Final Exam

A sex-linked chromosomal abnormality that is characterized by a male having an extra X chromosome. A man with this disorder typically has underdeveloped testes, a high risk of sterility, and frequently develop small breasts. Some learning disabilities can result. A. Klinefelter's Syndrome B. Fragile X Syndrome C. Turner Syndrome D. Sickle cell anemia E. Tay Sachs Disease

A. Klinefelter's Syndrome

Which of the following is true about cancer in middle childhood? A. Leukemia is the most prevalent type of cancer in children B. Children with cancer are dying earlier today than in the 1970s C. The incidence of cancer in children has decreased dramatically in recent years D. One in every 130 children in the US develops cancer before starting the age of 17

A. Leukemia is the most prevalent type of cancer in children

Educating children with a disability partially in a special education classroom and partially in a regular classroom (mixed) A. Mainstreaming B. IEP C. Out of district placement D. Inclusion E. Self-contained classroom

A. Mainstreaming

What is the best description of our current understanding of what "causes" the autism spectrum disorders? A. Improper family socialization B. A brain dysfunction with differences in brain structure and neurotransmitters C. Damage to the prefrontal cortex of the brain D. Childhood immunizations

B. A brain dysfunction with differences in brain structure and neurotransmitters

Whichof the following is an accurate statement about a learning disability? A. A learning disability is mainly due to cultural or economic disadvantage B. A learning disability can be due to low birth weight/preterm birth or fetal alcohol syndrome C. A learning disability is almost always primarily the result of environmental disadvantage D. A learning disability is primarily the result of intellectual disability (having a below average IQ)

B. A learning disability can be due to low birth weight/preterm birth or fetal alcohol syndrome

What is the cause of fetal alcohol syndrome? A. Alcohol in the pregnant woman's bloodstream contracts her blood vessels and prevents her from providing the fetus with adequate nutrition B. Alcohol in the pregnant woman's bloodstream crosses the placenta into the unborn fetus' system and disrupts its ability to get enough oxygen for normal growth and development C. Alcohol in the pregnant woman's bloodstream makes her reckless and more likely to fall or otherwise cause injury to the fetus D. Alcohol in the pregnant woman's bloodstream upsets her hormonal balances and prevents her from delivering enough testosterone to a male fetus and estrogen to a female fetus

B. Alcohol in the pregnant woman's bloodstream crosses the placenta into the unborn fetus' system and disrupts its ability to get enough oxygen for normal growth and development

Alyssa is 23 weeks pregnant. Her friend tells her, "You are almost to the end of your pregnancy. Your baby is moving around. He probably weighs about 3 pounds and if he were born now, he'd need an incubator but he'd be fine." Which part of Alyssa's friend's statement is TRUE? A. Alyssa is about 80% done with her pregnancy gestational period B. Alyssa's baby is able to move C. Alyssa's baby weighs about 3 pounds D. Alyssa's baby could live outside of her body and have very few complications if he was born at 23 weeks

B. Alyssa's baby is able to move

Felicia is an American between 65-74 years of age. Her doctor should be concerned about her developing ___, the most frequently occurring chronic condition for a woman in her age group. A. Heart disease B. Arthritis C. Lung disease Hearing impairment

B. Arthritis

Which of the following health conditions or disabilities does not differ in frequency of severity by racial or ethnic background? A. Obesity B. Arthritis C. Type II Diabetes D. Sickle Cell Anemia

B. Arthritis

Benji starts calling his father "dad," but he also calls all men that he sees "dad." According to Piaget, this error is the result of which well-known key cognitive schema? A. Accommodation B. Assimilation C. Imitation D. Application

B. Assimilation

Children born low in birth weight, especially preterm babies, are more likely than their typical birth weight counterparts to develop which of the following health conditions or disabilities? a. Microcephaly b. Learning disabilities and breathing problems such as asthma c. Muscular dystrophy and deafness d. APGAR scores in 5-6 range

b. Learning disabilities and breathing problems such as asthma

In the lecture on Death and Dying, I cited from Saul's Ted Talk video on the topic of "occupying death" and having some advance directives in place. Which of the following two questions below is one of the more important questions to ask regarding our intentions when we may be approaching death? A. "In the event that you become too sick to speak for yourself, who would you like to speak for you?" B. "Do you believe in euthanasia?" C. "What is your greatest fear about growing old?" D. What is your idea of a good death?"

