energy malnutrition (PEM) occurs most often in hospitalized patients, especially older patients.
True) In the United States, PEM occurs most often in hospitalized patients, especially older patients. Others at risk include people with chronic disease such as AIDS, cancer, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. (COPD)
1) Most Americans eat more than their Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) for protein.
True) Most Americans consume more than their RDA for protien.
9) Trace mineral balance is strongly influenced by interactions with other minerals and dietary factors.
True) Trace minerals balance is a function not only of the quantity of the element consumed but also of the presence of other trace minerals and dietary factors.
5) Tun Margarine is healthier than butter.
True) Tun margarine is healthier than butter because it is lower in saturated fat, which is why it has a softer texture than butter, which is hard because saturated fatty acids are physically able to pack together tightly. Unsaturated fatty acids are physically kinked due to the double bonds And stay liquid at room temperature.
7) Under optimal conditions, Vitamin D is not an essential nutrient because the body can make all it needs from sunlight on the skin.
True) Under optimal conditions, such as exposing unprotected skin to the sun for several minutes, the body can make all the vitamin D it needs provided that kidney and liver functions are normal. However, sunscreen, smog, dark skin, clothing, and dense clound cover hinder vitamin D synthesis.
3) Because underconsumption is linked to adverse health outcomes, Americans low intake of vitamin D is a public health concern.
True) Vitamin D is considered a piblic health concern because Americans do not consume adequate amounts and underconsumption has been linked to adverse health outcomes.
4) Vitamins are susceptible to destruction.
True) Vitamines differ in their vulnerability to air, heat, light, acids, and alkalis. Proper food handling and storage, especially of fruits and vegetables, are needed to preserve vitamin content.
6) Foods high in sodium tend to be low in potassium, and foods high in potassium tend to be low in sodium.
True) foods high in sodium tend to be low in potassium ( preccessed foods like frozen entrees), and fods high in potassiumbtend to be low in sodium. ( fresh vegetables and whole grains)
4) The quality of soy protein is comparable to or greater than that of animal protein.
True) soy protein is complete. It is a high biologic value protein and is comparable in quality to animal protein.
Define fortified
With folic acid, a mandate designed to reduce the risk of neural tube defects
What is the RDA for protein for a healthy adult who weighs 165 lbs.? a) 60g b) 75g c) 100g d) 165g
a) 60g
A client says that she doesn't eat much meat. After teaching the client about serving sizes, the nurse determines that the teaching has been effective when the client states that an ounce of meat provides approx. the same amount of protein as which of the following? a) 8 oz. of milk b) 8 oz. of nuts c) 1/2 oz. of cheese d) 1 cup of black beans
a) 8 oz. of milk
An adult in the hospital has been diagnosed with marasmus. Which of the following would you expect? a) the client has experienced severe weight loss b) the client denies hunger c) the client has lost hair d) the onset of the deficiency was rapid
a) the client has experienced severe weight loss
Which of the following statements regarding nutrition screening is false? a. A nutrition screen is completed only when a patient is suspected of having a nutritional problem. b. A nutrition screen must be completed within 24hours after admission to a hospital or other health-care facility. c. The purpose of nutrition screening is to detect actual or potential malnutrition. d. Health-care facilities are free to choose their own screening criteria and to determine how quickly a patient must be rescreened.
a. A nutrition screen is completed only when a patient is suspected of having a nutritional problem.
Which of the following substitutions results in a healthier choice? a. Eye of round steak instead of beef short rib b. Refried beans instead of cooked or canned pinto beans c. Natural cheese instead of low-fat cheese d. Baked potato with cheese sauce instead of baked potato with salsa
a. Eye of round steak instead of beef short rib
Nurses are in an ideal position to a. Screen patients for risk of malnutrition b. Order therapeutic diets c. Conduct nutrition assessments d. Calculate a patient's calorie and protein needs
a. Screen patient for risk of malnutrition
The client asks what protein foods she can eat that are less expensive than meat. Which of the following foods would the nurse recommend she eat more of? a) breads & cereals b) dried peas & beans c) fruit & vegetables d) fish & shellfish
b) dried peas & beans
Your patient has a question about the cardiac diet the dietitian reviewed with him yesterday. What is the nurse's best response? a. ''Ask your doctor when you go for your follow-up appointment'' b. ''What is the question? If I can't answer it, I will get the dietitian to come back to answer it.'' c. ''Just do your best. The handout she gave you is simply a list of guidelines, not rigid instructions'' d. ''If I see the dietitian around, I will tell her you need to see her.''
b. ''What is the question? If I can answer it, I will get the dietitian to come back to answer it.''
