Exam 2 PSY 429
Artherosclerosis
Fatty deposits (plaque) collect at an abnormally high rate Reduce width or arteries Limits the circulation of blood
____ aging does not equal illness and disease
Normal
Example of sustained attention
Only respond when a target appears Playing video games
Example of selective attention
Stroop test Having a conversation with someone in a loud crowded room
Osteoporosis
The loss of bone mineral content due to an imbalance between bone deterioration and bone growth
Coronary Heart Disease
When the build up of fatty deposits affect arteries that feed the heart muscle
Arthritis
a condition in which the joints become inflamed, causing pain and stiffness
Semantic memory
ability to recall word meanings and factual information
Example of multi-tasking
checking your email while listening in a meeting talking on the phone while getting dressed
Myocardial Infarction
heart attack occurs when the blood supply to the heart muscle is severely reduced or blocked
Executive functioning
higher-order cognitive skills needed to make decisions, plan, and allocate mental resources to a task
fluid intelligence
individual's ability to carry out higher level cognitive operations
significant age differences measured in the ____ do not always equal meaningful age differences in _______
lab; everyday life
Risk factors for chronic lung disease
tobacco
Cognitive function gain
-autobiographical memory -semantic memory -implicit memory -procedural memory -language ability -crystallized intelligence
Cognitive function losses
-divided attention -episodic attention -prospective attention -fluid intelligence -inhibitory control -task switching -processing speed -flashbulb memory
Health factors affecting intelligence
-people with more active lifestyles show less decline -among men, obesity predicts lower intelligence scores -greater decline in executive functioning in smokers
Cognitive function stability
-selective attention -sustained attention -working memory -short term memory
Example of flashbulb memory
9-11, JFK assasination
The combination of eating foods that are low in cholesterol, engaging in aerobic exercise, and avoiding cigarette smoking are important preventative steps for which disease?
Atherosclerosis
Parts of executive functioning
Decision-making and problem solving Judgement Reasoning Abstract thought
The earliest decline in the Seattle Longitudinal Study on intelligence test scores were found to occur in which area?
Number
What are aspects of driving that require cognitive processing
Plan the route to your destination Alternate between incoming information from the road and your car Changing the route because of traffic Read and comprehend road signs
Provide a fast and accurate response
Speed of processing
Example of semantic memory
State capitals
Prior to administering a memory test, a research assistant informs the older adult participants that the task is particularly difficult for people 65 years of age and older. Although perhaps unintentional, the research assistant has prompted the older adult participants to experience:
Stereotype threat
Arteriosclerosis
a general term for thickening and hardening of the arteries part of normal aging
crystallized intelligence
acquisition of specific skills and information that people gain as a result to exposure and language
Short term memory
activated memory that holds a few items briefly, such as the seven digits of a phone number while dialing, before the information is stored or forgotten
inhibitory deficit hypothesis
aging reduces ability to tune out irrelevant information
Aging is a _____, lifelong developmental process
continuous
Multi-tasking (divided attention)
dividing your attention between two or more different tasks simultaneously
Crystallized intelligence is...
fact based prior learning and experience
Example of autobiographical memory
first time you learned how to drive
Task-switching (alternating attention)
focus attentional resources back and forth between tasks that have different cognitive requirements
Sustain attention
focusing on a target for an extended period of time
risk factors of osteoarthritis
impact and repeated use of joints overweight and obesity, especially affects lower joints
Implicit memory
information that people acquire without indenting to do so
Differences within ourselves _______ and differences between people _______ have an impact on the aging process
intraindividual; interindividual
Episodic memory
long-term memory of specific experiences or events, linked to time and place
Osteoarthritis
most common form of arthritis affects joints in the knees, hips, neck, lower back, and hands
Cognitive functions and processes are ______ (e.g., sustained attention, selective attention, divided attention)
multidimensional
Aging is _____ with gains, losses, and stability
multidirectional
example of crystallized intelligence
not needing a cookbook because you have made the recipe many times before
In socioemotional selectivity theory, the idea that older adults, or people thinking about a limited future, show a _____ in memory
positivity effect
Example of task-switching
reading a recipe (learning) and then performing the task of the recipe (doing)
Procedural memory
recall of actions for particular tasks
Prospective memory
recall of events to be performed in the future
Flashbulb memory
recall of important and distinctive events that stand out from other memories of past events
Example of prospective memory
remembering to call back your friend
Example of procedural memory
riding a bike
Selective attention
select one target to focus attentional resources on while simultaneously ignoring irrelevant information
Example of fluid intelligence
solving puzzles and coming up with problem-solving strategies.
Scan stimuli for prolonged period of time
sustained attention
Divide their attention between tasks
task switching
Fluid intelligence is...
the ability to reason capacity to learn new things abstract thinking and problem solving
Inhibitory control
the ability to turn off ,or repress a response
Autobiographical memory
the memory for events and facts related to one's personal life story
attentional resources theory
the process of attention reflects the allocation of cognitive resources
Risk factors for cardiovascular disease
tobacco use, alcohol use, unhealthy diet, sedentary lifestyle, obesity
Risk factors for musculoskeletal
tobacco use, alcohol use, unhealthy diet, sedentary lifestyle, obesity
According to the inhibitory deficit hypothesis, older adults have more attentional problems because they are unable to...
tune out irrelevant information
Risk factors for diabetes
unhealthy diet, sedentary lifestyle, obesity
Example of implicit memory
words to a song