Final

a low IHDI.

"A country where only a few people have high incomes, college degrees and good health care will have"

settlement.

"A permanent collection of buildings where people reside, work and obtain services is known as a "

had formed independent states.

"By 1914, most of Latin America

Pittsburgh

"During the mid-nineteenth century, the U.S. steel industry concentrated around in which of the following cities due to its proximity to iron-ore and coal mines?"

physical, social and economic access at all times to safe and nutritious food

"Food security, as defined by the United Nations, is"

the rank-size rule.

"Generally, if the settlement hierarchy does not graph as a straight line, then the society does NOT follow

Brazil and Russia are rich in inputs critical for industry

"Goldman Sachs coined the acronym BRIC (Brazil, Russia, India and China) for the four countries destined to be responsible for much of the future growth in manufacturing. Which statement is TRUE regarding BRIC?"

open shop

"In a so-called ________, a union and a company may not negotiate a contract that requires workers to join a union as a condition of employment.

value added

"In manufacturing, the ________ is the gross value of the product minus the costs of raw materials and energy."

Maize is their leading energy source

"In terms of dietary energy, what do Mexico and East Africa have in common? "

Lake Erie

"In the late nineteenth century, steel mills were built around which one of the following places

compact

"Kenya, Uganda, Rwanda and Burundi are examples of ________ states."

landlocked

"Mali, Chad and Niger are examples of ________ states.

animate

"Prior to the Industrial Revolution, humans relied mostly on what kind of power

primary

"Resource extraction jobs, such as mining, fishing and forestry, fall into which economic sector?

range and threshold of the service.

"To determine the extent of a market area, geographers need to know the "

Mesopotamia and Egypt.

"Until around 350 B.C., the world's largest settlements were in

Germany

"What European nation is a leader in recycling, with almost 65% of all solid waste recycled?"

India.

"You are the owner of a manufacturing plant that is extremely labor intensive. All other factors aside, the most cost-effective country in which to locate your plant would be"

Central place theory

"________ explains how services are distributed and why a regular pattern of settlements exists, at least in developed countries such as the United States

The gravity model

"argues that the farther people are from a particular service, the less likely they are to use it. "

may pollute air or water resources

0.2 out of 0.2 points Hazardous waste is especially problematic because disposa

the IMF and the World Bank

0.2 points Which of the following organizations were conceived to promote development after World War II and to avoid a repetition of the disastrous economic policies that contributed to the Great Depression?

race.

Consumption of food is dependent upon all of the following variables EXCEPT

women are not allowed to take jobs in such industries as textiles, food processing or farming.

Critics contend that the international trade development approach does not place a high priority on workers' rights, charging all of the following EXCEPT"

aquaculture.

Cultivation of seafood under controlled conditions is called

New York and Tokyo

Eight of the ten most populous cities in the world are in developing countries. Which two are located in the developed world?

non-basic industries.

Enterprises whose customers live in the same settlement are known as

Rotterdam.

Europe's largest port in terms of cargo volume is

assist producers in expanding their local business into a multinational enterprise

Fair Trade attempts to achieve all of the following EXCEPT

subsistence agriculture.

Farming for the primary purpose of feeding one's family is known as

Sub-Saharan Africa

From which agriculture hearth did domesticated coffee emerge

becoming less common.

Frontiers between countries are

Mark makes more money than Jean but has less purchasing power

Jean is from the United States and makes $12.60/hr. Mark is from Canada and makes $14.00/hr. A Big Mac costs $4.25 in the United States and costs $7.00 in Canada. Which of the following statements is TRUE?

"secondary, tertiary "

Jim is a coal miner. Mary is a lawyer. Jim has a job in the ________ sector, while Mary works in the ________ sector."

11%

Labor constitutes what percentage of the overall manufacturing cost in the United States?

Latin America as a whole compared to other defined regions is considered developing. Each region may have a few countries that have very different HDI rankings.

Latin America is considered to be a developing region, yet Chile and Argentina have HDI rankings > 0.80. How can both be TRUE?"

a corridor between Interstate 65 and Interstate 75 between Alabama and Michigan.

