Final Exam

53. If someone asked you about the effectiveness of treatment for Alzheimer's disease, you would have to say:

"Even the best treatments have limited success."

19. You see a video on YouTube designed to support young people who are gay and have experienced bulling. It is probably part of a program called:

"It gets better."

21. "My seven-year-old needs to get help for conduct disorder. What do you recommend?" Of the following alternatives, your BEST answer is:

"Parent management training should work best."

4. Imagine that you heard an "expert" on TV talking about child abuse. Which of these statements would make you MOST likely to doubt the credibility of the expert?

"Substantially more girls than boys are physically abused."

44. "Grandpa is 88 years old, and there's no sign of neurocognitive disorder," says a friend of yours. Your MOST accurate reply is:

"That's wonderful—about half of people that age do have signs of neurocognitive disorder."

17. Which of the following is a qualified criminal justice professor MOST likely to say?

"The crimes that juvenile boys and girls commit are different."

32. A child with autism is laughing but sees another child crying. When asked what the other child is feeling, the child with autism is MOST likely to say:

"happiness," because of mindblindness.

5. Which of the following statements regarding the relationship between psychological abuse and other forms of abuse and neglect is MOST accurate?

A child who experiences any form of abuse most likely also experiences psychological abuse.

62. If a person with paranoid schizophrenia commits murder and either is not able to understand that murder is wrong or is not able to control his or her actions and follow the law, that person would MOST likely be eligible for an insanity defense under:

All the answers are true.

2. A particular concern among children and adolescents would be:

Bullying

48. Lucille experienced severe mood, personality, and bodily movement changes. MOST likely, she has:

Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease.

60. Suffering from a psychophysiological disorder—such as headaches, alcoholism, and substance abuse—might make one eligible for an insanity defense under the:

Durham test

64. Which of the following potential headlines is MOST accurate?

In the United States, fewer than 1 in 400 criminals is found not guilty by reason of insanity.

58. "I'm sorry I did that. I didn't know it was wrong," is MOST consistent with the:

M'Naghten rule.

63. In response to a recommendation by the American Psychiatric Association regarding insanity pleas, current federal practice is MOST like the:

M'Naghten rule.

34. Based on the MOST current research, we can conclude that:

MMR vaccinations are not related to the development of autism.

72. In the past, people with mental disorders were less likely than those without mental disorders to commit violent or dangerous acts. Why do we think that is?

Many more were hospitalized in the past than are now.

78. Which of the following is the MOST accurate statement regarding the relationship between eyewitness testimony and how it is used in the legal system?

Most juries are very skeptical of the accuracy of eyewitness testimony, for good reason.

23. A child's distracting behaviors occur only in a school setting, and include failure to follow instructions and finish work, answering questions before they have been completed, and a lot of seat squirming and fidgeting. Could ADHD be a diagnosis of this child?

No; the child's symptoms occur in only one setting.

75. If you are involuntarily committed, you have the right to request that your records periodically be reviewed in order to determine if it is safe to release you. This request is possible because of:

O'Connor v. Donaldson

50. In order to control occasional pain and inflammation, a person uses an over-the-counter drug containing ibuprofen. Interestingly, recent research shows that person also may be reducing the risk of contracting which disease?

Parkinson's disease

49. An individual suffering from a neurological disorder shows no evidence of infection or poisoning, but experiences tremors, rigidity, and unsteadiness. The MOST probable diagnosis is:

Parkinson's disease.

6. For which of the following anxiety disorders would you expect the childhood pattern to be MOST similar to the adult pattern?

Phobias

28. Assume that you are alone in a room with a child suffering from a disorder. If you didn't know what the child's diagnosis was, what behavior of the child's might start to convince you that the disorder is autism spectrum disorder?

The child is not responsive to other people.

25. Elimination disorders are diagnosed when which of the following criteria has been met?

The children have reached an age at which they are expected to control their bodily functions.

80. If a psychologist wanted to write a newspaper column on mental health issues in the community, the psychologist would need to do which of the following in order to comply with professional ethical standards?

The psychologist would need to make sure the advice was based on sound research.

76. Which of the following is an example of the way patients' rights might interfere with patients' recovery (that is, an example of a time when patients' rights are not good for the patients)?

