exam 4: chapters 13, 14, 15, 16, 17

telomeres

DNA sequences that cap chromosomes become shorter, drastically reduced after about 70-80 replications

empty nest syndrome

Decrease in marital satisfaction after children leave the home

macular degeneration

Deterioration of the macula of the retina

stagnation

Develops when individuals sense that they have done nothing for the next generation

compensation

When life tasks require higher level of performance than older adults' capacity

cumulative personality model

With time and age, people become more adept at interacting with their environment in ways that promote stability of personality

Brain death occurs when:

all electrical activity of the brain has ceased for a specified period of time.

According to Kübler-Ross, in the _____ stage of dying, the dying person recognizes that denial can no longer be maintained.

anger

what are some diseases of bones that old people get?

arthritis and osteoporosis

John Horn maintains that in middle adulthood, _____ intelligence continues to increase.

crystallized

active euthanasia

death deliberately induced

what are some hormonal changes in middle aged men?

decline in sexual hormone level and activity

middle adulthood:

declining physical skills increased responsibility reached career satisfaction sharing wisdom 40-45 to 60-65 years

According to research, grandparents who are raising their grandchildren are at increased risk for developing:

depression

After accepting the certainty of death, a period of _____ or preparatory grief may appear.

depression

what are some ways to prevent cardiovascular issues?

diet and exercise

Which of the following is MOST typical of the vision-related issues faced by middle-aged persons?

difficulty viewing close objects

There is considerable research evidence showing _____ increases the lifespan of laboratory animals.

calorie restriction

what is the leading cause of death?

cancer, then heart disease

what is the leading cause of death for the 75-84 age group?

cardiovascular disease

Gisela is suffering from a condition that involves thickening of the lens of her eyes. This causes her vision to become cloudy or distorted. Identify the condition that Gisela is suffering from.

cataracts

_____ is a program committed to making the end of life as free from pain, anxiety, and depression as possible.

hospice

Whereas _____ is important in new relationships, especially in young adulthood, _____ becomes more important in middle adulthood.

passion; security

The Seattle Longitudinal Study concluded that middle age is a time of:

peak performance for verbal ability.

Jamie lost his wife of many years. He is still experiencing enduring despair a year after her death. Holly Prigerson and her colleagues would label this as:

prolonged grief

Regarding how the brain changes with Alzheimer disease, both amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles are made of _____.

proteins

self actualization

realization of your fullest potential

Successful aging is related to three main factors:

selection, optimization, and compensation.

Alice, Jane, Lois, and Sandra have been friends since grade school. Over the years, they have given each other support and shared in each other's joys and sadness. This is an example of which model of social relations?

social convoy model

mothers and daughters have closer relationships during adult years

true

women lose twice the rate of bone mass than men

true

What was the average life expectancy in 1900 and what percentage of the population lived past 65 years of age?

47 years; 3%

late midlife:

55-65 years death of a parent last child leaving home becoming a grandparent

In 2014, _____ of U.S. adults over 65 years of age were married.

59%

what percentage of adults have persistent pain

60-75%

What is the average life expectancy for individuals born in 2013 in the United States?

78.8 years

how many death occur in institutions and hospitals?

80%

fluid intelligence

Ability to reason abstractly (decreases)

hormonal stress theory

Aging of the body's hormonal system lowers resistance to stress and increases likelihood of disease

Which of the following is TRUE of the American attitude toward death?

Americans are generally death avoiders and death deniers.

levinson transition into middle adulthood conflicts

Being young versus being old Being destructive versus being constructive Being masculine versus being feminine Being attached to others versus being separated from them

cellular clock theory

Cells can divide a maximum of about 75 to 80 times

parkinson disease

Chronic, progressive disease characterized by muscle tremors, slowing of movement, and facial paralysis

wisdom

Expert knowledge about the practical aspects of life that permits excellent judgment about important matters

dementia

Global term for neurological disorders in which primary symptoms involve deterioration of mental functioning

contemporary life events approach

How life events influence the individual's development

life span

Maximum number of years an individual can live (120-125 years)

climacteric

Midlife transition in which fertility declines

Which of the following is consistent with the position of Margie Lachman and her colleagues regarding the differences in perspectives of younger and middle-aged adults?

Most midlife adults feel their sense of control is frequently challenged by outside demands.

evolutionary theory

Natural selection has not eliminated many harmful conditions and non-adaptive characteristics in older adults

Which of the following places individuals on a continuum from secure to insecure?

Neuroticism

life expectancy

Number of years that the average person born in a particular year will probably live

Which of the following could be the probable reason why older adults tend to report being less lonely than younger adults?

Older adults have more selective social networks and a greater acceptance of solitude.

big five factors of personality

Openness to experience Conscientiousness Extraversion Agreeableness Neuroticism

glaucoma

Optic nerve damage due to pressure buildup of fluid in the eye

advance care planning

Patient communicates preference for end-of-life care

denial and isolation

Person denies that death is really going to take place

acceptance

Person develops a sense of peace, an acceptance of one's fate, and in many cases, a desire to be left alone

bargaining

Person develops the hope that death can be postponed or delayed

optimization

Possible to maintain performance in some areas through continued practice and the use of new technologies

selection

Reduced capacity and loss of functioning, which require a reduction in performance in most life domains

episodic memory

Retention of information about the where and when of life's happenings

Which of the following statements about lung capacity in middle-age is TRUE?

