Exam #2
A ball-and-socket joint is a multi axial joint T/F
True
Turning the sole of foot medially
inversion
Hinge joints permit movement in only two planes T/F
False
The only movement allowed between the first 2 cervical vertebrae is flexion. T/F
False
The structural unit of spongy bone is called: a. osteons b. lamellar bone c. trabeculae d. compact bone formation
d. trabeculae
An osteon contains osteocytes, lamellae, and a central canal, and is found in compact bone only. T/F
True
Bending of the tip of the finger exhibits flexion T/F
True
Articulations permitting only slight degrees of movement are: a. amphiarthroses b. synarthroses c. diarthroses d. synovial joints
a. amphiarthroses
Where within the epiphyseal plate are the dividing cartilage cell located? a. farthest from the shaft b. closest to the shaft c. in the primary ossification center d. in the medullary cavity
a. farthest from the shaft
Yellow bone marrow contains a large percentage of... a. fat b. blood-forming cells c. elastic tissue d. Sharpey's fibers
a. fat
The remodeling of bone is a function of which cells? a. osteoblasts and osteoclasts b. oseoblasts and osteocytes c. chondroblasts and osteoblasts d. chondrosytes and oseocytes
a. osteoblasts and osteoclasts
The perichondrium: a. surrounds each lacuna in the matrix b. contains mainly loose connective tissue c. contains blood vessels and nerves d. is important for the storage of fat
a. surrounds each lacuna in the matrix
What is moving a limb away from the median plane of the body called?
abduction
Lowering your arm to your side____
adduction
The gliding motion of the wrist uses ____ joints. a. hinge b. plane c. pivot d. condylar
b. plane
Cartilage: a. lacks collagen fibers. b. receives nutrients and oxygen by diffusion c. is easily replaced if damaged d. provides sensation
b. receives nutrients and oxygen by diffusion
Connective tissue sacs lined with synovial membranes that act as cushions in places where friction develops are called______.
bursae sacs
The function of the epiphyseal plate is to: a. allow more flexibility in a long bone b. allow a means by which the bone can increase in diameter c. allow a means by which the bone can increase in length d. provide nourishment to isolates in length e. both b and c are correct
c. allow a means by which the bone can increase in length
Each connective bone lamella has collagen fibers that wrap in alternating directions. T/F
True
Supination is the movement of the forearm in which the palm of the hand is turned from posterior to anterior. T/F
True
Synovial fluid contains phagocytic cells that protect the cavity from invasion by microbes or other debris. T/F
True
The term osteoid refers to the organic part of the matrix of compact bone. T/F
True
Match A: Spiral B: Comminuted C: Greenstick D:Compression 1. An incomplete fracture or cracking of the bone without actual separation of the parts Common in children. 2. Bone fragments into many pieces. 3. Common sports fracture resulting from a twisting force.
1. C: Greenstick 2. B: Comminuted 3. A: Spiral
List four steps of repair of a simple fracture in order
1. hematoma form - blood clot 2.
Match letters on diagram *LOOK* 30. Periosteum 31. Articular cartilage 32. Joint (synovial) cavity 33. Synovial membrane 34. Fibrous capsule
30. A 31. C 32. B 33. E 34. D
Look at the numbers in the diagram above. What type of axis does each joint have? nonaxial uniaxial biaxial multiaxial 35. Joint 1 36. Joint 2(elbow) 37. Joint 4(carpals) 38. Joint 6
35. multiaxial 36. uniaxial 37. nonaxial 38. biaxial
Look at the numbers in the diagram above. Identify each type of synovial joint by name. plane, hinge, pivot, saddle, condylar, ball/socket 39. Joint 1 40. Joint 2(elbow) 41. Joint 4(carpals) 42. Joint 5(thumb and trapezium) 43. Joint 6(metacarpal and phalanx)
39. ball and socket 40. hinge 41. plane 42. saddle 43. condylar
Match the following: A)Lamellae B)Canaliculi C)Endosteum D)Osteoclasts E)Osteoblasts 1. The lining of the marrow cavity 2. Cells that can dissolve the bony marrow 3. Layers of bone matrix. 4. Small channels that radiate through the matrix of bone. 5. Cells that can build bony matrix
4. C) Endosteum 5. D) Osteoclasts 6. A) Lamellae 7. B) Canaliculi 8. E) Osteoblasts
Match the following: A)suture B)gomphosis C)symphysis D)syndesmoses E)synchondroses 44. joint found only in the skull 45. bones united by hyaline cartilage 46. tooth in socket 47. bones united by fibrocartilage 48. bones united by ligaments
44. suture 45. synchondroses 46. gomphosis 47. symphsis 48. syndesmoses
*LOOK AT PICTURE* 51. The zone where new bone is formed 52. The chondrocytes in this zone form stacks. These cells divide quickly, pushing the epiphysis away from the diaphysis. 53. This is the resting zone; the cartilage is inactive on this side of the plate. 54. The chondrocytes in this zone die and deteriorate as their matrix becomes calcified.
51. 4 52. 1 53. 0 54. 3
What can a deficiency of growth hormone during bone formation cause? a. inadequate calcification of bone b. decreased osteoclast activity c. decreased proliferation of the epiphyseal plate cartilage d. increased osteoclast activity
c. decreased proliferation of the epiphyseal plate cartilage
A fracture in the shaft of a bone would be a break in the... a. epiphysis b. metaphysis c. diaphysis d. articular cartilage
c. diaphysis
During endochondral bone formation, the primary center of ossification forms in the: a. proximal epiphysis b. distal epiphysis c. metaphysis d. diaphysis
d. diaphysis
Most bones in the adult store triglyceride in the a. epiphysis b. periosteum c. metaphysis d. medullary cavity e. endosteum
d. medullary cavity
Which of the following are cartilaginous joints? a. syndesmoses b. diarthroses c. sutures d. synchondroses
d. synchondroses
Bending the elbow______
flexion
Bending your head back until it hurts is an example of_______.
hyperextension
Finish labeling Diagram
parathyroid gland parathyroid hormone released PTH increase signals osteoclasts
Turning head side to side_____
rotation
Putting palm in the anatomical position
supimation
