Exam 3
how many CODIS markers must have matched between the crime scene DNA and Tinley to have a definitive match
13
If one strand of a DNA double helix has the sequence 5' GTCCAT 3' what is the sequence of the other strand
3' CAGGTA 5'
cytosine makes up 15% of the nucleotides in a sample of DNA from an organism. approximately what percentage of the nucleus the nucleotides in this sample will be thymine
35%
cytosine makes up 42% of the nucleotides in a sample of DNA from an organism. approximately what percentage of the nucleotides in this sample will be thymine?
8%
in addition to ATP, what are the end products of glycolysis
NADH and pyruvate
which of the following enzymes catalyzes the production of a strand of RNA from DNA
RNA polymerase
which of the following statements best describes the termination of transcription in prokaryotes
RNA polymerase transcribes through the termination sequence, causing the polymerase to separate from the DNAA and release the transcript
in which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication take place
S
the genetic code is essentially the same for all organisms. based on this information, one can logically assume which of the following statements to be correct
a gene from an organism can theoretically be expressed by any other organism.
a change in nucleotide sequence of DNA is called
a mutation
when translating secretory or membrane proteins, ribosomes are directed to the ER membrane by
a signal-recognition particle that brings ribosomes to a receptor protein in the ER membrane
what does release factor recognize
a stop codon in the A site
what makes up the tail at the 3' end of an mRNA
a string of 50-200 A's
which of the following types of mutations changes the DNA sequence
all are correct
Accuracy in the translation of mRNA into the primary structure of a polypeptide depends on specificity in the
bonding of the anticodon to the codon and the attachment of amino acids to tRNAs
nucleotides
building blocks of DNA
which of the following types of mutations could result in a frameshift mutation
either an insertion or a deletion of a base
DNA polymerase
enzyme that synthesize a new DNA strand
a protein that will be needed in the cytosol will be produced in the
free ribosomes
enzyme in charge of opening the DNA for replication to occus
helicase
what type of bond is found between complementary base pairs
hydrogen bond
which of the following tends to release energy
hydrolysis reactions
where is the mitochondria is the enzyme ATP synthase localized
inner membrane
non coding segments of nucleic acids that are between coding regions
introns
the sequences/structures form part of the pre-mRNA
introns, start codon, exons
which of the following is a function of a poly-A tail in mRNA
it helps protect the mRNA from degradation by hydrolytic enzymes
what is the effect of a nucleotide -pair substitution that results in a nonsense mutation in a gene
it introduces a premature stop codon into the mRNA
what must happen to a newly made polypeptide before it can be secreted from a cell
its signal sequence must target it to the ER, after which it goes to the golgi
in gel electrophoresis, the fragment of DNA closer to the top of the get is the
largest piece of DNA
monomers of DNA are
nucleotides
place where RNA processing happens
nucleus
which metabolic pathway requires a proton gradient
oxidative phosphorylation
Which of the following enzymes synthesizes short segments of RNA
primase
primers
provide a 3'-OH group to add and to determine the boundaries of the amplified sequence
the primary role of oxygen in cellular respiration is to
serve as an acceptor for electrons and hydrogen, forming water
transcription in eukaryotes requires which of the following in addition to RNA polymerase
several transcription factors
polypeptides/proteins that will be secreted of the cell must have a ___________ which targets the protein to the ER where it will be finished and packed into vesicles that are then transported to the cell membrane to be secreted
signal protein
Enzyme responsible for replication
single-strand binding proteins
the ATP produced in glycolysis is generated by
substrate-level phosphorylation
what is meant by the description "antiparallel" regarding the two strands of nucleic acids that make up DNA
the 5' to 3' direction of one strand runs counter to the 5' to 3' direction of the other strand
which of the following describes how a tRNA interacts with a mRNA
the anticodon of tRN interacts with the codon of mRNA
the leading and the lagging strands of DNA formed during DNA replication differ in that
the leading strand is synthesized in the same direction as the movement of. the replication fork, and the lagging strand is synthesized in the opposite direction
the transfer of genetic information from DNA to RNA is called
transcription
production of a polypeptide based on the information in the mRNA
translation
which of the following options best depicts the flow of information when a gene directs the synthesis of a cellular component
DNA -> RNA -> protein
during DNA replication, which of the following enzymes removes the RNA nucleotides from the primer and adds equivalent DNA nucleotides to the 3' end of Okazaki fragments?
DNA polymerase I
Enzyme that catalyzes the elongation of the new DNA strand in the 5' --> 3' direction
DNA polymerase III
a strand of DNA can replicate only in the 5' --> 3' because
DNA polymerase III can only add nucleotides to the 3' end