EXAM 3

Popular Incentive Compensation Plans

- Piece rate - Sales commission - Bonuses - Profit-sharing - Gainsharing - Stock options - Pay for knowledge

Goal-Setting Theory

1. Goals should be specific 2. Goals should be challenging but achievable 3. Goals should be linked to action plans 4. Goals need not be jointly set to be effective 5. Feedback enhances goal attainment

Barriers to Communication

1. Physical barriers: sound, time, space, & so on 2. Semantic barriers: when words matter 3. Personal barriers: individual attributes that hinder communication

Benefits of telecommuting

1. Reduces capital costs 2. Increases flexibility and autonomy for workers 3. Provides a competitive advantage when recruiting 4. Increases job satisfaction 5. Increases productivity 6. Ability to tap into nontraditional workers

tips for effective listening

1. show respect 2. listen from the first sentence 3. be mindful 4. keep quiet 5. ask questions 6. paraphrase and summarize 7. remember what was said 8. involve your body

being an effective speaker

1. tell them what you're going to say 2. say it 3. tell them what you said

being an effective writer

Don't show your ignorance Understand your strategy before you write Start with your purpose Write simply, concisely, and directly Telegraph your writing with a powerful layout

The Three Needs

Need for achievement; desire to achieve excellence in challenging tasks Need for affiliation; desire for friendly and warm relations with other people Need for power; desire to be responsible for or control other people

Hersberg's Two Factor Theory

Proposed that work satisfaction and dissatisfaction arise from two different factors - work satisfaction from so-called motivating factors and work dissatisfaction from so-called hygiene factors

Five Stages of Group and Team Development

Stage 1 Forming; process of getting oriented and getting acquainted Stage 2 Storming; characterized by the emergence of individual personalities and roles and conflicts within the group Stage 3 Norming; conflicts are resolved, close relationships develop, and unity and harmony emerge Stage 4 Performing; members concentrate on solving problems and completing the assigned tasks Stage 5 Adjourning; members prepare for disbandment

Groupthink

a cohesive group's blind unwillingness to consider alternatives

23. The question the group is asking during the forming stage of group development is a. "Why are we here?" b. "Can we do the job properly?" c. "Why are we fighting about who does what?" d. "Can we agree on roles and work as a team?" e. "What's next?"

a. "Why are we here?"

Bethany is writing a paper for her Management class. She already has a strong 'A' in the class, and only needs to get a C on the paper to keep her A. As she prepares the final version of the paper, she takes special care that the paper is well-written, insightful, and error-free, something that she can be proud of. Bethany is experiencing: a. An intrinsic reward b. High equity c. A belongingness need d. A hygiene factor

a. An intrinsic reward

The statement, "I am never going to eat at this restaurant again," reflects the _______ component of an attitude. a. Behavioral b. Decisional c. Cognitive d. Affective

a. Behavioral

Rachel and Alexa are talking on their cell phones. After Rachel reads her a phone number, Alexa repeats the number back to Rachel. This is an example of: A. Feedback B. Encoding C. Decoding D. Medium selection

a. Feedback

Patty prefers working alone, is comfortable taking moderate risks, and feels good when accomplishing a goal. Patty probably has a: a. High need for achievement b. High need for affiliation c. High need for power d. Low need for achievement

a. High need for achievement

31. The approach to leadership that suggests that effective leadership behavior depends on the situation at hand is the _________ approach. a. contingency b. transformational c. behavioral d. circumstantial e. trait

a. contingency

42. Which of the following is not one of the top five qualities that employers are looking for most in college graduated? a. creativity. b. written and verbal communication skills c. leadership d. problem-solving skills e. teamwork

a. creativity.

