Exam 2 Reading Quizzes/ Leap Biology

An animal is kept in a sealed container by itself. What would happen to the gases in the container?

CO2 would increase and O2 would decrease

The primary source of genetic variation in meiosis is:

Crossing over

The process of ______ involves unwinding and rebuilding.

DNA replication

During which phase of the cell cycle are chromosomes replicated?

DNA synthesis

In the electron transport chain, the electrons are providing "power" in order to pump ______ across the membrane. Ultimately, these will reenter via ________.

H+, ATP synthase

Pyruvate must be modified to acetyl-CoA prior to entering

Krebs cycle

The CO2 you are exhaling right now was produced in this step of cellular respiration

Krebs cycle

Which of the following is false concerning the locations of the following processes?

Krebs cycle occurs in the cytoplasm

During the electron transport chain, which molecules will be providing high energy electrons?

NADH and FADH2

A normal yeast cell can perform cellular respiration aerobically or anaerobically. A yeast cell that has a mutation that prevents fermentation will be able to grow:

Only in the presence of oxygen

A plant i kept in a sealed container by itself (assume it has light and water). What would happen to the gases in the container?

Oxygen would increase and Co2 would decrease.

The most important part of the first two steps of aerobic cellular respiration is:

That NAD+ and FAD collect electrons and hydrogen ions for the electron transport chain

Plants make ATP during the process of photosynthesis. Why do they also need to do the process of cellular respiration?

The ATP made is photosynthesis is only enough to fuel the dark (synthesis) reactions. The plant had to do cellular respiration to make large amounts of ATP

You just purchased a really cool lamp that has a green plastic shade that surrounds the light bulb. You put a plant under the lamp but it dies within a week. What has happened?

The green light produced by the lamp can't be utilized for photosynthesis

In the fall, most of the trees outside don't have leaves. How are they getting the energy they need to stay alive?

They are only performing cellular respiration.

A leaf on a plant is photosynthesizing rapidly, capturing sunlight to perform the light reactions. Why will this plant also need to perform the dark (light-independent) reactions?

To make glucose (food) for the plant

Do photosynthesizing plants have mitochondria? Why or why not?

Yes, to supply ATP to power other activities

Which of these is an example of potential energy?

a meal about to be consumed

Which of the following is not a correct statement about photosynthesis and cellular respiration? a. ATP is made during cellular respiration but not during photosynthesis b. photosynthesis produces oxygen while cellular respiration produces CO2 c. photosynthesis ultimately produces glucose while cellular respiration breaks down glucose d. All of the above are correct

a. ATP is made during cellular respiration but not during photosynthesis

Which of the following is not true concerning ATP in cellular respiration? a.ATP must be invested to start the Krebs cycle b.Small amount of ATP is made in the Krebs Cycle c. The most ATP is made in the E.T.C d. a small amount of ATP is made in glycolysis

a. ATP must be invested to start the Krebs cycle.

Which of the following statements is correct concerning energy? a. It can be converted from one type to another b. It can be created c. ADP is a primary source of potential energy for all organisms d. All of the above statements are correct.

a. It can be converted from one type to another

Which of these statements best explains why your body prefers to perform aerobic respiration as opposed to anaerobic respiration?

aerobic respiration produces far more ATP than anaerobic respiration

In order for cells to reduce the accumulation of significant genetic damage over time, many of them undergo programmed cell death. This is called ___________.

apoptosis

Deforestation (removal of trees and vegetation) can ultimately cause a problem for animals because:

atmospheric O2 levels decrease.

NADH must donate which of the following to the electron transport chain to be recycled to NAD+? a. ATP b. electrons and H+ ions c. ADP d. CO2

b. electrons and hydrogen ions

Binary fission describes cell division that occurs in:

bacteria

Which statement concerning sex differences in humans is false? a. The sex chromosomes XY are associated with male sex b. The sex chromosomes XX are associated with female sex c. The maternal parent determines gender of the offspring Correct d. All of these statements are true

c. The maternal parent determines gender of the offspring

Photosynthesis is a process that removes _____ from the environment and releases _____ to the environment.

carbon dioxide...oxygen

For crossing over to increase genetic variation, it must involve the exchange of material between:

chromatids of a homologous pair of chromosomes

According to the laws of thermodynamics, energy: a. Is never lost b. Is never gained c. Conversions are not 100% efficient d. All of the above

d. All of the above

There is a lot in common between mitosis and meiosis. Which of the following represents a difference between mitosis and meiosis? a. the number of rounds (divisions) performed b. whether crossing over occurs or not c. the number of daughter cells formed at the end of the process d. all of the above represent differences

d. all of the above represent differences

Which of the following is false concerning energy? a. potential energy can be converted to kinetic energy b. energy can't be created or destroyed c. energy conversions produce heat d. all of these answers are true

d. all of these answers are true

Which stage of mitosis is not matched correctly? a. prophase: nuclear membrane breaks down b. anaphase: sister chromatids separate c. telophase: nuclear membrane reassembles d. metaphase: spindle forms Correct

d. metaphase: spindle forms Correct

Which of the following organisms perform cellular respiration? a. humans b. bacteria c. plants d. insects e. all of these organisms do cellular respiration

e. all of these organisms do cellular respiration

During cellular respiration the primary items needed from glucose are __ and the waste product created from glucose will be___.

electrons and hydrogen ions; carbon dioxide Correct

Ethanol and lactic acid are produced by

fermentation

Which step of cellular respiration requires an energy (ATP) investment to begin?

glycolysis

The correct order of steps in cellular respiration is

glycolysis, Krebs cycle, electron transport chain Correct

Nondisjunction

leads to the unequal distribution of genetic material during cell division.

