Exam 2 Anatomy Lecture

papillary and reticular layer

In the dermis, what layer is composed of connective tissue we have discussed in the previous section.

basal cells

UV radiation can cause mutation of which cells in the epidermis that can lead to the common form of skin cancer

ethmoid bone

a bone that forms the roof and lateral walls of the upper nasal cavity

eczema

a dry, itchy rash typically caused by an autoimmune disorder. can result in a build up and growth layers of skin

anagen

a very brief phase where the hair shaft attaches to the follicle

catagen

a very brief phase where the hair shaft attaches to the follicle

keratinocytes in the stratum cornea

abrasive wear and tear

fourth-degree burn

affects underlying muscles and bone; not very painful

yellow marrow

an area of fat storage

tarsal bone

articulates with the tibia and fibula

the ribs are

attached via their costal cartilage directly to the sternum

parietal bone

bone of the brain case

the flat bones of the cranium

bones formed by intramembranous ossification

irregular bones

bones that surround the spinal cord

lesser trochanter

bony landmark of the femur serves as a site for muscle attachments

greater tubercle

bony landmark that is located on the lateral side of the proximal humerus

second-degree burn

both epidermis and dermis were burned; blisters that are red and painful

compound fracture

broken bone pierces the skin

all of the following that play a role in calcium homeostasis

calcitonin, parathyroid hormone, and vitamin D

fracture

can be both closed and comminuted

squamous cell carcinoma

cancer of the keratinocytes of the stratum spinosum results in

pisiform and lunate

carpal bones in the proximal row

melanin

comes in eumelanin and pheomelanin; absorbs UV radiation

epiphyseal plate

continues to grow until adulthood where it disappears and the epiphysis and diaphysis fuse

stratum basale

deepest & oldest layer of the epidermis

melanin production from melanocytes

defensive against UV radiation

clavicle

develops via intramembranous ossification

orthopedist

doctor who specializes in diagnosing and treating disorder and injuries related to the musculoskeletal system.

embryonic development of the axial skeleton involves

endochondral ossification, which forms the ribs and sternum

Bones grow in length due to activity in the ________.

epiphyseal plate

keratinocytes

fingers and toe nails are made up of dead

sesamoid bones

found in the tendons

pelvis

has a subpubic angle that is larger in females

the middle cranial fossa

has the foramen, rotundum, foramen ovale, and foramen spinosum

sternum

has the sternal angle located between the manubrium and body

red & white blood cells and platelets

hematopoiesis is the production of

calcitonin and parathyroid hormone

hormones have opposing effects on osseous tissue

arterioles constrict to shunt blood from extremities to avoid the skin

in cold weather, which of the following are mechanisms your body uses to regulate body heat

collagen

in the skin; helps with structure

osteoBLASTS and osteoCYTES

incapable of undergoing mitosis

the primary curvatures of the vertebral column

include the cervical curve

tubercle of a rib

is for articulation with the transverse process of a thoracic vertebra

hypodermis

layer of the skin that deposits adipose

epidermis, dermis, hypodermis

layers of the skin from apical to basal

supraspinous fossa

lies between the spine and superior border of the scapula

meissner corpuscle

light touch

vitamin D and parathyroid hormone

likely to be released when blood calcium levels are too low

meissner corpuscle

located in a dermal papillae

first stage of intramembranous ossification

mesenchymal stem cells cluster and form ossification centers

calcium;phosphorus

minerals found in the bone tissue

melanoma

most fatal skin cancer; it can metastasize and spread quickly

vitamin D

needed for calcium to be absorbed from the small intestine

when calcium levels are too high or too low, this body system is primarily effected

nervous system

telogen

no new hair growth occurs and the follicle is at rest

trabeculae

only found in the cancellous bone

Third Stage of Intramembranous Ossification

osteoCYTE is calcified

second stage of intramembranous ossification

osteoid traps osteoBLASTS

second-degree burn

painful blisters that swell and effects both epidermis and dermis

sternal end

part of the clavicle articulates with the manubrium

sella turcica

parts of the sphenoid bone include the

apocrine and eccrine glands

prevents over heating

dermicidin secretion from eccrine sweat glands

protect against microbes

cranium

protects the brain

ribs

protects the lungs and the heart

vertebral column

protects the spine

third-degree burn

serious burn that damages nerve endings; requires medical attention

coracoid process

short, hook-like bony process of the scapula that projects anteriorly

medial condyle of the tibia

structure that contributes to the knee joint

epidermis and dermis

sun bathing can cause damage to these layers of the skin

first-degree burn

superficial that only affects the epidermis

periosteum

surrounds the outside of a bone; made up of a fibrous membrane that contains blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatic vessels

rotation of the limbs

takes place during the seventh week of development

fontanelle

the area of fibrous CT found at birth between the brain case bones

7 vertebrae

the cervical region of the vertebral column consists of

endochondral ossification is characterized by

the core of the perichondrium calcifies; capillaries infiltrate and replace dying chondrocytes and osteoBLASTS; at the growth plate, chondrocytes and cartilage remain to continue growing to lengthen the bone; there are 2 centers of ossification

stratified quamous

the epidermis is composed of which type of cell?

spongy bone

the first type of bone to form during fracture repair

occipital bone

the lambdoid suture joins the parietal bone to the

shedding

the old hair is pushed out, and the new anaphase begins

26

total number of bones found in the foot and toes

after a fracture, the internal and external calli are replaced by

trabecular bone

Fourth Stage of Intramembranous Ossification

trabecular matrix forms

pacinian corpuscle

vibration and pressure

metaphyseal zone

where the diaphysis and epiphysis intersect

stratum corneum

which layer of the dermis keeps you from drying out