18. A Scanlon plan is a type of __________ compensation plan. a. gainsharing b. pay-for-knowledge c. profit-sharing d. benchmarking e. pay-for-performance

a. gainsharing

27. Which of the following is not a benefit of teamwork in an organization? a. increased stress b. reduced destructive internal competition c. reduced costs d. improved workplace cohesiveness e. increased speed

a. increased stress

43. Active _________ is the process of actively decoding and interpreting verbal messages, which results full attention and processing. a. listening b. evaluation c. empathizing d. hearing e. comprehension

a. listening

9. Which of the following is not one of the four layers of the diversity wheel? a. management status b. personality c. external dimensions d. internal dimensions e. organizational dimensions

a. management status

30. The stage of team development during which a group sets guidelines about issues like attendance and punctuality is the __________ stage. a. norming b. forming c. storming d. performing e. adjourning

a. norming

1. Which of the following is not one of the Big Five personality dimensions? a. tolerance for ambiguity b. emotional stability c. agreeableness d. extroversion e. conscientiousness

a. tolerance for ambiguity

Noise

any disturbance that interferes with the transmission of a message

Deci & Ryan's Self-Determination Theory

assumes that people are driven to try to grow and attain fulfillment, with their behavior and well-being influenced by three innate needs: competence, autonomy, and relatedness

25. ___________ is the conflict-handling style in which a person neglects his or her own concerns and allows the concerns of another to prevail. a. Collaborating b. Accommodating c. Forcing d. Compromising e. Avoiding

b. Accommodating

32. __________ power results from one's specialized knowledge. a. Reward b. Expert c. Coercive d. Referent e. Legitimate

b. Expert

When a manager stops nagging a subordinate, the manager is using: a. Positive reinforcement b. Negative reinforcement c. Punishment d. Intrinsic motivation

b. Negative reinforcement

Your boss expects you to stay late to cover the workload of a coworker who is out sick, but you are supposed to help your mother with some work on her house tonight. You are suffering from: a. Role overload b. Role conflict c. Role ambiguity d. Burnout

b. Role conflict

John is interviewing Bambi for a job opening at his accounting firm. He notices that she has several tattoos visible on both arms. He does not believe that people with tattoos can be good accountants. John is engaging in ____________________. a. Counseling b. Stereotyping c. Behavioral interviewing d. Situational interviewing

b. Stereotyping

Jeff's workgroup is having a lot of disagreement over the direction the group should take. They are involved in the __________ stage of group development. a. Forming b. Storming c. Norming d. Performing

b. Storming

Jim, a manager, uses rewards and discipline to motivate subordinates, but does this as a way of helping them reach their full potential. This is called a. Contingent leadership b. Transformational leadership c. Developmental consideration d. Democratic leadership

b. Transformational leadership

21. Which of the following is not characteristic of workgroups with excessive conflict? a. political infighting b. creativity c. indecision d. dissatisfaction e. lack of teamwork

b. creativity

29. A team composed of people from different departments who are pursing a common objective is called a ___________. For example, ToysRUs may bring together employees from manufacturing, design, sales, marketing research to brainstorm new board games for adults. a. workforce b. cross-functional team c. quality circle d. virtual team e. problem-solving team

b. cross-functional team

3. People high in _________ are responsive to others' social and interpersonal cues. a. agreeableness b. emotional intelligence c. external locus of control d. self-esteem e. self-efficacy

b. emotional intelligence

20. Job ___________ is the opposite of _________. a. enlargement; job enrichment b. enlargement; scientific management c. rotation; job enlargement d. rotation; job focus e. loading; job enrichment

b. enlargement; scientific management

36. Regina apologized to Clay for an e-mail that upset him. She said she has chosen an inconsiderate way of stating her idea, and that she'd be happy to discuss it further. Regina is a. using a personal appeal. b. expressing consideration behavior. c. exercising personalized power. d. practicing shared leadership. e. initiating structure.

b. expressing consideration behavior.