Most automobile production in the United States occurs in

ethanol

Most automobiles in Brazil run on

along the southern end of Lake Michigan

Most large U.S. steel mills built during the early years of the twentieth century were located

Canada, the United States and Mexico

NAFTA includes which three nations?

prorupted.

Namibia and the Democratic Republic of Congo are examples of states which are

pastoral nomadism

North Africa and Southwest Asia is dominated by what form of agriculture?

the northeastern United States and southeastern Canada.

North America's manufacturing was traditionally located in

nuclear

Of the following common alternatives to fossil fuel resources, which is NOT renewable?"

assembly

Of the three principal steps involved in textile and apparel production, developed countries have a bigger role in the ________ because they account for the biggest market for assembled products.

on the development of new high-tech industries in Silicon Valley.

One-fourth of all capital in the United States is currently spent

5000

Permanent settlements existed prior to the beginning of recorded history around ________ years ago

the Roman Empire

Political unity in the ancient Mediterranean world reached its height in

"meat (beef, pork and poultry)

Residents of developed countries rely on ________ as the leading source of protein.

St. Petersburg.

Russia's second largest city, specializing in shipbuilding and other industries serving Russia's navy and ports in the Baltic Sea, is

petroleum

Saudi Arabia has relatively large proven reserves of

two-thirds; half

Services generate more than ________ of GDP in most developed countries, compared to less than ________ in most developing countries."

tropical rain forests.

Shifting cultivation is most commonly found in

tropical

Shifting cultivation tends to dominate in which major climate zone?

Singapore concentrated on producing a select number of goods and was able to sell them to developed countries cheaply because of their low labor costs.

Singapore is a classic example of a nation that embraced the international trade path. Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding how Singapore was a success?

in close proximity to their customer base.

Single-market manufacturers generally locate

its government carries on diplomatic relations with many other countries.

Taiwan can be considered a sovereign state because

14%

Textiles account for ________ of global manufacturing employment.

construction materials

Textiles are assembled into four main types of products. Which of the following is NOT one of the four major uses?

15

The 1991 breakup of the Soviet Union resulted in the creation of how many new nations?

a combination of environmental and cultural factors.

The Agricultural Revolution began because of

"states may establish research stations in Antarctica, but militaries are not permitted.

The Antarctic Treaty established that

pastoral nomadism.

The Bedouin of Saudi Arabia and the Maasai of East Africa often practice

Taiwan is not a sovereign state but part of China.

The Chinese (PRC) position with respect to the status of Taiwan (ROC) is

acid precipitation.

The combination of sulfur oxide with oxygen and water produces

manufacturing.

The concept of basic industries originally referred to

self-determination.

The concept that nations have the right to govern themselves is called

central place theory

The distribution of settlements of varying sizes in North Dakota adheres to the following pattern: larger settlements are fewer and farther apart, whereas smaller settlements are more frequent and closer together. This is an example of"

"mixed crops and livestock, livestock ranching

The eastern United States is dominated by ________ while the western United States is dominated by ________.

nomads to bury and honor their dead.

The first permanent settlements may have been a place for

city-states.

The first states in ancient Mesopotamia were

Russians.

The government designates 39 different ethnic groups within Russia. The most prominent and widespread group are

food prices

The greatest challenge to world food supply in the 21st century has been

agriculture

The heaviest demand for water comes from

Europe, North Africa/Southwest Asia "

The highest rates of female representation in national parliaments and/or congress are in ________ whereas the lowest rates of female representation are found in ________

the Green Revolution.

The invention and rapid diffusion of more productive agricultural techniques during the 1970s and 1980s is known as

ur

The largest prehistoric urban settlement in Mesopotamia was

domestic oil production

The largest single source for petroleum within the United States is

China.

The leading steel producer in the world in 2016 was

Africa

The lowest caloric intake is found on which continent?

Europe and the United States.

The lowest pupil-to-teacher ratios are found in

is to promote economic and political cooperation.

The main task of the European Union

range.

