exam 2 pharm

A patient admitted with a blood glucose level of 425, which of the following solutions does the nurse plan to administer?

0.4% NS

The nurse weighed a patient with heart failure and found that the patient weighed 3 pounds more than the previous day. How much fluid had the patient retained? **(remember 1 kilogram = 1 liter of water)

1364 mL

A patient has a cardiac output of 3000mL and a heart rate of 89, what is the patients stroke volume ?

34 ml

Student taking care of pt who takes Verapamil for stable angina. Nurse ask student to state the purpose of Verapamil in the pt. Which statement by the student is correct? (Select all that apply)

A calcium channel blocker It reduces the heart rate, AV conduction and contractility It relaxes the peripheral arterioles to reduce afterload.

Female patient with hypertension treated with hydralazine has a HR of 96, BP 110/72. Nurse will request an order to?

Administer a beta blocker

A patient is given digoxin for left sided heart failure. Which of the following actions is expected?

An increase in the contractile force of the myocardium

A patient with a fractured humerus admitted for a closed reduction in the OR, nurse plans to start IV in case an IV pain medication is ordered, which solution will the nurse use?

An isotonic solution

A pt had an MI. HR 56bts per min and bp 120/80,previous of stroke, which order should the nurse question?

Heparin

A nursing student who is preparing to care for postoperative patient with DVT asks the nurse why the patient must take heparin rather than warfarin. Which response by the nurse is correct?

Heparin onset of action is immediate

What is true about direct renin inhibitors?

DRI reduces raas Aliskiren is the only DRI available

The nurse is assessing a patient who has heart failure, the patient complains of shortness of breath and the nurse auscultates crackles in both lungs, the nurse understands this is the result of

Decreased force of ventricular contraction

Pt is taking beta adrenergic to increase stroke volume. This drug act by

Decreasing cardiac afterload

Which of the following ACE inhibitor is the only one administered IV?

Enalapril

A patient is taking a drug that increases venous constriction, the nurse will tell the patient to

Expect bradycardia for a few days

A patient has developed ascites and distended neck veins due to right sided heart failure. Which of the following medications does the nurse expect to see ordered to reduce preload?

Furosemide (Lasix)

A patient with chronic hypertension is admitted to the hospital. During the admission assessment, the nurse notes a heart rate of 96 beats per minute, a blood pressure of 150/90 mm Hg, bibasilar crackles, 2+ pitting edema of the ankles, and distension of the jugular veins. The nurse will contact the provider to request an order for which medication?

Furosemide [Lasix]

Patient with a history of hypertension is admitted for a procedure, if the patient's arterial pressure decreased which clinical manifestations would the nurse expect to see? (Select all that apply)

Increased heart rate Decreased blood pressure Syncope

A patient questions why he can not take Digoxin for his heart failure because his parents used digoxin for HF. Why is it no longer a first line therapy?

It doesn't correct the underlying pathology of heart failure

A patient has a life threatening arrhythmia, ventricular fibrillation, which drug will the nurse expect to administer?

Lidocaine HCL IV

if patient is admitted with high intracranial pressure, which drug given?

Mannitol

A female patient is taking simvastatin. Which is a concern?

Muscle pain

Which of the following drugs can treat stable angina?

Nitroglycerin Calcium Channel Blockers Beta blockers Isosorbide dinitrate

Bile-acid sequestrants are used with statins to prevent atherosclerosis. Which drugs fall into this category?

Questran Colestid

A hospitalized patient complains of acute chest pain. Nurse administer 0.3mg sublingual nitroglycerin tab, but patient continues to complain about pain. What should you do next?

Recheck VS, and give second dose 5 mins later

A patient with heart failure who has been taking an ACE inhibitor, a thiazide diuretic, and a beta-blocker for several months, comes to the clinic for evaluation. As part of the ongoing assessment of this patient, the nurse will expect the provider to evaluate:

Serum electrolyte levels

A patient admitted with severe hypertensive crisis the nurse will anticipate administering which med?

Sodium nitroprusside IV

Which of the following are acceptable modes of administration for nitroglycerin?

Sublingual Transdermal patch Spray under the tongue IV

55 Year-old patient with 3 separate visits to the clinic had hypertension, on the next visit, nurse confirms the patient has hypertension, what does the nurse do first?

Talk about lifestyle changes diet and exercise.

When a patient is taking a vasodilator that dilates veins, to help minimize drug side effects the nurse caring for the patient will...

Tell the patient to not get up abruptly

HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors are used prophylactically to prevent atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Which statements are true? (Select all that apply)

The generic names all end in statin Most effective in reducing LDL cholesterol

A 50-yr old female patient asks a nurse about taking aspirin to prevent heart disease. The patient does not have a history of MI. Her cholesterol and BP are normal and she does not smoke. What will the nurse tell the patient?

There is most likely no benefit for patients her age.

Patient is diagnosed w/ hypertension, which is the first drug given?

Thiazides

A patient with a history of elevated triglycerides and LDLs begins taking Niacin. The patient reports uncomfortable flushing of the face, neck, & ears when taking the drug. What will the nurse advise?

You should take 325 mg of aspirin 30 minutes before each dose of Niacin to prevent effects.

For a medication that constricts arteries and increases afterload, the nurse will expect which effect?

decrease in cardiac output

How does spironolactone act?

blocks aldosterone receptors

Nurse is scheduled to administer digoxin but finds a serum Digoxin level of 0.7mg/mL, nurse should

check patients apical pulse, and if in safe range, administer the digoxin (therapeutic range .5-.8)

A patient has been receiving heparin while in the hospital to treat DVT and will be discharged home with a prescription for enoxaparin. The nurse provides teaching for the nursing student who asks about the advantages of enoxaparin over heparin. Which statements by the student are correct?

enoxaparin does not require coagulation monitoring enoxaparin has greater bioavailability than heparin enoxaparin may be given using a fixed dosage.

Which ones are Angiotensin receptor blockers?

losartan and azilsartan

Alpha 1 adrenergic agonist causes

vasoconstriction

A pt with HR 52, regular rhythm w an order of propranolol. Action to do next

withhold the dose and notify the prescriber