10. Which of the following is a common reason that some women face a glass ceiling? a. inability to produce high-quality work b. lack of mentors c. poor financial performance d. inability to motivate others e. poor goals setting

b. lack of mentors

5. You have important clients in town who want to have dinner with you, but your mother has a plumbing leak and has asked you to come over and shut off the water until she can get it fixed tomorrow. You are experiencing a. role ambiguity. b. role conflict. c. learned helplessness. d. burnout. e. role overload.

b. role conflict.

35. One of three dimensions of situational control in the contingency leadership model, ___________ is the extent to which tasks are routine, unambiguous, and easily understood. a. job mastery b. task structure c. job design d. task identity e. position power

b. task structure

34. Which of the following is characteristic of men in the workplace, compared with women? a. being more effective b. using a more autocratic style c. generating more new ideas d. being more collaborative e. producing higher-quality work

b. using a more autocratic style

Herman spends his lunch hour drinking beer in hi car in the parking lot. This is an example of a(n) ______________. a. Evaluating behavior b. Discerning behavior c. Counterproductive work behavior d. Destructive work behavior

c. Counterproductive work behavior

Susan loves going to parties, where she talks to everyone there. Susan is probably high in: a. Emotional stability b. Conscientiousness c. Extroversion d. Agreeableness

c. Extroversion

Alex compliments his co-worker Joe on the great job he did on the weekly report, and also informs their mutual boss. Alex is using ______ power. a. Legitimate b. Referent c. Reward d. Punishment

c. Reward

44. Among people age 18-24, the most popular social network is ___________; among people aged 35-44, the most popular social network is _________. a. Instagram, Tumblr b. Pinterest, Twitter c. Snapchat, LinkedIn d. Twitter, Google+ e. Facebook, Pinterest

c. Snapchat, LinkedIn

Layla works during her meeting to pull together the ideas of her committee members into a coherent whole. Layla is performing a __________ role. a. Maintenance b. Relationship-oriented c. Task d. Social

c. Task

22. Groups that make it through storming generally do so because a. they develop groupthink. b. the work gets done. c. a respected member other than the leader challenges the group to resolve power struggles. d. the focus generally is on social loafing. e. someone wins the political battle and dominates the group.

c. a respected member other than the leader challenges the group to resolve power struggles.

26. Workplace performance is maximized when a. conflict is absent. b. conflict is at a high level. c. conflict is at a moderate level. d. conflict is at a very low level. e. conflict occurs only at nonmanagerial levels.

c. conflict is at a moderate level.

37. According to House's revised path-goal theory, a leader's style should vary depending on a. position power. b. organizational readiness. c. employee characteristic and environmental factors. d. leader-member relations. e. situational control.

c. employee characteristic and environmental factors.

40. Increasing employee psychological empowerment requires four kinds of behavior, including all of the following except a. competence. b. self-determination. c. inspiration. d. meaningfulness. e. progress.

c. inspiration.

17. Sharon has excelled as an auditor for a large consulting firm. She loves building mutually beneficial relationships and is extremely well liked by her clients. Sharon likely has a a. high need for achievement. b. low need for achievement. c. low need for affiliation. d. high need for affiliation. e. low need for power.

c. low need for affiliation.

46. The more management levels through which a message passes, the a. higher the chance the message will become external. b. more important the message is. c. more distorted the message may become. d. more disorganized the organization. e. more informal the organization.

c. more distorted the message may become.

19. According to the acquired needs theory, the desire to influence others is part of the need for a. achievement. b. affiliation. c. power. d. self-actualization. e. relatedness.

c. power.