The maximum distance people are willing to travel to use a service is known as the

gross domestic product.

The measure of the value of the output of goods and services produced in a country in a year is known as

Threshold

The minimum number of people needed to support a service is called the

burial in a sanitary landfill.

The most common strategy for solid waste disposal in the United States is

paper.

The most commonly recycled product is

labor

The most important site factor on a global scale is

South Sudan

The newest member of the United Nations is (the)

New York.

The only Alpha ++ global city in the Americas is

United Kingdom.

The only nation-state who had colonies on five different continents at the outbreak of WWI in 1914 was

cracking

A form of gerrymandering where the opposition is spread across many districts to prevent them from reaching a majority within any district is known as

is a tangible geographic area rather than a line.

A frontier, in contrast to a boundary,"

mild climate suitable for agriculture

A global city needs to have all of the following EXCEPT

the United Nations

A global organization created after WWII that provides a forum for the discussion of international problems is called

passive solar energy

A greenhouse is a good example of a building heated by

in a developing nation with low labor costs.

A labor-intensive industry would be best located

India.

A nation in Asia which is used heavily for back-office services due to its low wages and English proficiency is

single-market manufacturer.

A producer of buttons, zippers or another specialized component for clothing is known as a"

microstate.

A state comprising an extremely small land area is known as a

unitary state.

A state which places most power in the hands of a central government is a

Sovereignty

A state with control over its internal affairs has

must be located close to the factories and/or customer base so as to deliver parts and supplies quickly.

A supplier of parts and materials who engages in just-in-time delivery

frontier.

A tangible geographic area in which no state exercises complete political control is called a(n

right-to-work law

A typical so-called ________ requires a factory to maintain an ""open shop"" and prohibits a ""closed shop.

grant different ethnicities or nationalities more effective representation

An increasing number of states have adopted a federal form of government primarily to

bulk-reducing industry

An industry in which the inputs weigh more than the final products is a

fragmented

Angola is an example of a(n) ________ state.

Arizona also dominates the concentration mills and smelter industry for copper.

Arizona dominates the U.S. copper mining industry. Copper mining is a bulk-reducing industry. This means that

it must possess a military.

Attributes of a state include all of the following EXCEPT

47%

The percentage of people living in cities increased from 3 percent in 1800 to about ________ percent in 2000.

3%

The percentage the labor force engaged directly in agriculture in developed countries is roughly

vertical integration.

The practice of corporations controlling all phases of production is called

fracking

The practice of extracting more gas from reserves by pumping water at high pressure is called

"a growing demand for steel by Chinese industries, such as the assembly of motor vehicles

The primary reason for the growth of the steel industry in China has been

Afghanistan.

The primary source region for cocaine production is

a milkshed.

The ring surrounding a city from which milk can be supplied without spoiling is known as

prefab housing.

The shift of world manufacturing to new industrial regions can be seen most clearly in the manufacture of

available land.

The site factor that cities have always lacked for industry is

Afghanistan.

The source of nearly 90% of the global opium supply is

agribusiness.

The system of commercial farming found in developed countries is known as

home-based manufacturing.

The term cottage industries was used to refer to

Nigeria

The terrorist group Boko Haram is most associated with which nation?

grapes and olives.

The two most important crops grown in the Mediterranean agricultural zone are

NATO and Warsaw Pact.

The two primary military alliances within Europe during the Cold War were

East Asia and Southeast Asia.

The two regions of the world which has seen a major decline in the number of undernourished people are

solar

The ultimate renewable resource for sustainable development iS

Gross National Income.

The value of the output of goods and services produced in a country in a year, including money that leaves and enters the country, is known as the"

Australia.

The world leader in land area devoted to organic farming is

Russia.

The world's largest multinational state is

2008

The world's population of urban settlements exceeded that of rural settlements for the first time in human history in

"winds are slight, skies are clear and a temperature inversion exists

The worst air pollution occurs when

a very inexpensive means of transporting goods long distances

China and India are the leading fabric producers because ________ offset(s) the expense of shipping inputs and transporting the products to faraway customers.

