FILM 202D UNIT 2 WEEKS 7 - 12 FR

What is the "network narrative"? Why did it suit international coproductions?

"Network narratives" are stories of intersecting lives and crisscrossing character destinies. It features an international cast connected by a common location, thematically suggesting affinities and contrasts between regions—particularly Europe—making them well-suited for international coproductions.

Sholay

#paythewriters initiative for the Hindi film industry that was needed. Scriptwriters were paid but a pittance for their efforts at the time. Up until the 1970s, writers weren't even acknowledged in a film's advertising material - such as film posters etc. The film was penned by the most commercially successful writing duo in the history of Hindi film industry.

Authorial Commentary

(New Narrative Form 3) Film narration becomes self-referential, pointing to its own making

Medium Reflexivity

(New Narrative Form 4) Filmmakers show their awareness of the cinematic material, structure, and history

Sweet Sweetback's Baadasssss Song

1st blaxploitation radical film work in which white fantasies of black masculinity and black dreams of revolution ultimately erase each other, suggesting the need for a Godardian return to zero, in which every concept must be rebuilt from the ground up

Carlos Saura

<Los Golfos 1960 > incorporates hand-held shots and abrupt zoom

Medium Cool

A quasi-scripted narrative played out against the backdrop of the actual 1968 Democratic National Convention in Chicago and the tumult surrounding that event.

The Conversation

A sadly observant character study, about a man who has removed himself from life, thinks he can observe it dispassionately at an electronic remove, and finds that all of his barriers are worthless. The cinematography (opening scene by Haskell Wexler, the rest by Bill Butler) is deliberately planned from a voyeuristic point of view; we are always looking but imperfectly seeing. But more crucially, it's about the perils of the mindset that enables surveillance.

Network narrative

A strategy of storytelling that typifies the ambitious European art film since the late 1990s is the

O Lucky Man! (Anderson)

A tenacious young British man, Mick Travis is determined to be successful. Starting off as a coffee salesman, Mick is soon promoted within his company. Then things take a series of bizarre turns, and Mick is abducted by a military agency. Later, he becomes smitten with the gorgeous Patricia and winds up working for her father, sinister executive Sir James Burgess. As Mick's tale continues, his experiences get progressively stranger.

sudden , fragmentary

Alain Resnais's use of flashbacks in Hiroshima Mon Amour was particularly jarring to spectators of the time because the shifts between objective and subjective realities were _________ and ____________

A romantic celebration of doomed heroes

Andrzej Wadja's trilogy of films about the non- Communist Polish underground was characterized by:

Genre fare revamped for young audiences

Because each 1970s studio could only afford to make two or three big-budget pictures per year, the rest of its annual slate was typically filled out with

Eric Rohmer

Best known for wry studies of men and women struggling to balance intelligence with emotional impulses (French New Wave filmmaker)

Channel 4

Channel 4 was a central financier of British films, producing 12 per year, and was the first private channel in Britain. Their films were radically political for their time.

What is cinéma du look?

Cinéma du Look films mix orthodox plot lines with chic fashion, high-tech gadgetry, and conventions drawn from advertising and TV commercials. It is considered a youth-oriented version of "sensiblist cinema," presenting abstract beauty in a postmodern style.

Engaged Cinema

Collective productions and militant filmscinema of poli engagement emerged in 60s and 70s funding from political orgs or independent producers attempt to create filmmaking collectives with left wing ideals of equality, responsibility militant confrontational films newsreel collective

Cahiers du Cinema

Developed the Auteur theory

Alfred Hitchcock

Director Brian De Palma became famous (or infamous) for his pastiches of the films of which classic Hollywood filmmaker?

Common New Wave themes

Distrust of authority, political and romantic commitment issues, pop existentialism, and often a femme fatale

Petulia (Lester)

Dr. Archie Bollen is having a midlife crisis. He's just divorced his wife and is establishing a new life for himself. One night, he catches the eye of Petulia Danner, a charming, free-spirited young woman. Petulia's vibrant personality hides her fear of her abusive husband, David, whose father is a powerful society figure. As Petulia and Archie's feelings for each other grow, they must decide what it is they truly want.

