Exam 2 PSY 429

Artherosclerosis

Fatty deposits (plaque) collect at an abnormally high rate Reduce width or arteries Limits the circulation of blood

____ aging does not equal illness and disease

Normal

Example of sustained attention

Only respond when a target appears Playing video games

Example of selective attention

Stroop test Having a conversation with someone in a loud crowded room

Osteoporosis

The loss of bone mineral content due to an imbalance between bone deterioration and bone growth

Coronary Heart Disease

When the build up of fatty deposits affect arteries that feed the heart muscle

Arthritis

a condition in which the joints become inflamed, causing pain and stiffness

Semantic memory

ability to recall word meanings and factual information

Example of multi-tasking

checking your email while listening in a meeting talking on the phone while getting dressed

Myocardial Infarction

heart attack occurs when the blood supply to the heart muscle is severely reduced or blocked

Executive functioning

higher-order cognitive skills needed to make decisions, plan, and allocate mental resources to a task

fluid intelligence

individual's ability to carry out higher level cognitive operations

significant age differences measured in the ____ do not always equal meaningful age differences in _______

lab; everyday life

Risk factors for chronic lung disease

tobacco

Cognitive function gain

-autobiographical memory -semantic memory -implicit memory -procedural memory -language ability -crystallized intelligence

Cognitive function losses

-divided attention -episodic attention -prospective attention -fluid intelligence -inhibitory control -task switching -processing speed -flashbulb memory

Health factors affecting intelligence

-people with more active lifestyles show less decline -among men, obesity predicts lower intelligence scores -greater decline in executive functioning in smokers

Cognitive function stability

-selective attention -sustained attention -working memory -short term memory

Example of flashbulb memory

9-11, JFK assasination

The combination of eating foods that are low in cholesterol, engaging in aerobic exercise, and avoiding cigarette smoking are important preventative steps for which disease?

Atherosclerosis

Parts of executive functioning

Decision-making and problem solving Judgement Reasoning Abstract thought

The earliest decline in the Seattle Longitudinal Study on intelligence test scores were found to occur in which area?

Number

What are aspects of driving that require cognitive processing

Plan the route to your destination Alternate between incoming information from the road and your car Changing the route because of traffic Read and comprehend road signs

Provide a fast and accurate response

Speed of processing

Example of semantic memory

State capitals

Prior to administering a memory test, a research assistant informs the older adult participants that the task is particularly difficult for people 65 years of age and older. Although perhaps unintentional, the research assistant has prompted the older adult participants to experience:

Stereotype threat

Arteriosclerosis

a general term for thickening and hardening of the arteries part of normal aging

crystallized intelligence

acquisition of specific skills and information that people gain as a result to exposure and language

Short term memory

activated memory that holds a few items briefly, such as the seven digits of a phone number while dialing, before the information is stored or forgotten

inhibitory deficit hypothesis

aging reduces ability to tune out irrelevant information

Aging is a _____, lifelong developmental process

continuous

Multi-tasking (divided attention)

dividing your attention between two or more different tasks simultaneously

Crystallized intelligence is...

fact based prior learning and experience

Example of autobiographical memory

first time you learned how to drive

Task-switching (alternating attention)

focus attentional resources back and forth between tasks that have different cognitive requirements

Sustain attention

focusing on a target for an extended period of time

risk factors of osteoarthritis

impact and repeated use of joints overweight and obesity, especially affects lower joints

Implicit memory

information that people acquire without indenting to do so

Differences within ourselves _______ and differences between people _______ have an impact on the aging process

intraindividual; interindividual

Episodic memory

long-term memory of specific experiences or events, linked to time and place

Osteoarthritis

most common form of arthritis affects joints in the knees, hips, neck, lower back, and hands

Cognitive functions and processes are ______ (e.g., sustained attention, selective attention, divided attention)

multidimensional

Aging is _____ with gains, losses, and stability

multidirectional

example of crystallized intelligence

not needing a cookbook because you have made the recipe many times before

In socioemotional selectivity theory, the idea that older adults, or people thinking about a limited future, show a _____ in memory

positivity effect

Example of task-switching

reading a recipe (learning) and then performing the task of the recipe (doing)

Procedural memory

recall of actions for particular tasks

Prospective memory

recall of events to be performed in the future

Flashbulb memory

recall of important and distinctive events that stand out from other memories of past events

Example of prospective memory

remembering to call back your friend

Example of procedural memory

riding a bike

Selective attention

select one target to focus attentional resources on while simultaneously ignoring irrelevant information

Example of fluid intelligence

solving puzzles and coming up with problem-solving strategies.

Scan stimuli for prolonged period of time

sustained attention

Divide their attention between tasks

task switching

Fluid intelligence is...

the ability to reason capacity to learn new things abstract thinking and problem solving

Inhibitory control

the ability to turn off ,or repress a response

Autobiographical memory

the memory for events and facts related to one's personal life story

attentional resources theory

the process of attention reflects the allocation of cognitive resources

Risk factors for cardiovascular disease

tobacco use, alcohol use, unhealthy diet, sedentary lifestyle, obesity

Risk factors for musculoskeletal

tobacco use, alcohol use, unhealthy diet, sedentary lifestyle, obesity

According to the inhibitory deficit hypothesis, older adults have more attentional problems because they are unable to...

tune out irrelevant information

Risk factors for diabetes

unhealthy diet, sedentary lifestyle, obesity

Example of implicit memory

words to a song