Coal

China has relatively large proven reserves of

soybeans and corn.

Two major crops for human consumption which have been genetically modified within the United States are

1/4

Using the rank-size rule, a country's fourth largest city is expected to be about ________ of the size of the largest city."

grazing lands.

Using the von Thünen Model, the agricultural zone farthest from a city will usually be

nonpoint source pollution

Water polluted by a farmer's poor irrigation control of fertilized lands is an example of

Iowa

What U.S. state has succeeded in avoiding the practice of gerrymandering?

Democrats have been the victims of packing.

What gerrymandering strategy can be seen from the Ohio Congressional map?

migration from the countryside

What has been the primary source for the population increase into cities in the developing world?

Iceland

What island nation is notable for its reliance on geothermal energy

Brazil

What nation in South America is a global leader in hydroelectric power generation

75%

What percentage of people live in urban areas in developed countries?

Greece

Which European nation was never a major site region for the Industrial Revolution?

China

Which country produces two-thirds of the world's cotton thread?

China, Russia, Australia and the United State

Which four nations have the largest proven reserves of coal

Mediterranean

Which is NOT a form of subsistence agriculture?

"a large, multiethnic state, where ethnic minorities may form a majority in isolated pockets of the state but are not numerous enough to gain large representation at the national level "

Which kind of nation-state would be best suited to adopt a federal form of government?

China

Which nation is currently responsible for one-third of the global yield of fish?

United States

Which nation is the leading source of foreign direct investment (FDI)?

China and the United States

Which nation(s) is/are the leading recipient of foreign direct investment (FDI)?

Slovenia

Which nation-state broke away peacefully from the multinational nation of Yugoslavia in 1991?

Africa

Which of the following continents has the lowest overall level of energy consumption per capita?

Central Mexico

Which of the following five places was not an original hearth of urbanization

containerization

Which of the following has helped facilitate the speed of transfer of goods at break-of-bulk points?

overpopulation in the developing world

Which of the following has not been cited as a factor by the United Nations as a contributor to record high food prices?

"All island nations are, by default, landlocked states

Which of the following is FALSE regarding landlocked states?

housing needs to be provided by employer

Which of the following is NOT a Fair Trade requirement?

government tax credits

Which of the following is NOT a common way in which discarded materials are normally recycled

biomass

Which of the following is NOT a hazardous waste

liberal usage of pesticides

Which of the following is NOT a principal practice of sustainable agriculture?

dairying

Which of the following is NOT an agricultural region found in developing countries?

rice

Which of the following is NOT an important plantation crop?

End wars between countries over resources

Which of the following is NOT one of the UN's Sustainable Development Goals?

Unprofitable private companies are subsidized and protected because of isolation from competition from large international companies.

Which of the following is TRUE for the self-sufficiency path to development?

The country opens itself up to foreign investment and international markets

Which of the following is TRUE of the international trade approach to development?

Bulk-reducing industries generally will locate close to its sources of input

Which of the following is TRUE regarding bulk-reducing industries?

The share of the total national income received by the richest one percent has increased in recent decades in the United Kingdom and the United States.

Which of the following is TRUE today with respect to inequality in the United States and the United Kingdom

carbon monoxide

Which of the following is a pollutant at the local scale?

textiles

Which of the following is a prominent example of an industry that generally requires less-skilled, low-cost workers?"

the percent of women holding full-time jobs outside the home

Which of the following is an accurate description of the female labor force participation rate?

There are constraints on the exercise of power by the executive.

Which of the following is more typical of a democracy than an autocracy?

The WTO compromises the sovereignty of countries

Which of the following is one of the main criticisms against the WTO?

India

Which of the following major world nations has a very high Gender Inequality Index, indicating high amounts of inequality between men and women?

China

Which of the following nation-states is an example of a unitary state

France

Which of the following nations was not an original 1958 member state of the European Economic Community (the forerunner of the EU)?

chlorofluorocarbon

Which of the following pollutants is threatening the Earth's ozone laye

East Asia

Which of the following regions has seen the most improvements in its HDI since 1980

Sub-Saharan Africa

Which of the following regions has the lowest HDI?

