exam 1 review

The nurse is teaching an elderly patient with difficulty swallowing about his medications. Which explanation by the nurse is most helpful?

"Tablets that are scored can be broken in half."

The nurse knows that which of the following vitamins is needed for calcium absorption and phosphorus metabolism?

D

Which age-related change would affect transdermal drug absorption in geriatric patients the most?

Altered circulatory status

Medications that end with the suffix -conzole (such as fluconazole) are what type of drug?

Antifungals

What will the nurse need to determine first in order to mix two drugs in the same syringe?

Compatibility of the drugs

The nurse determines that a prescribed medication has not been administered as ordered on the previous shift. What action will the nurse take?

Complete an incident report.

A nurse is to administer an intradermal injection to a client. Which of the following degree angles is appropriate for the nurse to use to insert the needle?

10° angle

The nurse knows that all of the following patients may need vitamin supplementation except which one?

34 year old with asthma

Which patient, when compared with the general population, would require a larger dose or more frequent administration of a drug to attain a therapeutic response?

A 35-year-old obese male who is being evaluated for an exercise program

The nurse knows that which of the following vitamins are fat soluble and therefore can cause toxic levels if ingested in excessive amounts?

A,D,K,E

The nurse gave the patient a PO opioid for pain. When should they recheck the patient's pain level?

About 30 minutes

Which of the following is an antiviral that may be used to treat herpes simplex virus?

Acyclovir

Which example best demonstrates safe drug administration by the nurse?

Administering an oral medication with the patient sitting upright

A nurse is caring for a client who has a new prescription for a drug. After receiveing the first dose for the drug, the client experiences anaphylaxis. The nurse should identify that the anaphylaxis represents which of the follwoing results of the drug.

Adverse effect

Which factor(s) affect(s) drug actions? (Select all that apply.)

Body weight, Metabolic rate, illness, age

A nurse is taking care of client who is taking acetaminophen and codeine for pain relief. These analgesic drugs interact with one other to cause an additive effect. Which of the following statements are true of additive effect? (select all that apply)

Both drugs have similar actions. Clients can achieve effects with the use of lower dosages.

What is medication reconciliation?

Comparing the patient's current medication orders to all of the medications actually being taken

A nurse is speaking to a client who is taking sertraline and reports drinking grapefruit juice. The nurse explains grapefruit juice inhibits an enzyme in the liver that is used to metabolize sertraline. The nurse should recognize the clients risk for which of the following?

Drug toxicity

The nurse is preparing to administer Lanoxin to a patient on the telemetry unit. In addition to understanding the patient's diagnosis, the nurse must also know which characteristic(s) of the medication? (Select all that apply.)

Expected actions, Contraindications for use, Adverse effects, Usual dosing

All medications should be given with meals for better absorption.

False

Chemotherapy antibiotic drugs may be used interchangeable with other types of antibiotics.

False

Local anesthetics numb the whole body.

False

Which route(s) enable(s) drug absorption more rapidly than the subcutaneous route? (Select all that apply.)

IV route, IM route, Inhalation/sublingual

Which medication route provides the most rapid onset of a medication but also poses the greatest risk of adverse effects?

Intravenous (IV)

The nurse knows that which of the following vitamins or minerals are needed for hemoglobin regeneration?

Iorn

The nursing assessment identifies that the client is nauseated and cannot take acetaminophen (Tylenol) orally. Which is true regarding the substitution of this medication to suppository form?

It is contraindicated without an order from the healthcare provider.

A nurse is obtaining a clients health history. The client reports no allergies but has experienced mild itching while taking amoxicillin in the past. Which of the following responses should the nurse make?

Itching can indicate a hypersensitivity to amoxicillin.

What must the nurse have before administering any medication? (Select all that apply.)

Knowledge of the patient's diagnosis, A current license to practice, Knowledge of the medication, A medication order signed by a practitioner licensed with prescription privileges

The nurse knows that which of the following can help to decrease the abuse of drugs?

Less relief

A nurse is providing teaching for a client who has a new prescription for a drug with a high potential for toxicity. Which of the following information should the nurse include? (Select all that apply)

Monitoring for indications of toxicity is important. Taking the smallest effetive dose is crucial. Periodic Laboratory tests are essential to measure serum drug levels.

Which medication order requires nursing judgment and means "administer if needed"?