The right to refuse medication may limit the patient's recovery.

79. All of the following are characteristics of a serial murderer EXCEPT:

They have empathy for their victims.

10. Results from TADS (Treatment for Adolescents with Depression Study) BEST support which of the following conclusions?

Treatment that works for one category of people may not be effective for another category of people.

65. You are a forensic psychologist testifying about the sanity of someone. The question that is hardest for you to be sure of answering correctly is:

Was the defendant sane at the time of the crime?

1. Surveys show that ______ is a common experience for close to half of all children in the United States.

Worry

81. If Dr. Phil were a psychologist, would he be ethically allowed to offer advice to people on television?

Yes, as long as he bases his advice on appropriate psychological practice.

51. According to recent research, should patients with Alzheimer's disease be encouraged to repeat activities daily that they enjoyed doing when they were younger?

Yes; repetitive behaviors can actually reverse cognitive decline for a period of at least a couple of years.

85. Which of the following is the BEST example of mental health parity?

Your insurance covers medical and mental illnesses equally.

71. A person who had a serious mental illness and was in need of treatment could, nevertheless, not be civilly committed unless that person was also:

a danger either to themselves or to others.

37. A child who has difficulty putting puzzles together, playing ball, or who writes at a level well below that of others his or her age, may be diagnosed with:

a developmental coordination disorder.

39. Among the "oldest old," those who are over 95 years of age, the MOST common concern is:

a fear of losing mental abilities.

84. A landmark California court case, Tarasoff v. Regents of the University of California, dramatically affected the right to confidentiality between client and therapist. This case led to the conclusion that:

a therapist must break the obligation of confidentiality if there is the potential that the person may hurt someone, even if a particular victim has not been identified.

56. A person who has been criminally committed has been:

accused of a crime and sent to a psychiatric institution for mental health treatment.

82. Imagine that you are a therapist working on the border between the United States and Mexico, but don't speak Spanish. What is proper ethical behavior for you?

acknowledge your limitations and seek further training

74. The Wyatt v. Stickney decision forced state hospitals to provide:

adequate treatment.

73. If you received two-physician certificates, you would have:

been involuntarily committed.

43. An individual has just been diagnosed with mild neurocognitive disorder. We know for sure that the person:

can still function independently.

46. A person who has an excess of plaques due to Alzheimer's would be likely to have:

cell breakdown and death.

11. Childhood patterns of behavior that are diagnosed as bipolar disorder differ from adult patterns in that:

children display rage and aggression rather than mania.

55. Defendants who are actively hallucinating and experiencing delusions during the time of their trials are MOST likely to be:

committed for treatment until they improve enough to defend themselves.

36. Children with persistent difficulty acquiring, using, or comprehending spoken or written language may be diagnosed with:

communication disorder.

47. Among the proposed causes of Alzheimer's are all of the following EXCEPT:

concussion or other brain injury.

16. A child has repeatedly engaged in shoplifting and in hitting neighborhood pets with rocks. The child frequently is aggressive and has engaged in an increasing number of fights. The MOST appropriate diagnosis for this child is:

conduct disorder.

13. Critics believe that bipolar disorder has become a catch-all diagnosis for children who display uncontrolled rage. DSM-5 addressed this concern by:

creating a new disorder, called disruptive mood dysregulation

45. With Alzheimer's, physical health usually:

declines less rapidly than mental health.

42. An 80-year-old hospitalized individual is recovering from surgery but now has gotten an infection. Over the course of a few days, the person shows increasing confusion and consistently misinterprets what others are trying to communicate. The MOST probable diagnosis for this condition would be:

delirium.

87. You are treating another therapist for a disorder. What is the therapist you are treating MOST likely to exhibit?

depression or anxiety

86. The preference insurance companies show for short-term mental health services, by default, favors:

drug treatment over talk therapies

83. A therapist who broke confidentiality with a patient without the patient's consent because of fears that the person would harm someone else was acting according to the ethical principle of:

duty to protect.

22. Among the goals of parent-child interaction therapy, are all of the following EXCEPT:

encouraging parents to not change how they act with their child.