North America

Which of the following regions has the world's highest GNI per capita PPP

Inequality is generally greater in the developed world than the developing world.

Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding inequality?

The Fertile Crescent extended into the Arabian Peninsula.

Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding the Fertile Crescent?

Commercial agriculture tends to employ relatively few people in developed countries

Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding agriculture?

The demand for fish has risen sharply in developing countries

Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding global consumption of fish?

Australia

Which of the following was not an important agricultural hearth

defensive measures to protect the European homeland

Which of the following was not considered a prime motive for European states to establish colonies in other parts of the world?

call center

Which of the following will a company in the U.S. most likely outsource as a back-office function to a developing country?

legal representation in the U.S.

Which of the following will a company in the U.S. not typically outsource to a developing country?

North Africa

Which region of the Earth is NOT a major source of important minerals or precious metals?

wood

Which source of energy has become obsolete in the United States?

A sizeable percentage of the world's contemporary population still engages in hunting and gathering.

Which statement is incorrect with respect to hunting and gathering?

North America, Europe, Japan and South Korea "

Which three regions (or distinctive areas) are all considered developed based on their HDI scores?

China and the United States

Which two nations lead the world in car assembly?

United States

Which two nations supply one-fourth of the world's petroleum

Which two nations supply one-fourth of the world's petroleum

Which two nations supply one-fourth of the world's petroleum

North America

Which world region (or area) has the highest overall life expectancy?

the developing world

World Bank loans are concentrated in

rail

You need to send a large shipment of coal from central Pennsylvania to an industrial plant in southern California. What would be the best option to minimize cost and maximize the speed of transport?

Clustered linear rural settlements

_______ feature buildings clustered along a road or body of water to facilitate communications.

Fair trade

________ is trade that protects small businesses and workers.

Kraal

a traditional African village of huts, typically enclosed by a fence

radioactive

carbon monoxide

a hybrid vehicle

gasoline powers the engine at high speeds, and at low speeds an electric motor takes over. "

unify all German speakers into one state

he territorial ambitions of the Nazi party in the 1930s attempted to

Africa

he vast majority of nations with annual incomes below $5000 are found on which continent?

"The economically weaker countries (ex. Greece, Italy) within the European Union were forced to implement unpopular policies such as cutting services and raising taxes. "

hich of the following is TRUE about the European Union?

farmland

A feature of the physical environment commonly used to separate states includes all but which of the following?

iron.

A ferrous product contains

circular clustered rural settlement

A ________ consists of a central open space surrounded by structures

labor-intensive industry

A ________ is one in which wages and other compensation paid to employees constitutes a high percentage of expenses.

break-of-bulk

A ________ point is a location where transfer among transportation modes is possible.

nutrition, medical services

A baby born today in sub-Saharan Africa can expect to live on average to age 57. What are the two main factors that influence this relatively short lifespan expectation

bulk-gaining industry

A beverage bottling plant would be an example of which of the following?

near the location where their product is sold.

A bulk-gaining industry generally locate

a place to store and trade surplus food.

A business service provided by early urban settlements was

dispersed rural settlement

A characteristic of the contemporary North American rural landscape is farmers living on individual farms isolated from neighbors rather than alongside other farmers in settlements. This is known as a

photochemical smog.

A condition in which sunlight causes hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxides to react in the atmosphere produces

anocracy.

A country that is not fully democratic but also not fully autocratic is described as a(n)

slash and burn land-clearing techniques

A distinctive feature found in shifting cultivation is

was fragmented into rival estates held by nobility.

After the fall of the Roman Empire, Europe"

clustered rural settlement.

An agricultural based community in which a number of families live in close proximity to each other, with fields surrounding the collection of houses and farm buildings is known as a

microfinance.

An alternative source for loans in developing countries where a business owner is too poor to qualify for a standard bank loan is/are

State

An area organized into an independent political unit is a

South Africa.

An example of a perforated state is

electronics.

An example of an industry that has become reliant on outsourcing is

Biomass

Before the Industrial Revolution, the most important source of fuel was

China.