MEDIA and Eurimages

EuropaCorp is funded with private bank capital and refuses national subsidies. It tries to make films that are directly supported by the audience, and many of its films imitate Hollywood with a local accent.

collage form

Films composed of staged footage, found footage, and all kinds of images (like advertisements)

Jean-Luc Godard

French New Wave filmmaker credited with innovating the design of shots that seem astonishingly flat?

The television networks, having converted to color broadcasting, required color films

Hollywood committed itself to almost entirely color film production by the late 1960s, primarily because:

Orlando (Potter)

In 1600, nobleman Orlando, inherits his parents' house, thanks to Queen Elizabeth I, who commands the young man to never change. After a disastrous affair with Russian princess Sasha, Orlando looks for solace in the arts before being appointed ambassador to Constantinople in 1700, where war is raging. One morning, Orlando is shocked to wake up as a woman and returns home, struggling as a female to retain her property as the centuries roll by.

My Beautiful Laundrette (Frears)

In a seedy corner of London, Omar, a young Pakistani, is given a run-down laundromat by his uncle, who hopes to turn it into a successful business. Soon after, Omar is attacked by a group of racist punks, but defuses the situation when he realizes their leader is his former lover, Johnny. The men resume their relationship and rehabilitate the laundromat together, but various social forces threaten to compromise their success.

How does his approach differ from political modernism? What similarities do his films have with Italian Neorealism?

In contrast with political realism, Loach's style is subordinate to realism, resulting in an unsentimental narrative structure. Italian Neorealist influences on Loach's films include episodic linearity, abrupt tonal shifts between comedy and melodrama, and a mixed casting of comedians and non-actors.

saturated television with ads for the film

In promoting its summer blockbuster film Jaws, Universal followed the lead of exploitation companies like American International Pictures and-

12 and 20 feature releases per year

In the early 60s, each Hollywood studio's output stabilized at between:

16 to 24

In the late 1960s, half of all American moviegoers were aged:

Outside the western world and the Soviet bloc

In the middle 1950s, sixty percent of the world's feature films were made:

Festival prizes, famous literary sources, or the name of a major director.

In the whole, the most exportable European films were those that carried some degree of prestige, like...

Pather Panchali

Inspired by filmmaker Satyajit Ray's desire to create more realistic films with actual locations and natural actors about real Indian issues. "Golden Age of Indian Cinema." Indian films were in competition for the Palme d'Or at the Cannes Film Festival almost every year of the 1950s and early 60s.

A Woman Under the Influence

Intense, providing a portrayal of a working class family and the dynamics of family, marriage, sex and social interactions. It's an exploration of a woman's psychology written and filmed with much understanding and dedication. "This particular woman, I don't think she's crazy ... I think she's just frustrated beyond belief. More than being crazy, I think she's just socially inept"

Awaara

It poses new questions around Modern Capitalism that gave the corporate lifestyle that speaks about wealth, competition and reward. The capitalistic notion that "the one who is unable to create wealth for the nation is of no use" gets challenged. As in the film, the wealth creators are the ones who are too selfish, too self-centered to think about beyond their own sphere. In fact, a vagabond Raj (who has no contribution in creating wealth) is the one who is there to embrace the society, the nation with all the empathy and love

One from the Heart

It really is a classic story; lovers break up, they meet new people, they reunite at the airport in the rain. There aren't many tweaks to the love story formula here. Additionally, our characters are hard to call likable, unless maybe you see some of them in yourself. They're flawed, average Americans — good blank slates for audience projection, but not very memorable or particularly interesting.

Daisies

Its form underlines content in a radical manner. Random jump-cuts transport the viewer across time and space. There are abrupt switches from colour to black and white, and the oblique dialogue helps make the proceedings narratively unhinged. But this choppy, expressive approach is riveting. It's a world away from the predictable stylings of mainstream cinema from the eraPerhaps the Czech New Wave's best-known film, it defines punk rock filmmaking years before the "punk" ethos came into being. Anarchic, playful, and anything but preachy, Daisies is the rare overtly political film that's designed not to be taken seriously.