How much weight will a person lose in a week if he eats 500 fewer calories/day than he needs and increases his exercise expenditure by 500 calories/day? a. 1 pound/week b. 2 pounds/week c. 3 pounds/week d. There isn't enough information provided to estimate weekly weight loss.
b. 2 pounds/week
Waist circumference is an indicator of a. Percentage of body fat b. Abdominal fat content c. The ratio of body fat to muscle mass d. Body mass index
b. Abdominal fat content
A BMI of 26 is classified as a. Normal b. Overweight c. Class 1 obesity d. Class 2 obesity
b. Overweight
The nurse knows her instructions about portion control have been effective when the client verbalizes she will a. Prepare a doggie bag after she feels she is full enough while eating out. b. Use a smaller dinner plate. c. Be careful not to overfill her cereal bowl when she serves herself from the large, family-sized box. d. Remind herself not to overeat.
b. Use a smaller dinner plate.
Which of the following criteria would most likely be on a nutrition screen in the hospital? a. Prealbumin value b. Weight change c. Serum potassium value d. Cultural food preferences
b. Weight change
A client who is in a positive nitrogen balance is most likely to be: a) a healthy adult b) starving c) pregnant d) losing weight
c) pregnant
The nurse knows her instructions have been effective when the client verbalizes that a source of complete, high-quality protein is found in: a) peanut butter b) black-eyed peas c) soy burgers d) corn
c) soy burgers
A client asks how she can speed up her metabolism. The best response is a. "You can't. Metabolic rate is genetically determined." b. "Ask your doctor to check your thyroid hormone levels. Taking thyroid hormone will stimulate metabolism." c. "Include resistance training in your exercise program because adding muscle tissue will increase metabolic rate." d. "Eat fewer calories because that will stimulate metabolic rate."
c. "Include resistance training in your exercise program because adding muscle tissue will increase metabolic rate."
Which of the following statements is accurate regarding characteristics of a healthy eating pattern? a. ''The only healthy eating pattern is a vegetarian one'' b. ''Healthy eating patterns eliminate foods that are high in saturated fat, added calories, and sodium, such as fried foods, desserts, and snack chips'' c. ''Healthy eating patterns may reduce the risk of several chronic diseases, including cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, and certain cancers.'' d. ''Most young and middle-aged adults consume healthy eating patterns''
c. ''Healthy eating patterns may reduce the risk of several chronic diseases, including cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes and certain cancers.''
Using the simple formula based on calories, how many calories/day would a healthy-weight adult who weighs 70 kg need? a. 2350 to 2800 calories b. 2100 to 2350 calories c. 1750 to 2100 calories d. 1400 to 1750 calories
c. 1750 to 2100 calories
For most Americans, the largest percentage of their total calories expended daily is from a. Physical activity b. Thermal effect of food c. Basal energy expenditure d. Sitting
c. Basal energy expenditure
Which of the following sources of protein would be most appropriate on a low-fat diet? a) eggs b) ground chicken b) boiled ham d) turkey breast without skin
d) turkey breast without skin
Which statements indicates the client understands vegetarian diets? a) vegetarians need to eat more calories than non-vegetarians in order to spare protein b) vegetarian diets are always healthier than non-vegetarian diets c) vegetarians usually do not consume enough protein d) vegetarians may need to take supplements of iron, vitamin B12, and calcium
d) vegetarians may need to take supplements of iron, vitamin B12, & calcium
Chronic diseases, such as cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes, are responsible for approximately 25% of deaths worldwide.
false
Chronic health conditions such as hypertension and type 2 diabetes occur only in adults
false
Older adults tend to have worse eating patterns than young and middle-aged adults.
false
Most Americans consume more ______ than they need
protein
What type of complete protein is a high-biologic value protein and is comparable in quality to animal protein?
soy protein
For several chronic diseases, healthier eating and increased physical activity may provide benefits equal to medication, with lower cost and reduced risk of side effects.
true
Genomics will help researchers determine how specific nutrients interact with genes and other body substances to predict the health of an individual.
true
Most nutrition screenings address body mass index (BMI), appetite, weight change, and severity of disease
true
Nurses are usually responsible for completing nutrition screening
true
Poor diet quality, physical inactivity, smoking, and excess body weight are modifiable risk factors that increase the risk of chronic disease
true
Sitting too much may be a health risk even when physical activity goals are met.
true
The majority of calories expended daily by most Americans are spent on basal needs.
true
The typical American eating pattern is low in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, dairy, and oils.
true
Nutrition care affects the practice of all health-care professionals.
ture