Stiffening of the chest wall decreases the lungs' capacity to shuttle oxygen.

What is the MOST common change in sleep patterns of adults during middle-age?

There is a decrease in the deepest type of sleep.

In a longitudinal study of individuals from their early thirties through their late sixties/early seventies:

a significant increase in spirituality occurred between late middle and late adulthood.

what is the 6th leading cause of death?

accidents

A new finding that Canadian older adults who were more physically active had higher life satisfaction and greater social interaction than their physically inactive counterparts supports which theory of aging?

activity theory

A(n) _____ states such preferences as whether life-sustaining procedures should or should not be used to prolong the life of an individual when death is imminent.

advanced directive

euthanasia

ainless ending of life of those suffering from incurable disease or severe disability

Questions such as, "To which age group do you belong?" and "How old do you feel?" reflect the concept of:

age identity

sacropenia

age related loss of muscle mass and strength

Donald, 63 years old, retired and then decided he wanted to get back in the workforce. He was recently turned down for a job that fit his resume because he is older. Older adults not being hired for new jobs because they are perceived as too rigid or feeble-minded and are not considered cost effective are examples of:

ageism

Hormone replacement therapy (HRT)

augments declining levels of estrogren and progesterone

what did a 2004 survey state why marriages postponed divorce?

because of kids

how can generativity be developed?

biological, parental, work, cultural

what influences are important for cognitive functions?

education, work, and health

how are sibling relationships during late adulthood?

extremely close, apathetic, or highly rivalrous

When men face stress, they are more likely to respond in a:

fight or flight manner

selective attention

focusing on a specific aspect of experience while ignoring others that are irrelevant

According to Levinson, the transition from dependence to independence is marked by the:

formation of a dream

Which of the following biological theories of aging states that people age because their cells' normal metabolism produces unstable oxygen molecules?

free radical theory

Joshua, now in midlife, has been a Boy Scout leader since his children were small. He is taking great pride in watching his son take a leadership position in the scouts. His son is fulfilling Joshua's needs for:

generativity

Adult development experts are virtually unanimous in their belief that midlife crises:

have been exaggerated

what are some cardiovascular concerns?

high blood pressure, high cholesterol, heart disease

which sounds are lost first with hearing?

high pitched

erectile dysfunction

inability to achieve and maintain an erection

complicated grief/prolonged grief

includes enduring and unresolved despair over an extended period of time

medicare

insurance program for people over 65 or younger people with disabilities

According to Erik Erikson, what is the last stage of development in life?

integrity vs despair

the nun study

investigation of aging 678 nuns

_____ is the number of years that the average person born in a particular year will probably live.

life expectancy

actively volunteering

linked to living longer

_____ refers to a legal document that reflects the patient's advance care planning.

living will

what are some changes in height and weight?

lose height, gain weight

the brain

loses 5-10% of its weight volume decreases reduced length of axon

what does it mean when your erection fails?

low testosterone levels

A study of more than 1,000 college students by Currier, Holland, and Neimeyer found that _____ was an important factor in their grieving of a violent loss by accident, homicide, or suicide

making sense

explicit memory

memory of facts and experiences that individuals consciously know and can state

implicit memory

memory without conscious recollection

The tiny bodies within cells that supply essential energy for function, growth, and repair are known as:

mitochondria

Barnaby's story is that his psychological functioning peaked in midlife, plateaued until his late fifties, and then modestly declined for a while. At the end of his life his functioning declined dramatically. His story reflects:

normal aging

socioemotional selectivity theory

older adults became more selective about their social network

Researchers increasingly are finding that _____ is linking to being healthier and living longer.

optimism

oophorectomy

removal of ovaries

hysterectomy

removal of uterus

sandwich generation

responsibilities for caring for adolescent/young adult children and aging parents

A person's knowledge about the world is called _____ memory.

semantic

sexual behaviors

sex = less frequent health key factor in sexual activity

Lillian is 50 years old. Her doctor has noticed a sharp decrease in her estrogen levels, and Lillian is complaining about nausea and fatigue. According to the symptoms given in the textbook, what could be her initial diagnosis?

she is going through menopause

Prolonged or complicated grief is associated with grief that lasts:

six months

chronic diseases

slow onset and long duration

Clara is frustrated because the closed captioning is moving too fast on the television. The people talk too fast and the words in the closed captioning are moving too fast. Clara is experiencing:

slower perpetual speed

Disenfranchised grief

socially ambiguous loss that cannot be openly mourned or supported

Acacia's story of aging is one of long life. She maintained her physical, cognitive, and socioemotional development well into her late years, putting off her time of decline much later than most. Her story reflects:

successful aging

_____ attention is focused and extended engagement with an object, task, event, or some other aspect of the environment.

sustained

how do older women deal with stress?

tend and befriend

psychologists support open awareness for the dying individual

tru

In a 2004 survey conducted by AARP, the primary reason middle-aged and older women cited for wanting a divorce was:

verbal, physical, or emotional abuse.

As an organizer for the local community center Ralph is always looking for ways to convince older adults to get active. Recently he found a 2016 study by Han and others showing that _____was the strongest predictor of lower risk for cardiovascular disease.

volunteering

passive euthanasia

withholding treatment

The slowdown in learning new information has been linked to changes in _____, where individuals manipulate and assemble information when making decisions, solving problems, and comprehending written and spoken language.

working memory

what are some rising aging signs:

wrinkly/saggy skin grey/thinner hair nail thicker yellow teeth