38. Starbucks CEO Howard Schultz has made sure his employees have health insurance and work in a positive environment. He could best be described as which type of leader? a. transactional b. shared c. servant d. situational e. leader-member exchange

c. servant

evaluative style

challenging the speaker

A stakeholder group who provides reactions to new curriculum proposals by a university faculty is an example of a(n): a. Production team b. Project team c. Action team d. Advice team

d. Advice team

Laura is involved in leading a virtual team with members in Kansas, South Carolina, Chicago, and India. This is an example of __________. a. Servant leadership b. Shared leadership c. Leader-member exchange d. E-Leadership

d. E-Leadership

41. Which of the following is not an element of an effective social media policy? a. Explain what is considered illegal. b. Create safe channels for employees to air their concerns before going online. c. Clarify what is confidential. d. Encourage employees to post honest, bold, and even unpopular decisions. e. Align social policy with the organization's culture.

d. Encourage employees to post honest, bold, and even unpopular decisions.

33. ____________ is the model that requires a manager to assess her own leadership orientation and the level of her situational control. a. House's path-goal theory b. Charismatic leadership theory c. Shared leadership model d. Fiedler's contingency model e. LMX model of leadership

d. Fiedler's contingency model

In Earl's department at Pencilchicken Inc. employees get money based on how much the department has been able to save in costs. This is an example of a ________________ compensation plan. a. Pay for performance b. Pay for knowledge c. Bonus d. Gainsharing

d. Gainsharing

47. ____________ communication channels develop outside the organizational structure and do not follow the chain of command. a. Vertical b. Customary c. External d. Informal e. Horizontal

d. Informal

Rayford is head of a task force consisting of his peers from other departments in the organization. Rayford has: a. High-leader member relations b. High task structure c. High position power d. Low position power

d. Low position power

45. Which of the following statements is true? a. Men are less willing than women to talk over others. b. In terms of answering questions, men tend to provide more information than needed, while women ten to be quick and to the point. c. Men are more skilled at deciphering nonverbal cues than women are. d. Men tend to withdraw and isolate themselves when problem solving, whereas women seek out others for support and can interpret men's withdrawing as lack of caring. e. Men are more likely than women to indicate that they are uncertain about an issue.

d. Men tend to withdraw and isolate themselves when problem solving, whereas women seek out others for support and can interpret men's withdrawing as lack of caring.

16. ____________ is the process of strengthening a behavior by withdrawing something negative. a. Punishment b. Intrinsic motivation c. Extinction d. Negative reinforcement e. Positive reinforcement

d. Negative reinforcement

24. ______________ is designing to elicit different opinions without inciting people's personal feelings. a. Dysfunctional conflict b. Social loafing c. Groupthink d. Programmed conflict e. Storming

d. Programmed conflict

28. In which of the following conditions should constructive conflict be stimulated? a. Managers are in charge of self-managed teams. b. There is a lot of internal competition. c. The group is adapting to change. d. The group seems to be afflicted with inertia and apathy. e. Managers want to achieve work objectives.

d. The group seems to be afflicted with inertia and apathy.

8. Because people are uncomfortable with inconsistency between their attitudes and behaviors, they will seek to reduce a. casual attribution. b. group behavior. c. a self-serving bias. d. cognitive dissonance. e. fundamental attribution

d. cognitive dissonance.

50. Ryan is sitting in a seminar where a speaker is explaining the company's retirement plan options. Ryan is only 24 years old, and he thinks retirement is so far away that he doesn't think he needs to pay attention to the speaker. He starts texting his friends and updating his Facebook page; he even slumps in his chair. He has completely tuned out of the presentation. Ryan's listening style in this case is best described as a. active. b. passive-aggressive. c. passive d. detached.

d. detached.

13. Content perspectives, also known as need-based perspectives, include all except which one of the following theories? a. Herzberg's two-factor theory b. Deci and Ryan's self-determination theory c. McClelland's acquired needs theory d. equity theory e. Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory

d. equity theory

Jeremy shares information with his fellow task-force members about their project. Jeremy is communicating: a. externally b. downward c. upward d. horizontally

d. horizontally

14. At his review last year, Bryan was promised a 20 percent raise if he met his production goals. Raises were included in today's paychecks, and although Bryan has met all of his goals, he received only a cost-of-living raise. In the future, Bryan's _____________ will probably be ___________. a. valence; low b. expectancy; low c. expectancy; high d. instrumentality; low e. instrumentality; high

d. instrumentality; low

48. Which of the following is appropriate for workplace e-mail? a. sensitive personal issues b. forwarding e-mails to friends and relatives c. complicated topics d. maintaining work-life balance by not sending e-mails before or after work hours e. informality and grammatical errors

d. maintaining work-life balance by not sending e-mails before or after work hours