By most measures, the leading manufacturing nation in the world is

oil sands

Canada possesses massive deposits of an unconventional resource called

near their destined markets.

Car assembly plants tend to be located

Walter Christaller.

Central place theory was first proposed by

cereal grains.

Developing countries obtain most of their protein from

intensive subsistence, wet rice dominant

East Asia, South Asia and Southeast Asia are dominated by which form of agriculture?"

elongated

Gambia is an example of a(n) ________ state.

three levels, called alpha, beta, and gamma.

Generally, global cities are divided into"

shifting cultivation

Geographer Derwent Whittlesey has identified 11 main agricultural regions. Which agricultural region important in developing countries covers the most surface area in the Southern Hemisphere

central place theory

Geographers apply ________ to create market area studies that assist service providers with opening and expanding their facilities.

range

Geographers can estimate the ________ by using the ZIP codes of credit-card customers.

hexagons

Geographers use ________ to represent market areas because of their geometric properties compared with those of circles and squares

cultivate plants from a variety of hearths

In contrast to practitioners of agriculture, hunters and gatherers"

six

In developing countries, for every ten boys who attend high school, how many girls attend?"

economic and political power.

In the context of gender inequality, empowerment refers to the ability of women to achieve "

secondary

In which of the following sectors of jobs does manufacturing fall?

entertainment industry

In which one of the following sectors does the Boston metropolitan area not specialize?

Iraq and Syria

In which two nations did Islamic State control wide swaths of territory?

"Brazil, Argentina and Australia

Major net exporters of food include

the developing world.

Many countries have debt burdens that can equal half of their overall GNI. Countries which are in heavy debt to organizations such as the World Bank and IMF are largely concentrated in

Friday

Markets are discouraged in Muslim countries on which day of the week?

to access the Zambezi river

The Germans established the Caprivi Strip in present-day Namibia for which of the following reasons?

high-yield seeds and fertilizers

The Green Revolution employed which two of the following methods to increase crop yields?

inexpensive and abundant energy sources to run the factories

The Industrial Revolution resulted in the formation of clusters. Specific areas within these clusters such as Rhine-Ruhr Valley in Rotterdam, the Mohawk Valley in New York, and the Po Basin near the Alps developed because of nearby"

single ethnicity divided between two states

The Korean peninsula is a good example of a(n)

has standardized the territorial limits of most countries to 12 nautical miles

The Law of the Seas

Morocco.

The Sahrawi Republic (known as Western Sahara) is NOT recognized by

China, Taiwan and Japan.

The Senkaku/Diayou Islands are disputed between

a decent standard of living, access to knowledge, and a long and healthy life."

The UN's Human Development Index (HDI) takes into account three factors. These are

years of schooling

The United Nations considers ________ to be the most critical measure of the ability of an individual to gain access to knowledge needed for development.

Gender Inequality Index (GII)

The United Nations measurement of a country's gender inequality is the country's

gross national income per capita at purchasing power parity.

The United Nations measures the average income in countries through a complex index called

"two geometric boundaries, one that runs along the 49 degree north latitude, and the other between Alaska and Canada.

The United States and Canada share

dairy farming.

The agricultural practice most dependent on being close to consumers is

outsourcing.

The allocation of production by transnational corporations to low-wage countries is known as

potential reserve.

The amount of energy in fields not yet identified but thought to exist is a

market area (or hinterland).

The area surrounding a service from which customers are attracted is known as the

the developing world.

The areas of the highest inequality are found in

Sub-Saharan Africa

This region has the world's highest percentage of people living in poverty and suffering from poor health and low education levels.

"Northeastern Spain, centered on Barcelona "

This region was Europe's fastest-growing manufacturing area during the late twentieth century.

Iran, Qatar and Russia

Three nations account for almost half of the proven natural gas reserves. They are

World Trade Organization (WTO).

To promote the international trade development model, most countries have joined the

lettuce, peaches and tomatoes

Truck farming is often associated which of the following products

Preservation

maintenance of resources in their present condition.