Nursing foundations exam 2 black chapter 4

Baccalaureate Programs

-Nurses need a bachelor's degree to qualify nursing as a recognized profession and to provide leadership in administration, teaching, and public health. -Growth of BSN was slow because of: ~Reluctance of universities to accept nursing as an academic discipline ~The power of the hospital-based diploma programs

Florence Nightingale believes

Nursing schools should be financially and administratively separate from hospitals.

Diploma programs - hospital based nursing education:

Nursing students staffed the hospital. High-quality nursing education was not the priority

The accrediting agency compares the educational quality of the program with

established standards and criteria, derives authority from the US Department of Education

1980: National Commission on Nursing recommended the

establishing of a clear system of nursing education including pathways for educational mobility and development of additional graduate education programs

Baccalaureate Programs: the theoretical, scientific orientation of the BSN program was

in sharp contrast to the "hands-on" skill and service orientation that was the hallmark of hospital-based diploma education

Accreditation

voluntary review process of educational programs by a professional organization

Master's Education

Entrance requirements Duration of the program Curriculum Major areas of role preparation Common graduate degrees

Articulated Programs

-Mobility between programs -Facilitate opportunities to move up the educational ladder. -Multiple-entry and multiple exit programs -Articulation agreements facilitate student movement between programs and accept transfer credit between institutions. These result in acceleration or advanced placement.

Characteristics of Pre-licensure Baccalaureate Programs

-4-year program. General education + nursing courses. -Faculty qualifications - minimum of master's degree -BSN graduates are eligible to take licensure exams, prepared to move into graduate programs and advanced practice certification programs. -2008 AACN. The Essentials of Baccalaureate Education for Professional Nursing Practice

Associate Degree Programs

-Accessibility of community colleges -Low tuition costs -Part-time and evening study opportunities -Shorter duration of programs -Graduates' eligibility to take the RN licensure exam

Two agencies for accreditation

-Accreditation Commission for Education in Nursing (ACEN) -Commission on Collegiate Nursing Education (CCNE)

Baccalaureate Programs for Registered Nurses: RN-to-BSN Education

-Diploma and ADN nurses are given credits to meet certain BSN requirements. -Transfer of general education courses -Options for advanced placement -Programs for Second-degree Students -Accelerated or fast-track sequence to award a second bachelor's degree or in some cases MSN

Challenges

-Faculty and other resources shortages -Average age of professors: 59 years -Average age of associate professors: 52 years

Becoming Certified: Validating Knowledge & Proficiency

-Licensure -Certification (Benefits of being a certified nurse) (ANCC and standardized certification Requirements)

Continuing Education: Maintaining Expertise and Staying Current

-Lifelong learning -Versus: Staff development -Role of ANCC -Contact hours -Mandatory continuing education

QSEN competencies

-Provide patient-centered care -Work in interdisciplinary teams -Employ evidence-based practice -Apply quality improvement -Utilize informatics

types of doctor degrees for nursing

-Research-focused degree—doctor of philosophy (PhD) -Practice-focused degree—doctor of nursing practice (DNP)

Accrediting agencies establish standards by which program effectiveness is measured, such as

-Self-study and site visits -Continued accreditation -Deficiencies -Implications on prospective students and graduates

External Degree Programs

-Students attend no classes. -It does not offer clinical experiences -encouraged to seek basic education that includes clinical instruction.

IOM: The Future of Nursing: Leading Change. Advancing Health. 4 Key Messages

1. Nurses must practice to the fullest extent of their education and training. 2. Nurses should attain higher education levels through a system of improved education with seamless progression across degrees. 3. As health care in the United States is being transformed, nurses should be full partners with other health care professionals in this effort. 4. Improved data collection and information infrastructure can result in more effective workforce planning and policy development.

Recommendations of Early Studies of Nursing Education

1. Nursing education programs should be established within the system of higher education. 2. Nurses should be highly educated. 3. Students should not be used to staff hospitals. 4. Standards should be established for nursing practice. 5. All students should meet certain minimum qualifications on graduation.

types of mastering for nurses

Administration, case management, informatics, health policy/health care systems, teacher education, clinical nurse specialist, NP, nurse-midwifery, nurse anesthesia, and other clinical and nonclinical areas of study

What is an accurate statement regarding nurse certification?

Certification validates knowledge, skills, and abilities.

Educational Paths to Become a Registered Nurse

Diploma Programs Baccalaureate Programs Associate Degree Programs

Doctoral Education

Doctoral programs prepare nurses to become faculty members in universities, administrators in schools of nursing or large medical centers, researchers, theorists, and advanced practitioners.

1982 National League for Nursing Position Statement on Nursing Roles

Scope and Preparation - affirmed BSN as minimum educational level for professional nursing practice and ADN or diploma as the preparation for technical nursing practice.

1996: AACN Position Statement

The baccalaureate Degree in Nursing as the Minimal Preparation for Professional Practice. It supports articulated programs which enable ADN nurse to attain BSN.

Quality and safety education for nurses (QSEN)

addresses the challenge to prepare nurses with the competencies needed to continuously improve the quality of care in their work environments

The major block to the advancement of nursing was the

ongoing conflict about educational preparation for nurses.

An accredited program voluntarily adheres to

standards that protect the quality of education, safety, and the profession itself