Raging Bull

Lamotta's violence is a direct result of his insecurity. The constant need to prove himself to others impedes on the quality of his life on a daily basis. It's interesting that feminist film critics have pointed out that they think Raging Bull is an explicit statement of a radical critique of masculinity and the inherent violence that surrounds it.

What trend in filmmaking is Ken Loach associated with?

Loach is a working-class realist filmmaker.

Anamorphic widescreen (cinemascope)

Most films produced in Hollywood in the 1970s were shot in _______________ ________________ using either the Cinema Scope or Panavision systems.

Robert Altman

Multi-camera shooting, semi-improvised performances, overlapping dialogue

Ivan's Childhood

Narrates the very personal war of a twelve-year-old orphan, Ivan Bondarev, turned Soviet Army scout and partisan. A risky and dangerous job, it gains young Ivan the respect of his fellow combatants — who admire his tenacity, effectiveness, and bravado — while they simultaneously struggle with the fact that he is still just a kid, one they feel the paternal need to protect. An ironically poignant title that hints at innocent normalcy instead of the dehumanization and carnage of combat. Tarkovsky — who was the same age as Ivan when World War II began — stated that in making the film, he wanted to "convey all [his] hatred of war," and that he chose childhood "because it is what contrasts most with war."

Senegal

Ousmane Sembene's "Borom Sarret", often considered the first indigenous black African film, was produced in the nation of

What were the most exportable European films of this period? . How did these films mark a return to the art cinema of the 1950s and 1960s?

Prestige pictures and literary adaptations were the most exportable films. Europacorp Action- comedies. These films subscribed to the mild modernist trend of the 1950s and 1960s, and experimented little in terms of style or narrative. Influenced by Italian Neorealism -Bicycle Thieves -Episodic linearity -Alternating between comedy and melodrama - non-standard casting -Art cinema modernism -Objective realism -Subjective realism - Authorial Commentary - Ambiguity -A return to a less challenging and less political art cinema

Daisies

Psychedelic quality- Use of gags- Women are kind of anti-heroes

Chinatown

Separate elements and characters in the film, which both recalls his life's tragedies and foreshadows the scandals that would subsequently befall him- based the plot of his script on the 1904 Owens River Valley "Land Grab," knowing the farmers and ranchers who lived in the valley would need to put a stop to the project if they wanted access to the water, Mulholland and Eaton bribed a local Reclamation Service agent into showing them the necessary plans and then began buying up all the pertinent land and water rights in the Owens Valley area.

Ester Krumbachova

She is known for her contributions to Czech New Wave cinema in the 1960s, including collaborations with directors Věra Chytilová Worked on script, set design, costume design

The Mirror

Simile •His head was as hard as a rock! (hardness, rocks are hard, dense) •She is sharp as a tack! (sharpness, pointed, precise) •...as strong as a bull (really strong) •...as big as a house (very big!) •...as vast as the sea (even bigger!) •...as swift as an arrow (fast!) •Metaphor •"My love is like a red, red rose." (?)

5 strategies for European Filmmaking

State subsidies and coproduction systems (which had been in place since the post-war period) Television support, private investment, and the European community (new inventions, to combat the U.S. blockbuster)

New Hollywood Cinema

Steven Spielberg's Jaws (1975) changed the way Hollywood made movies and ushered in the

Don't Look Now (Roeg)

Still grieving over the accidental death of their daughter, Christine, John and Laura Baxter head to Venice, Italy, where John's been commissioned to restore a church. There Laura meets two sisters who claim to be in touch with the spirit of the Baxters' daughter. Laura takes them seriously, but John scoffs until he himself catches a glimpse of what looks like Christine running through the streets of Venice.

White Sun of the Desert

The 1970 Russian film, tells the story of Red Army soldier Sukhov, who, having fought in one of eastern fronts of the Bolshevik Revolution against Tsarist forces, is trying to return home. On the way back, he gets mixed up with the plight of several local men and women whom he must save and incorporate into an ideal Soviet Union.

The Firemen's Ball

The Fireman's Ball is slyly understated and satirical; it makes no direct political statement, but works clearly as a political allegory. It's the story — as the title indicates — of a ball (together with beauty pageant and raffle) put on by the volunteer firemen's unit of a small provincial town in Bohemia. The whole film is a nearly plotless display of buffoonery, corruption, and pomposity. An allegory of Czechoslovakia in the years before the Dubcek reforms -- and also the years after, as things turned out. Perhaps it is. But Forman is never obvious about it.

