Exam One Quizzes
analytic introspection
A technique in which trained participants described their experiences and thought processes in response to stimuli is known as
levels of analysis
Barbara has recently been diagnosed with abdominal cancer. Her oncologist wants to determine the best treatment method to eliminate the tumors. Her gastroenterologist is focused on relieving her symptoms and restoring normal digestive functioning. Barbara's psychologist works to help minimize her anxiety and keep her spirits up. The fact that these doctors are considering Barbara's situation with different goals and from different perspectives is similar to the idea of __________ presented in your textbook.
make a decision about the stimulus
By comparing reaction times across different tasks, Donders was able to conclude how long the mind needs to perform a certain cognitive task. Donders interpreted the difference in reaction time between the simple and choice conditions of his experiment as indicating how long it took to
Functioning and survival
Consider the following definition of the mind: The mind is a system that creates representations of the world so that we can act within it to achieve our goals. Which element of the mind does this definition emphasize?
scene schema
Entering a church service and seeing someone selling hot dogs and cotton candy from a cart near the altar would be perceived as a violation of
When someone accurately identifies a word in a song on a radio broadcast despite static interfering with reception
Evidence for the role of top-down processing in perception is shown by which of the following examples?
The perceptual system creates the perception of movement from stationary images.
How does the phenomenon of apparent movement work?
picket fence
If kittens are raised in an environment that contains only verticals, you would predict that most of the neurons in their visual cortex would respond best to the visual presentation of a
rate of nerve firing
If the intensity of a stimulus that is presented to a touch receptor is increased, this tends to increase the __________ in the receptor's axon.
Simplicity
In the text's use of the Olympic Rings example, which Gestalt law contributes to the correct perception of five interlocking circles rather than nine separate segments?
observable behavior
John Watson believed that psychology should focus on the study of
Broca's area
Josiah is trying to speak to his wife, but his speech is very slow and labored, often with jumbled sentence structure. Josiah may have damage to which area of the brain?
meaning between properties of an object
Semantic regularity refers to the _____.
Hierarchical processing
Taking clay and sand to create bricks, which are then used to build modular wall panels, which are then assembled to construct tall buildings, is similar to which of the following neural concepts?
Classical conditioning
The "Little Albert" experiment involving the rat and the loud noise is an example of which of the following types of experiments?
cell body, dendrites, and axons
The key structural components of neurons are the
organization
The process by which small objects become perceptually grouped to form larger objects is the principle of perceptual
Synapse
What is the gap between the end of a neuron's axon and the dendrites or cell body of another neuron known as?
When our perceptions are the result of inferences that we make about the environment
What is the process of unconscious inference?
When environmental energy stimulates the receptors
When does bottom-up processing start?
the neuron is at rest
When the axon is at rest, the inside of the neuron has a charge that is 70 millivolts more negative than the outside. This difference will continue as long as
Procedural memory
Which memory is used for physical actions?
-Brain areas are specialized for specific functions. -Neurons in different areas of the brain respond best to different stimuli. -Specific areas of the brain serve different functions. All are correct
Which of the following is consistent with the idea of localization of function?
The probability of an outcome is determined by the prior probability and the likelihood of the outcome.
Which of the following is true about Bayesian inference?
Classical conditioning
Which of the following terms is correct in context with "Pairing one stimulus with another"?
Axons
Which part of a neuron transmits signals to other neurons?
We interpret it.
Which term best reflects what we do with an image projected onto our retina?
Tolman
Who developed the concept of the cognitive map?