15. Nancy's employer distributes checks at the end of each quarter, representing an equitable portion of 5 percent of the company's pretax profits for the previous period. These checks represent a. pay for knowledge. b. gainsharing. c. pay for performance. d. profit sharing. e. a bonus.

d. profit sharing.

Greg was thinking about how he just did on his Economics test when his Management professor talked about tomorrow's Management quiz. This is an example of a(n) _____ barrier. a. encoding b. decoding c. medium d. receiver

d. receiver

4. __________ is a state of emotional, mental, and even physical exhaustion, expressed as listlessness, indifference, or frustration. a. Eustress b. Role ambiguity c. Role overload d. Distress e. Burnout

e. Burnout

7. Which of the following is not one of the main ways to reduce cognitive dissonance? a. Belittle the importance of the inconsistent behavior. b. Find consonant elements that outweigh the dissonant ones. c. Change your attitude. d. Change your behavior. e. Complete an emotional intelligence assessment.

e. Complete an emotional intelligence assessment.

6. ___________________ is the extent to which employees have positive or negative feelings about various aspects of their work. a. Job involvement b. Job enrichment c. Organizational commitment d. Job performance e. Job satisfaction

e. Job satisfaction

49. Tyrone was recently promoted to manager. Although he used to take advise from his peers, he seems no longer willing to listen to any input from then or his boss, and he is determined to run the project how he thinks best. Which personal barrier to communication is Tyrone exhibiting? a. variable skills in communicating effectively b. an inability to listen with understanding c. variation in interpreting information d. a tendency to judge others' messages e. an oversized ego

e. an oversized ego

2. The statement "Drew is slow to return phone calls" relects the ____________ component of an attitude. a. affective b. behavioral c. perceptual d. decisional e. cognitive

e. cognitive

12. For managers, the importance of Maslow's contribution is that he showed that workers a. are as complex as their organization. b. expect an employer to fulfill every level in their hierarchy of needs. c. have needs that cannot be understood by their employer. d. are interest only in compensation that helps them fulfill physiological needs. e. have needs beyond that of just earning a paycheck.

e. have needs beyond that of just earning a paycheck.

39. The ___________ approach to leadership attempts to identify distinctive characteristics that account for the effectiveness of leaders. a. contingency b. attribute c. quality d. behavior e. trait

e. trait

The Big Five Personality Dimensions

extroversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, emotional stability, openness to experience

discerning style

focusing on the main message

comprehensive style

focusing on the speaker's logic

Decoding

interpreting and trying to make sense of the message

Appreciative style

listening to be amused

Receiver

person for whom the message is intended

11. Maslow's levels of needs, in order from lowest (most basic) to highest level, are

physiological, safety, love, esteem, and self-actualization.

Team

small group of people with complementary skills who are committed to a common purpose, performance goals, and approach for which they hold themselves mutually accountable

Medium

the pathway by which a message travels

Sender

the person wanting to share information

Crowdsourcing

the practice of obtaining needed services, ideas, or content by soliciting contributions from a large group of people and especially from the online community, such as Facebook and Twitter users

Feedback

the receive expresses his reaction to the sender's message

Encoding

translating a message into understandable symbols or language

empathic style

tuning into the speaker's emotions

Group

two or more freely acting individuals who share, norms, share goals, and have a common identity

Formal Communication Channels; follow the chain of command and are recognized as official

vertical; meaning upward and downward horizontal; meaning laterally (sideways) external; meaning outside the organization