26. From which of the following pair of disorders is a child MOST likely to recover by adulthood?

enuresis and encopresis

3. You read a case study about a 10-year-old girl from a poor background who was sexually abused. This case is:

fairly common; girls, regardless of their socioeconomic group, are the most common victims of sexual abuse.

8. Behavioral and somatic symptoms rather than cognitive ones, such as clinginess, sleep difficulties, and stomach pain are MORE characteristic of anxiety disorders:

in children rather than in adults.

59. "I can't help myself. I had to do it," would likely be a successful insanity defense:

in fewer than half of the states in the United States.

67. In the case of Foucha v. Louisiana, the Supreme Court ruled that the only acceptable basis for determining the release of hospitalized offenders is whether they are still:

insane

61. If a man walked in on his wife in bed with his best friend and killed both of them in a fit of "passion," that man may be eligible for an insanity defense under the:

irresistible impulse test.

41. Among the elderly, schizophrenia is:

less common than among younger individuals, and there are fewer new cases per year.

24. Compared to white American children, African American and Hispanic American children with similar levels of activity and attention problems are:

less likely to be assessed for ADHD, and less likely to be diagnosed with ADHD.

38. A child grows up in a poor and nonstimulating environment, which puts the child at greatest risk for which level of intellectual developmental disorder?

mild

69. When nonwhite defendants, compared to white defendants, are evaluated for competence to stand trial:

nonwhite defendants are more likely to be found incompetent to stand trial.

57. Which of the following people would never have to stand trial for a crime he or she might have committed?

one judged not guilty by reason of insanity

35. Which one of the following people would MOST correctly be diagnosed with intellectual developmental disorder?

one with an IQ of 69 having problems coping with life

15. A child will not obey his mother. When threatened with punishment, he swears, throws things, and threatens to break everything in the house. His outbreaks seem to be restricted to his parents, but he is almost completely unmanageable. This is an example of:

oppositional defiant disorder

14. Boys and girls have about the same percentage chance of being diagnosed with:

oppositional defiant disorder if they are prepubertal.

18. Carl is a terrible bully. He is very aggressive and repeatedly takes advantage of others. He will say anything to get his way or stay out of trouble. Recently, he was arrested for vandalism and ended up getting probation. He will MOST likely be labeled as displaying:

oppositional defiant disorder.

40. A person who abuses alcohol frequently often drinks alone, blacks out occasionally, and falls a lot. These characteristics are:

over twice as common in young alcohol abusers as they are in elderly alcohol abusers.

20. An intervention in which parents and their children who have been diagnosed with conduct disorder learn to do behavior therapy—targeting and rewarding desired behavior—is called:

parent management training.

29. When a child with autism spectrum disorder says, "You want a drink," when he really means that he wants a drink, he is displaying:

pronominal reversal.

68. The current trend in legislation and treatment regarding people who commit sex crimes and are also mentally ill is to:

require both punishment for the crime and treatment.

30. Individuals with autism spectrum disorder may react with tantrums if an object is moved to a different part of the room. This is known as:

rigid and repetitive behavior.

33. A person diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder listens to a piano piece at a concert. Later at home, the person plays the piano piece without the music and without making a mistake. This behavior is best described as a:

savant skill.

9. Imagine a child who is afraid of the school resource officer and his or her gun. The child cries every morning and fakes illness to avoid school. The BEST diagnosis for this child is:

school refusal

27. Your daughter is MORE likely than your son to be diagnosed with:

separation anxiety disorder.

52. Of the following, which is the MOST likely to lead to hospitalization for an Alzheimer's patient?

the caretaker being overwhelmed.

66. The reason that offenders are being released from mental hospitals earlier and earlier is the result of:

the increasing effectiveness of drug therapy.

7. The typical child may not realize that the thoughts and beliefs of others are different from theirs or be able to anticipate future negative events. Therefore:

the symptoms of childhood anxiety tend to be different from adult symptoms

12. The MAIN concern over the rise in diagnosis of bipolar disorder in children, and in particular, the treatment of bipolar disorder in children is:

the use of adult medications.

70. The majority of criminals institutionalized for psychological treatment in the United States are there because:

they were judged mentally incompetent.

54. A forensic psychologist would be likely to do all of the following EXCEPT:

write legislation to regulate the practice of psychology in the courts