Morphine 4 mg IV every 4 hours PRN

For which reason(s) is/are elderly patients at increased risk for drug interactions and toxicity? (Select all that apply.)

They have increased use of multiple medications. They have a higher incidence of malnourishment. Hepatic function is reduced.

Which of the following is the best description of when drug interactions occur?

On the alteration of the effect of one drug by another drug

The nurse transcribes an order to administer Valium 10 mg IV stat. This order is correctly interpreted by the nurse to mean it should be provided how? (Select all that apply.)

One time only, Immediately, Intravenously

For patients who are vomiting or comatose, medication administration is contraindicated via which route?

Oral

Which action will the nurse take when it is determined that the narcotic count is incorrect while obtaining a medication from the narcotic area?

Report the discrepancy to the charge nurse immediately. Contact the healthcare provider to verify the correct dosage.

What should the nurse remember about older adults in regards to medication administration?

They may have multiple illnesses

A patient developed hives and itching after receiving a drug for the first time. Which instruction by the nurse is accurate?

Stop the medication and encourage the patient to wear a medical alert bracelet that explains the allergy.

A nurse is teaching a newly licensed nurse about crushing medications. The nurse should explain that which of the following medications can be crushed?

Sucralfate tablets

Which drug form is most rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract?

Suspention

A nurse is caring for a client who is receiving nitroglycerin IV and is switching to the oral form of the drug. The nurse should identify that the oral dose will be highter than the IV dose for which of the following reasons.

The oral form has decreased bioavailability because of the first-pass effect.

The nurse knows that which of the following is true about patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) pumps?

The patient is able to self-administer small doses of analgesia

A nurse is caring for a client who is taking diphenhydramine for insomnia and reports drowsiness. The nurse should identify that drowsiness indicates which of the following?

Therapeutic effect

What do drug blood levels indicate?

They determine if the amount of drug in the body is in a therapeutic range.

NG tube Lopressor (Metoprolol)

enternal

oral (PO), acetaminophen (Tylenol)

enternal

A nurse is obtaining a client's health history and discovers the client takes loratadine, an over-the-counter drug. The nurse should identify which of the following is correct regarding over-the-counter drugs? (Select three that apply)

They should be included in the clients drug history assessment. They can interact with other drugs. They do not require the supervision of a nurse.

The nurse is administering an antibiotic intravenously. Which blood level determines the lowest amount of medication present in the patient?

Trough

Iron given IM should be given using the Z-track method because it irritates and causes staining.

True

When body tissue is damaged, fluid is released from within the cells. The COX enzyme converts that fluid into prostaglandins, which stimulates pain receptors in the area. All of the following are COX-2 inhibitors except

acyclovir

Drugs that prevent or inhibit a response are known as

antagonists

All of the following may be used to treat psoriasis except

antibiotics

The patient has been taking Percocet (acetaminophen and oxycodone) for two weeks as needed for pain. The nurse should assess which of the following because of the side effects of this drug?

bowel movements for constipation,Beta blockers help with migraines because they cause, vasodilation

A resident in a long-term care facility reports difficulty swallowing enteric coated aspirin and asks the nurse to crush it prior to administration. The most appropriate action for the nurse to take is to:

hold the medication and notify the physician.

Steroids such as Deltasone or hydrocortisone can reduce pain by decreasing

inflammation

How do Antimetabolite Chemotherapy Drugs fight cancer?

interfere with the metabolic processes of cells

The patient came in unresponsive. The doctor suspects opioid overdose. Which of the following drugs will the nurse expect to give per doctor order?

naloxone (Narcan)

The nurse knows that which of the following is true of vitamin K?

needed for synthesis of prothrombin and clotting factors

Drugs with a half-life of 24 to 30 hours would probably be administered on a dose schedule of

once daily

Cancer causes uncontrolled cell division, compromising normal organ and cell function. All of the following may be used to treat cancer except

opioids

intravenous (IV) injection, furosemide (Lasix)

parenteral

subcutaneous (SQ), insulin (Aspart)

parenteral

intramuscular injection, influenza vaccine

parentral

A patient's liquid cough medicine has been discontinued with one-half of the bottle remaining. The home health nurse is aware that according to the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) guidelines on prescription medication disposal, the next step should be to:

read the drug label for specific disposal instruction

albuterol (Ventolin), nebulizer

topical

transdermal, nicotine patch

topical