Exam 2 questions

caused by lack of inhibitory neurotransmitters

ADHD

The ________________________ innervates the trapezius and the sternocleidomastoid.

Accessory nerve - CN XI

The superior trunk originates from the branches of which cervical nerve?

C5 and C6

The middle trunk arises from which cervical nerve(s)?

C7

Condyles are articular surfaces

TRUE not muscle attachement points

The _________________________ innervates the superior oblique muscle.

Trochlear nerve - CN IV

The head of the femur articulates with the:

acetabulum

Which two bone features compose the condyle of the humerus?

capitulum and trochlea

synovial fluid supplies nutrients and oxygen to

chondrocytes

The spinal cord tapers at a conical tip called the:

conus medullaris

the joints found in our elbows and knees are

hinge joints

What joint is considered biaxial?

metatarso-phalangeal joints

Is the patella developed in children?

no

do two excitable cells touch?

no, they use neurotransmitters

adaptation to new connections

plasticity

judgement, social, memory behavior, involves

prefrontal cortex

The main function of a fibrous joint is to:

provide stability between two bones

Which bone feature of the scapula is posterior?

spine

The medial condyle will be aligned with

the head of the femur

The capitulum of the humerus articulates with

head of radius

Which bone feature is most proximal when compared to the other answers?

head of the humerus

Trapezium articulates with

metacarpal I

create new neurons

neurogenesis

Which of the following is NOT a function of synovial fluid?

nourishment for osteocytes

The olecranon fossa of the humerus articulates with

olecranon process of ulna

destruction and unmyelination of neurons in the CNS

MS

How many carpal bones are there?

8 in each hand

Which cranial nerve has a cranial root and a spinal root?

Accessory nerve - CN XI

Damage on which of the following cranial nerves would result in vertigo and unilateral hearing loss?

Vestibulocochlear (CN VIII)

In the brain, the separation of the periosteal layer and the meningeal layer form which structure(s)?

all dural venous sinuses

The ligament that runs from the posterior aspect of the femur towards the anterior aspect of the tibia is named:

anterior cruciate ligament

In the spinal cord, the somas of the lower motor neurons are found in the:

anterior horns

Which of the following structures connects the third and fourth ventricles?

aqueduct of the midbrain

The glial cells that guide migrating neurons in the developing fetal brain are:

astrocytes

The afferent division of the PNS __________, while the efferent division of the PNS ______________.

brings sensory information to the CNS; carries motor commands from CNS to effectors.

the pubic symphysis is an example of a

cartilaginous, amphiarthrosis

Below L1-L2, the vertebral canal is occupied by a bundle of spinal nerve roots called the:

cauda equina

smooth well coordinated movement

cerebellum

The bones that form the pectoral girdle are the:

clavicle and scapula

The sciatic nerve eventually branches into which nerves?

common fibular and tibial nerves

overload of motor info

convulsions

The following helps prevent lateral and inferior movement of the spinal cord:

denticulate ligaments

1/3, 2/3 of tongue= 3/3 (posterior) of tongue=

facial glossopharyngeal

Which of the following glial cells is in charge of myelinating axons in the CNS?

oligodendrocytes

which cells are excitatory and can change their voltage?

only muscle cells

Somatic sensory neurons receive information such as

pain and capture somatic conscious decisiosn

Which of these is NOT a region of the spinal cord?

pelvic

Every breath you take involved--- which is a ----

phrenic nerve; spinal nerve

if you plan on making a move, it involves

premotor cortex

every move you make involves ---

primary motor cortex

The head of the fibula articulates with the:

proximal part of the tibia

fixing of neuronal tissue

regeneration

The pubic symphysis unites which two bones?

right and left pubis

the joint formed by joining the diaphysis and epiphysis is called

synchondrosis

Which of the following bone(s) articulates with the femur?

tibia

Both cranial and spinal nerves are part of the

CNS

The head of the radius articulates with

the radial fossa of the humerus

in the cns when the nerve fiber is damaged,

the schwann cell will have all parts necessary to regenerate and reconstruct the pathway for new nerve fiber

Which carpal bone, based on its location, would articulate with the metacarpal of the thumb?

trapezium

What structure connects the hypothalamus to the pituitary gland?

infundibulum

The phrenic nerve ______________.

innervates the diaphragm

what does it mean to be double jointed?

ligaments are more stretched than normal

which type of neuron functions to integrate sensory info?

multipolar neurons

The lateral cord gives rise to which nerves?

musculocutaneous and median

Which of the following bones/bone features DO NOT make up the ankle joint?

navicular

Neuroglia ____________. Some examples of neuroglia in the CNS are _________.

support neurons; Oligodendrocytes, Microglia and Ependymal Cells.

In health humans, the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flows in a specific direction due to:

the ependymal cells cilia

True or False: the pelvic girdle is one bone but it has 3 fused bones

true

the sternoclavicular joint can be characterized as a gliding synovial joint

true

How many joints does the knee joint have?

two

does the synovial fluid absorv shock and reduce friction by lubricating the joint?

yes

NOKIA

3 Na+ out + 2 K+ in

joint and movement that occurs when we ben the vertebral column to the side

intervertebral symphysis lateral flexion

Which bone has the linea aspera as one of the bone features?

femur

all cells at rest will be + in the enviornment... ?? outside, ?? inside

+, -

When the forearm is supinated, the radius is ---- to the ulna. When the forearm is pronated the radius is ___ to the ulna.

1. lateral 2. anterior

a patient cannot abduct the wrist. which two bones are most likely affected and what kind of joint do they form?

1. radius and scaphoid 2. ellipsoid synovial

myelin sheaths determine if a neuron is in

PNS or CNS

Myelin sheath is ---- and oligodendrocytes is ---

PNS; CNS

neurological cell involved in myelination of PNS?

Schwann cells

obturator nerve innervates

adductor muscles

Which of the following separates the primary motor cortex from the primary somatosensory cortex?

central sulcus

The coronoid process of the ulna articulates with

coronoid fossa of humerus

Which of the following cranial nerves does not innervate the eye?

facial - CN VII

The limbs and the lateral/ anterior aspects of the trunk are innervated by the ventral root, while the posterior aspect of the trunk is innervated by dorsal root.

false; RAMUS not root

our intervertebral discs can be characterized as synchondrosis cartiliginous joint

false; symphysis

the interosseous membrane found between ulna and radius can be characterized as

fibrous joint

glenohumeral joint articulates with the

head of the humerus

overload of sensory info

seizure

CSF is made up of

sugar, H20, electrolytes