EXAM 3 REVIEW

What are the 5 pillars?

1.) pray 5x times a day 2.) give charity 3.) hajj 4.) fast during Ramadan 5.) Profession of faith

Africa represents what percentage of the global population?

16%

Where are the largest reserves found?

2/3 in Saudi Arabia, Iran, Iraq, North Africa, and Gulf States

How is Jerusalem divided?

4 quarters: Christian, Jewish, Armenian, and Muslim

Which country has the smallest population? A.) Saudi Arabia B.) Egypt C.) Iran D.) Turkey

A

What is the Cabinda Enclave?

A part of Angola located apart from the main country on the other side of the Congo River and the DRC (Dominican Republic of Congo)

What was the Arab Spring?

- A series of anti-government protests over gov't authority and transparency - Began in Tunisia when an upset man set himself on fire

Why is this region (North Africa and Southwest Asia) a religious cultural hearth?

- Origin of 3 religions: Christianity, Islam, and Judaism - Abrahamic religions, monotheistic

Primarily, where is Africa located? What is its size compared to the other continents?

- at the equator - 2nd largest continent; 2nd largest landmass

How do most of the Middle Eastern countries feel about Westernization and economic openness?

- open to economic expansion - used to Western culture spreading

What would Africa's population pyramid look like?

- wide base; has an extremely young population

The largest Arab Spring demonstration occurred in Tahrir Square in Egypt

True

The lingua franca of Sub-Saharan Africa is Swahili

True

The three major cultural hearths of Sub-Saharan Africa are West Africa, Ethiopia, and the Nile

True

There are 57 countries in Africa (According to Dr. Prout)

True

Turkey and Iran have similar population sizes to Egypt

True

Turkey's capital is Ankara

True

Which area of Africa served as the primary source for the Atlantic slave trade?

Western Africa, specifically the Gulf of Guinea

How did Dr. Prout define orientalism in relation to Southwest Asia?

Western civilization has pre-conceived ideas about Southwest Asia based on old literature, Hollywood, etc. Stereotyping doesn't fit reality. Middle East is a perspectivist term

Balfour Agreement of 1917

Determined that state of Palestine would be a homeland for the Jews, and, and the nation of Israel was established in 1948 when the Palestinians refused the agreement

The progression of power in South Africa can best be described as?

Dutch>British>Independent

Which country was home to the Abyssinian Kingdom? What was unique about this country's colonization process?

Ethiopia; this country remained independent

All Muslims are Arabs and all Arabs are Muslims

False

The main religions of Sub-Saharan Africa are Hindu, Islam, and Animism

False (Christianity, Islam, and Animism)

Ethiopia is landlocked by Zanzibar

False (Eritrea, Djibouti)

Turkey is the site of the former Persian empire

False (Iran)

The majority of Arabs live in Middle East

False (North Africa)

The Green Revolution in Iran occurred after the Arab Spring in Tunisia and has not been influential in recent elections

False (before)

The Caspian sea is saltwater and is located at a very high elevation

False (freshwater)

Israel currently controls the Gaza Strip

False (gave up control in 2003)

The primary economic activity in Sub-Saharan Africa mining.

False (herding)

The Congo river has the lowest volume of water

False (highest)

Palestine has been recognized by the US and Israel and a nation

False (not)

Most African countries do not speak the languages of their former European colonizers

False (they do)

Describe the flow of the Nile River

Flows South to North

Which three countries make up the non-Arab part of the Middle Eastern realm according to Dr. Prout?

Iran, Turkey, and Israel

Fertile Crescent

Mesopotamia, Levant, and Nile

Mesopotamia

Mesopotamia: "land between 2 rivers"; present-day Iraq

Who founded Islam?

Mohammed, the Prophet (Islam="submission to God")

What is the Middle East's largest export?

OIL (and also fossil fuels, but mostly OIL)

What international organization is prevalent here?

OPEC (Organization for Petroleum Exporting Countries)

Briefly describe the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. Who does the U.S. support?

Argument of statehood (Palestine) and who should get the land - US supports Israel

Which is true of Sub-Saharan Africa? A.) Has seen declining population numbers in recent years because of AIDS B.) Has a young population in comparison with western countries C.) Contains more than a billion people D.) Has a relatively high GNI per capita E.) Is the most densely populated world region

B

Which city is the "political capital of Africa" and in which country is it located?

Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

What are the two branches called and where do they originate? Where do they converge?

Blue Nile: Originates in Ethiopia White Nile: Originates in the Great Lakes of Central Africa (main branch); they converge at Khartoum, Sudan to form upper, middle, lower (delta)

All of the following are environmental issues facing sub-Saharan Africa except: A.) Desertification due to both extensive animal grazing and human presence B.) Deforestation of tropical rainforest C.) Flooding D.) Wildlife conservation E.) Mineral wealth and corruption F.) Fresh water availability

C

What events have occurred that changed Western perspectives?

Changer: US military involvement in Southwest Asia

Identify the incorrect association between mountain(s) and their corresponding location A.) Taurus and Southeast Turkey B.) Atlas and Casablanca, Morocco C.) Elburz and Egypt D.) Alps and Egypt E.) Kilimanjaro and East African Rift

D

Of the following language families in Sub-Saharan Africa, which one is the most widely distributed and has the most speakers? A.) Khosian (San-Masai) B.) Nilo-Saharan (Nubian) C.) Altaic (Turkish) D.) Niger-Congo (Bantu) E.) Austronesian (Malay)

D

Which country is considered "Ground zero" for the AIDS epidemic?

South Africa

Which country was once home to the Zulu kingdom?

South Africa

List the 8 points of Africa

Strait of Gibraltar, Sinai Peninsula, Bab El Mandeb (and Red Sea), the Horn, Mozambique Channel, Cape of Good Hope, and Gulf of Guinea

What are the two major sects of Islam, and why did they originally diverge?

Sunni and Shia (Shiite); conflict over leadership (Sunni> religious scholars to lead; Shia> descendants of mohammed to lead)

Levant

Syria, Jordan, Lebanon, Palestine* (Eastern Mediterranean)

What conference divided up Africa in the 1800s?

The Berlin Conference (1885): divided up Africa into European colonies

What was the colonization process of Africa known as?

The Scramble For Africa

What was Apartheid?

The official policy of segregation in South Africa from 1948-1994 and was removed by Nelson Mandela, the first democratically elected black president

What is the Sahel?

The transition zone between the Sahara Desert and the Ituri

How are the African countries of Liberia and Sierra Leone important in U.S. history?

These countries were going to be given to former slaves from the American British Caribbean upon abolition of slavery

Africa's World War is a conflict in the Congo due to corruption, mineral rights, water control, and local politics.

True

Farsi is the primary language spoken in Iran

True

Iran and Turkey are both uplifted nations, like Eastern and sub-saharan Africa

True

Iran's nuclear program has been a constant concern or its neighbors and the US; currently there are several sanctions against Iran because of their program

True

Israel,Iran, and Turkey are the three non-Arab nations in the Middle East because they were all influenced by different cultures

True

Istanbul, Turkey is the old site of Constantinople. It is the home of the Hagia Sophia and is a site of green space promotion

True

OPEC's headquarters are located in Vienna

True

Tehran is the capital of Iran

True

Tel Aviv is the largest city in Israel, has a diplomatic presence, and has been put forth as a potential capital city

True

The Golan Heights, which is being contested by Syria and Israel, is the source of the Jordan river

True

The Kurds are the largest stateless people

True

The Nile River is the longest river in the world

True

The Tigris and Euphrates rivers originate in the mountains of Turkey

True