Yugoslavia

The film industry of which Soviet bloc country was the most "commercial" in Eastern European, able to enter coproductions with the West and host runaway productions?

Egypt

The films that circulated most widely in the Middle East after WWII were produced in

Hester street

The marvellously evocative study of Jewish immigrant life in turn-of-the-century New York, mainly told in delightfully subtitled Yiddish. Carol Kane plays Gitl, the wife of Steven Keats, summoned from the old country after he has been in America for a dangerous few years. Unsurprisingly she finds him a changed man, so she sets out to make her own way in the New World.

Pyaasa

The perfect example of parallel/art-house cinema marrying commercial Bollywood cinema. Both as director and actor, Guru Dutt delivers magnificently. The shots and camera angles are unusual by Bollywood standards, as they actually work toward heightening the emotions of the scene.

independent of all needs of the collective

The poetic cinema of Soviet directors Andrei Tarkovsky and Sergei Paradzhanov presented the artist's vision as

license

The rating system devised in the late 1960s by the MPPA allowed the industry to present itself as being sensitive to public concern while giving filmmakers __________ to treat violence, sexuality, or unorthodox ideas

rich and gloomy

The visual style developed by director Francis Ford Coppola and cinematographer Gordon Willis for The Godfather emphasized actors moving through _______ and ________ interiors

What effect did the expansion of commercial television have on the European film industry in the 1970s? What different effect did it have in the 1980s?

Theater attendance dropped dramatically. Television saved the film industry by purchasing broadcasting rights to films and funding production.

The Red and The White

Through its stylistic virtuosity, ritualistic power and sheer beauty, Jancsó invites us to study the mechanisms of power almost abstractly and with a cold eroticism that clearly portrays the utter futility of war. Although the film was an Hungarian-Russian co-production, the Russian authorities banned it from being shown anywhere in the Soviet Union. Miklós Jancsó is arguably the key Hungarian filmmaker of the sound era.

Cleopatra

Twentieth Century-Fox saw a loss of over $40 million on the production of which early 1960s blockbuster?

Join a regional production unit and rent

Under the Creative Film Unit system, implemented in 1955, Polish filmmakers could:

Heaven's Gate

United Artists collapsed as a Major in the early 1980s largely because of cost overruns on director Michael Cimino's

Eraserhead (1977)

Utilizing hallucinatory production design and special effects, haunting black-and-white cinematography and an astonishingly complex soundscape that combines industrial noise, leaky steam radiators and the music of Fats Waller, Lynch plunges viewers into a world unlike any other in the history of film—imagine the cinematic equivalent of the third sleepless night after being struck down with the world's nastiest head cold.

Yasjiro Ozu

Was interested in the ordinary Japanese people's everyday life, same actors/stories in his films, often made family dramas

How is Wim Wenders an example of "sensibilist cinema"? How are his films influenced by Yasujiro Ozu?

Wenders' lengthy landscape shots, silences, and images that invite intense study are "sensibilist cinema" traits. Like Ozu, he tries to reconcile narrative significance with pictorial beauty.

first country to use national television (to support filmmaking)

West Germany via the Film and Television Agreement of 1974.

Overall deal

What kind of "deal" brokered between agent and studio paid the agent's client (a star or a director) to develop "vanity projects" for the studio?

Arriflex

What was the brand name of a lightweight handheld camera introduced at the beginning of the 1970s and used for wide-angle compositions in films like Chinatown(1974)?

Shadows

Which 1961 "off-Hollywood" film, directed by John Cassavetes, ended with a title reading: "The film you have just seen was an improvisation"?

Francis Ford Coppola

Which American director-producer tried and failed with Zoetrope Studios to create a production center for personal film projects?

The musical

Which classic Hollywood film genre was not successfully revived by New Hollywood directors in the 1970s?

Alain Robbe-Grillet

Which novelist and Left Bank director broke into the French cinema as the screenwriter for Alain Resnais's Last Year at Marienbad?