The primary fuel for cellular respiration is glucose however, your diet is made up of other components such as _____________________ that can be used as cellular fuels.

lipids and proteins

A lack of _________________ limits the rate at which mitochondria can break down fuel and produce ATP. The slow down occurs because aerobic cellular respiration is halted.

oxygen

Animals rely on photosynthesis for:

oxygen and glucose

Animals rely on photosynthesis for:

oxygen and glucose.

The most abundant protein in the world is the enzyme that initiates the fixation of carbon in the Calvin cycle (synthesis reactions). This enzyme is called:

rubisco

Which of these is not an input into photosynthesis?

sugar

What part of the chromosome limits the number of times a cell can divide?

telomeres

Why do leaves change color in the fall?

the amounts of chlorophyll decrease relative to the carotenoids

Your have purchased two nearly identical plants for your dorm room. One plant will be a control plant receiving only water. The second plant will receive both water and a recommended dose of fertilizer. Two months later, you find that the fertilized plant is a little bigger than the control plant. What is the best explanation for this?

the fertilizer contained elements needed for the plant to produce more chlorophyll Correct

Plants are particular about the type of light they can use for photosynthesis. If you were to use a filter on a light so that they plant only received green wavelengths of light, what would you expect to happen?

the light (photo) reactions of photosynthesis should slow way down

In mitosis, the chromosome number of each of the daughter cells will be _____________ the chromosome number of the parent cell.

the same as

Which of the following is false concerning ATP?

when broken down the reaction requires energy

A molecule of chlorophyll increases in potential energy:

when one of its electrons is boosted to a higher-energy excited state after absorbing a photon of light

When oxygen is used to perform aerobic cellular respiration, what molecule does that oxygen eventually become part of?

H2O

The burning of fossil fuels is related to increased levels of atmospheric CO2 levels. This might seem like a good thing for plants, but in reality it is not. Which would be the best explanation for this?

Increased CO2 levels trap heat in the atmosphere which may change climates and prevent certain plant species from surviving.

Which process produces both NADH and FADH2?

Krebs Cycle

In what phase of meiosis does crossing over occur?

Prophase I

Which of the following is part of the Calvin cycle (synthesis reactions)?

carbon fixation

The most ATP is formed during this step of cellular respiration

electron transport chain

Regarding humans, when would mitosis not be appropriate?

for reproduction

The end result of glycolysis is

pyruvate

The light (photo) reactions of photosynthesis occur in the ________________ while the dark (synthesis) reactions occur in the ________________.

thylakoids, stroma

Why do organisms perform cellular respiration?

to extract energy from chemical bonds in food

A leaf on a plant is photosynthesizing rapidly, capturing sunlight to perform the light (photo) reactions. Why will this plant also need to perform the dark (synthesis) reactions?

to make glucose (food) for the plant

Why do plants split water molecules during the light reactions of photosynthesis?

to provide electrons for the light (photo) reactions and hydrogen atoms needed in the synthesis (dark) reactions

A green plant can carry out photosynthesis if given nothing more than:

water, light, and air.

Photosynthesis and cellular respiration rely on electron carrier molecules to provide electrons to ultimately help produce ATP. In photosynthesis the source of electrons is from ___ and in cellular respiration the source of electrons is from ____.

water; glucose

The energy transformation pathways of cellular respiration and photosynthesis are related in which of the following ways?

...

Suppose an experiment is performed in which plant #1 is supplied with normal CO2 but with water that is labeled with radioactive oxygen atoms. Plant #2 is supplied with normal water but with CO2 that contains radioactive oxygen atoms. Each plant is allowed to perform photosynthesis and the oxygen gas and G3P molecules are analyzed for the presence of radioactive oxygen. Plant # ___ will produce radioactive oxygen gas and plant # ___ will produce radioactive G3P.

1; 2

A human cell fails to undergo cytokinesis while performing mitosis so that they daughter cells do not form (meaning that everything up to cytokinesis has occured normally). How many chromosomes will be in the resulting cell?

92

Three important helpers in the process of cellular respiration are NAD+, FAD, and CoEnzyme-A. Where do they come from?

B vitamins from our diet

With regards to special mechanisms of photosynthesis in hot or dry climates, ________ photosynthesis separates carbon dioxide capture and the Calvin cycle physically and uses a special enzyme with a greater attraction for carbon dioxide while plants that use_________ photosynthesis keep their stomata closed during the day to prevent water loss.

C4, CAM

Which of the following items is an output of cellular respiration?

CO2