Exam Study Guide 3- Spinal Cord Injuries (PrepU)

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What type of airway would be used?

-Endotracheal tube -Provides an airway from the nose or mouth to an area above the mainstem bronchi

Autonomic Dysreflexia Definition

-Exaggerated sympathetic nervous system response -A Hypertensive emergency

For a patient with an SCI, why is it beneficial to administer oxygen to maintain a high partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2)?

Because hypoxemia can create or worsen a neurologic deficit of the spinal cord.

When a pt is in a cervical collar, what position should they be in until a spinal injury is ruled out?

Flat, except for logrolling as needed

What causes Autonomic Dysreflexia?

Spinal cord injuries above T6

Injury at C2 and C3

The patient should have GOOD... -Head and neck sensation The patient should have SOME... -Neck control -Time spent independent of mechanical ventilation for short periods of time

Injury at C4

The patient should have GOOD... -Head and neck sensation -Motor control The patient should have SOME... -Shoulder elevation -Diaphragm movement

Tetraplegia Results when ...

There is a high cervical spine injury

Predominant risk factors for SCI

-Young age (most between 16 and 30 years old) -Gender (80% of those living with SCI are male) -Alcohol/drug use

What usually develops Immediately after a SCI?

A paralytic illeus

Injury at C5

The patient should have FULL... -Head and neck control -Shoulder strength -Elbow flexion

What nursing intervention should the nurse perform when a client with spinal trauma may not be able to cough?

-Suctioning the airway helps remove secretions -An artificial airway increases the production of respiratory secretions

Why are client with spinal trauma often given an artificial airway? Why do they need mechanical ventilation?

-To prevent hypoxemia, the client may need more oxygen than is available in the room air. -Mechanical ventilation provides a means to regulate the respiratory rate, volume of air, and percentage of oxygen when a client fails to breathe independently.

Areflexia occurs when there is...

A loss of sympathetic reflex activity below the level of injury within 30 to 60 minutes of a spinal injury.

How is a paralytic illeus treated in SCI patients?

A nasogastric tube is often required

What would you know is an acute emergency and is seen in clients with a cervical or high thoracic spinal cord injury after the spinal shock subsides?

Autonomic Dysreflexia

When in a spinal cord injury does Autonomic Dysreflexia occur?

Only after spinal shock has resolved

Characteristics of Autonomic Dysreflexia

-Potentially life-threatening hypertension -Bradycardia -Severe, pounding headache -Nausea Blurred vision -Flushed skin -Diaphoresis -Goosebumps -Nasal congestion -Anxiety

Paraplegia Occurs with...

Injuries at the thoracic level

Why is a nasogastric tube indicated in a paralytic illeus for SCI patients?

Relieves distention and to prevent vomiting and aspiration


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