Exam 2 questions
caused by lack of inhibitory neurotransmitters
ADHD
The ________________________ innervates the trapezius and the sternocleidomastoid.
Accessory nerve - CN XI
The superior trunk originates from the branches of which cervical nerve?
C5 and C6
The middle trunk arises from which cervical nerve(s)?
C7
Condyles are articular surfaces
TRUE not muscle attachement points
The _________________________ innervates the superior oblique muscle.
Trochlear nerve - CN IV
The head of the femur articulates with the:
acetabulum
Which two bone features compose the condyle of the humerus?
capitulum and trochlea
synovial fluid supplies nutrients and oxygen to
chondrocytes
The spinal cord tapers at a conical tip called the:
conus medullaris
the joints found in our elbows and knees are
hinge joints
What joint is considered biaxial?
metatarso-phalangeal joints
Is the patella developed in children?
no
do two excitable cells touch?
no, they use neurotransmitters
adaptation to new connections
plasticity
judgement, social, memory behavior, involves
prefrontal cortex
The main function of a fibrous joint is to:
provide stability between two bones
Which bone feature of the scapula is posterior?
spine
The medial condyle will be aligned with
the head of the femur
The capitulum of the humerus articulates with
head of radius
Which bone feature is most proximal when compared to the other answers?
head of the humerus
Trapezium articulates with
metacarpal I
create new neurons
neurogenesis
Which of the following is NOT a function of synovial fluid?
nourishment for osteocytes
The olecranon fossa of the humerus articulates with
olecranon process of ulna
destruction and unmyelination of neurons in the CNS
MS
How many carpal bones are there?
8 in each hand
Which cranial nerve has a cranial root and a spinal root?
Accessory nerve - CN XI
Damage on which of the following cranial nerves would result in vertigo and unilateral hearing loss?
Vestibulocochlear (CN VIII)
In the brain, the separation of the periosteal layer and the meningeal layer form which structure(s)?
all dural venous sinuses
The ligament that runs from the posterior aspect of the femur towards the anterior aspect of the tibia is named:
anterior cruciate ligament
In the spinal cord, the somas of the lower motor neurons are found in the:
anterior horns
Which of the following structures connects the third and fourth ventricles?
aqueduct of the midbrain
The glial cells that guide migrating neurons in the developing fetal brain are:
astrocytes
The afferent division of the PNS __________, while the efferent division of the PNS ______________.
brings sensory information to the CNS; carries motor commands from CNS to effectors.
the pubic symphysis is an example of a
cartilaginous, amphiarthrosis
Below L1-L2, the vertebral canal is occupied by a bundle of spinal nerve roots called the:
cauda equina
smooth well coordinated movement
cerebellum
The bones that form the pectoral girdle are the:
clavicle and scapula
The sciatic nerve eventually branches into which nerves?
common fibular and tibial nerves
overload of motor info
convulsions
The following helps prevent lateral and inferior movement of the spinal cord:
denticulate ligaments
1/3, 2/3 of tongue= 3/3 (posterior) of tongue=
facial glossopharyngeal
Which of the following glial cells is in charge of myelinating axons in the CNS?
oligodendrocytes
which cells are excitatory and can change their voltage?
only muscle cells
Somatic sensory neurons receive information such as
pain and capture somatic conscious decisiosn
Which of these is NOT a region of the spinal cord?
pelvic
Every breath you take involved--- which is a ----
phrenic nerve; spinal nerve
if you plan on making a move, it involves
premotor cortex
every move you make involves ---
primary motor cortex
The head of the fibula articulates with the:
proximal part of the tibia
fixing of neuronal tissue
regeneration
The pubic symphysis unites which two bones?
right and left pubis
the joint formed by joining the diaphysis and epiphysis is called
synchondrosis
Which of the following bone(s) articulates with the femur?
tibia
Both cranial and spinal nerves are part of the
CNS
The head of the radius articulates with
the radial fossa of the humerus
in the cns when the nerve fiber is damaged,
the schwann cell will have all parts necessary to regenerate and reconstruct the pathway for new nerve fiber
Which carpal bone, based on its location, would articulate with the metacarpal of the thumb?
trapezium
What structure connects the hypothalamus to the pituitary gland?
infundibulum
The phrenic nerve ______________.
innervates the diaphragm
what does it mean to be double jointed?
ligaments are more stretched than normal
which type of neuron functions to integrate sensory info?
multipolar neurons
The lateral cord gives rise to which nerves?
musculocutaneous and median
Which of the following bones/bone features DO NOT make up the ankle joint?
navicular
Neuroglia ____________. Some examples of neuroglia in the CNS are _________.
support neurons; Oligodendrocytes, Microglia and Ependymal Cells.
In health humans, the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flows in a specific direction due to:
the ependymal cells cilia
True or False: the pelvic girdle is one bone but it has 3 fused bones
true
the sternoclavicular joint can be characterized as a gliding synovial joint
true
How many joints does the knee joint have?
two
does the synovial fluid absorv shock and reduce friction by lubricating the joint?
yes
NOKIA
3 Na+ out + 2 K+ in
joint and movement that occurs when we ben the vertebral column to the side
intervertebral symphysis lateral flexion
Which bone has the linea aspera as one of the bone features?
femur
all cells at rest will be + in the enviornment... ?? outside, ?? inside
+, -
When the forearm is supinated, the radius is ---- to the ulna. When the forearm is pronated the radius is ___ to the ulna.
1. lateral 2. anterior
a patient cannot abduct the wrist. which two bones are most likely affected and what kind of joint do they form?
1. radius and scaphoid 2. ellipsoid synovial
myelin sheaths determine if a neuron is in
PNS or CNS
Myelin sheath is ---- and oligodendrocytes is ---
PNS; CNS
neurological cell involved in myelination of PNS?
Schwann cells
obturator nerve innervates
adductor muscles
Which of the following separates the primary motor cortex from the primary somatosensory cortex?
central sulcus
The coronoid process of the ulna articulates with
coronoid fossa of humerus
Which of the following cranial nerves does not innervate the eye?
facial - CN VII
The limbs and the lateral/ anterior aspects of the trunk are innervated by the ventral root, while the posterior aspect of the trunk is innervated by dorsal root.
false; RAMUS not root
our intervertebral discs can be characterized as synchondrosis cartiliginous joint
false; symphysis
the interosseous membrane found between ulna and radius can be characterized as
fibrous joint
glenohumeral joint articulates with the
head of the humerus
overload of sensory info
seizure
CSF is made up of
sugar, H20, electrolytes