Exam 3

how many CODIS markers must have matched between the crime scene DNA and Tinley to have a definitive match

13

If one strand of a DNA double helix has the sequence 5' GTCCAT 3' what is the sequence of the other strand

3' CAGGTA 5'

cytosine makes up 15% of the nucleotides in a sample of DNA from an organism. approximately what percentage of the nucleus the nucleotides in this sample will be thymine

35%

cytosine makes up 42% of the nucleotides in a sample of DNA from an organism. approximately what percentage of the nucleotides in this sample will be thymine?

8%

in addition to ATP, what are the end products of glycolysis

NADH and pyruvate

which of the following enzymes catalyzes the production of a strand of RNA from DNA

RNA polymerase

which of the following statements best describes the termination of transcription in prokaryotes

RNA polymerase transcribes through the termination sequence, causing the polymerase to separate from the DNAA and release the transcript

in which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication take place

S

the genetic code is essentially the same for all organisms. based on this information, one can logically assume which of the following statements to be correct

a gene from an organism can theoretically be expressed by any other organism.

a change in nucleotide sequence of DNA is called

a mutation

when translating secretory or membrane proteins, ribosomes are directed to the ER membrane by

a signal-recognition particle that brings ribosomes to a receptor protein in the ER membrane

what does release factor recognize

a stop codon in the A site

what makes up the tail at the 3' end of an mRNA

a string of 50-200 A's

which of the following types of mutations changes the DNA sequence

all are correct

Accuracy in the translation of mRNA into the primary structure of a polypeptide depends on specificity in the

bonding of the anticodon to the codon and the attachment of amino acids to tRNAs

nucleotides

building blocks of DNA

which of the following types of mutations could result in a frameshift mutation

either an insertion or a deletion of a base

DNA polymerase

enzyme that synthesize a new DNA strand

a protein that will be needed in the cytosol will be produced in the

free ribosomes

enzyme in charge of opening the DNA for replication to occus

helicase

what type of bond is found between complementary base pairs

hydrogen bond

which of the following tends to release energy

hydrolysis reactions

where is the mitochondria is the enzyme ATP synthase localized

inner membrane

non coding segments of nucleic acids that are between coding regions

introns

the sequences/structures form part of the pre-mRNA

introns, start codon, exons

which of the following is a function of a poly-A tail in mRNA

it helps protect the mRNA from degradation by hydrolytic enzymes

what is the effect of a nucleotide -pair substitution that results in a nonsense mutation in a gene

it introduces a premature stop codon into the mRNA

what must happen to a newly made polypeptide before it can be secreted from a cell

its signal sequence must target it to the ER, after which it goes to the golgi

in gel electrophoresis, the fragment of DNA closer to the top of the get is the

largest piece of DNA

monomers of DNA are

nucleotides

place where RNA processing happens

nucleus

which metabolic pathway requires a proton gradient

oxidative phosphorylation

Which of the following enzymes synthesizes short segments of RNA

primase

primers

provide a 3'-OH group to add and to determine the boundaries of the amplified sequence

the primary role of oxygen in cellular respiration is to

serve as an acceptor for electrons and hydrogen, forming water

transcription in eukaryotes requires which of the following in addition to RNA polymerase

several transcription factors

polypeptides/proteins that will be secreted of the cell must have a ___________ which targets the protein to the ER where it will be finished and packed into vesicles that are then transported to the cell membrane to be secreted

signal protein

Enzyme responsible for replication

single-strand binding proteins

the ATP produced in glycolysis is generated by

substrate-level phosphorylation

what is meant by the description "antiparallel" regarding the two strands of nucleic acids that make up DNA

the 5' to 3' direction of one strand runs counter to the 5' to 3' direction of the other strand

which of the following describes how a tRNA interacts with a mRNA

the anticodon of tRN interacts with the codon of mRNA

the leading and the lagging strands of DNA formed during DNA replication differ in that

the leading strand is synthesized in the same direction as the movement of. the replication fork, and the lagging strand is synthesized in the opposite direction

the transfer of genetic information from DNA to RNA is called

transcription

production of a polypeptide based on the information in the mRNA

translation

which of the following options best depicts the flow of information when a gene directs the synthesis of a cellular component

DNA -> RNA -> protein

during DNA replication, which of the following enzymes removes the RNA nucleotides from the primer and adds equivalent DNA nucleotides to the 3' end of Okazaki fragments?

DNA polymerase I

Enzyme that catalyzes the elongation of the new DNA strand in the 5' --> 3' direction

DNA polymerase III

a strand of DNA can replicate only in the 5' --> 3' because

DNA polymerase III can only add nucleotides to the 3' end