Francis Ford Coppola

Which of the following directors was (arguably) New Hollywood's most-celebrated "movie brat," and has directed a number of celebrated films including: The Godfather (1972), The Conversation (1974), Apocalypse Now (1979), and The Outsiders (1983)?

Annie Hall

Widely considered Woody Allen's greatest film (1977), It is a hilarious but poignant work, remembered as much for its culturally referential wit as for the endearing relationship that unfolds amid the punch lines.Singer reflects briefly on his childhood and his early adult years before settling in to tell the story of how he and SHE met, fell in love, and struggled with the obstacles of modern romance, mixing surreal fantasy sequences with small moments of emotional drama.

roadshow

With independent productions comprising the bulk of the Majors' release schedules in the 1960s, more and more of the films financed and produced by the Majors on their own were __________ movies.

young directors

absorbed neorealist aesthetic and art cinema of 1950's - extended several postwar trends

Taxi Driver

alienated man, unable to establish normal relationships, becomes a loner and wanderer, and assigns himself to rescue an innocent young girl from a life that offends his prejudices.

The cloud-capped star

an angry, socially-conscious lament for a figure who is presented as typical in a certain sector of Indian life: the dutiful daughter who sacrifices everything, every dream and every possibility, in order to pay the way of all the other family members. This family system, this social system is like a vicious trap that slowly closes in on the main character, a shy woman named Nita (Supriya Choudhury). In this, it can indeed remind us of some of the great, subversive Hollywood "women's melodramas" of the 1940s and '50s, Was 1960 the last moment in world cinema history that a man could make such a film about a woman, about the so-called 'plight of woman' - and not only get away with it, but forge the highest art out of it, an art of deep empathy that elicits our equally deep respect and admiration?

stagnation in the ussr

anti-russian nationalism created poetic cinema--folk material, artist-bio genre eastern bloc socialist realism obliged artists to serve society poetic cinema presented artist's vision independent of collective needs challenged soviet orthodoxy

China

blending peking opera, ballet, and rev military subjects screened incessantly enacted maoist doctrine cultural revolution devastated education and industry

direct/ free cinema, cinema verite

candid documentary cinema prevalent in the 60s and 70s

Argentina: third cinema

cinema of discovery and art cinema the left tried to unseat military gov cine liberación defined political cine mala hora de los hornos--collage of image and sound, agitational, discussion-based

objective realism

enhanced by non-actors, real locations, improvised performance

long lens

fashionable for American cinematographers in the 1960s, tends to flatten the shot's space and soften focus

direct-cinema documentaries

film w/ panning and distance as journalist snooping on characters; allow y.d to film in a way that trad.d thought rough+unprofess

Latin America (1970s)

new song movement--political lyrics filmmakers gathered in twos and three soften in exile foreign models of socially critically cinema used, like vital neorealism hwood continuity for editing some montage experiments blur between doc and fiction connect theory and practice

Internationalizing

of film culture, film festivals spurred by youth culture

midnight movies

offbeat, often independent (non-Hollywood) counter-cultural cult films exhibited at theatres for late-night shows - sometimes involving audience participation; appealed to various small segments of niche audiences with different tastes; these films (originally sexual thrillers, slasher flicks, etc.) were often box-office bombs upon initial release, but then gained a faithful following; the phenomenon began in the early 70s, then mostly disappeared in the 80s, but has recently been revived.

black african cinema (1970s)

short films of exile life, neocolonialism, critiques of colonial regimes return to sources of indigenous cultures and distortion by europeans

Candid cinema

sound-on-tape recording, smaller microphones, cheap and flexible film stocks, portable lighting equipment innovations all led to the emergence of ________ __________

Direct sound recording, Greater depth of field, and film stock needing less light to create acceptable exposures

technological advances of the late 1950s and 1960s taken advantage of by "young cinema" directors?

fiction

technology was made for documentary but _________ took advantage

subjective

used flashbacks to intensify the sense of characters mental states in development of __________ realism

telephoto filming, discontinuous editing, complex camera movements

what replaced dense staging in depth that was common after WW2

femme fatale

woman of dangerous sexuality, desire and danger

1963

year New Cinema was no longer selling and it was difficult for new directors to get started