A. "In the event that you become too sick to speak for yourself, who would you like to speak for you?"

Which of the following groups has the highest rate of suicide attempts?A. American Indian/Alaska Native female adolescents B. Asian American/Pacific Islander female adolescents C. Non-latino white female adolescents D. African American male adolescents

A. American Indian/Alaska Native female adolescents

Which of the following is true about the cell biology characteristics of Alzheimer's disease? A. Amyloid plaques, a hallmark of AD, are chemically "sticky" proteins called beta-amyloid that build up outside and between the nerve cells in the brain B. Adults who are aging typically and do not develop AD have no amyloid plaques or tangles C. Brain tissue biopsies, while the person is in the early stages of AD, are useful in clearly identifying of the location of the plaques and tangles in brain cells to confirm the diagnosis of this degenerative disorder

A. Amyloid plaques, a hallmark of AD, are chemically "sticky" proteins called beta-amyloid that build up outside and between the nerve cells in the brain

Tony is 50 years old. Which of the following list of chronic disorders is he more likely to experience than a woman of the same age? A. Cancer, heart disease, stroke B. Arthritis, bursitis, varicose veins C. Sinus problems, respiratory problems D. Cirrhosis, dementia, hypertension

A. Cancer, heart disease, stroke

Stanley is 7 years old. His parents are quite concerned about his school progress. Although he has begun to learn and read, and is doing quite well with his reading comprehension, he reverses some letters when he writes. Stanley's school counselor tells his parents that A. Children are unique, and they brain development can be quite uneven in childhood and as a result, it is not unusual for children to show poor performance in isolated skills. They should watch his writing over the next year to see if it improves B. Stanley almost certainly has a serious learning disorder that requires immediate intervention C. If a child shows normal progress in other reading related skills, like Stanley does, the child is probably faking the letter reversals as a bid for attention, which is characteristic of a child at this age. D. Stanley needs glasses

A. Children are unique, and they brain development can be quite uneven in childhood and as a result, it is not unusual for children to show poor performance in isolated skills. They should watch his writing over the next year to see if it improves

Which of the following is one of the BEST predictors of job performance in older adults? A. Cognitive ability B. Educational attainability C. Numerical ability D. Verbal memory

A. Cognitive ability

Juan and his little sister, Anne, are each given a large cookie. "Their mother breaks Anne's cookie into four pieces to enable her to eat it easily. Juan immediately begins to cry and says that it is not fair for his sister to get so many cookies when he only has one. Juan is showing a lack of: A. Conservation B. Centration C. Theory of mind D. Symbolic function

A. Conservation

The awareness of young children that helps them to know that altering an object's or a substance's appearance does not change its basic properties. A. Conservation B. Zone of Proximal Development C. Egocentrism D. Centration E. Theory of Mind

A. Conservation

Which of the following is the most accurate conception of adolescence when considering the majority of people aged 12-19? A. For most individuals, adolescence is a time of evaluation, decision making, commitment, and carving out a place in the world B. For almost all individuals, adolescents is a time for rebellion, crisis, pathology, and serious deviance C. Almost all adolescents have a brush with juvenile delinquency D. Very few adolescents contribute positively to their communities and make a successful transition through adolescence

A. For most individuals, adolescence is a time of evaluation, decision making, commitment, and carving out a place in the world

Which of the following is the most accurate conception of adolescence when considering the majority of people aged 9-12? A. For most individuals, adolescence is a time of evaluation, decision making, commitment, and carving out a place in the world B. For almost all individuals, adolescence is a time of rebellion, crisis, pathology, and serious deviance C. . Almost all adolescents have a brush with juvenile delinquency D. Very few adolescents contribute positively to their communities and make successful transitions through adolescence

A. For most individuals, adolescence is a time of evaluation, decision making, commitment, and carving out a place in the world

According to Piaget, during the beginning of the ___ stage, assimilation dominates, and an adolescent's thoughts are full of idealism and possibilities. A. Formal operational B. Preconventional reasoning C. Concrete operational D. Conventional reasoning

A. Formal operational

Which of the following is the most accurate list of ASD "red flags"? A. Has poor eye contact, no babbling or use of gestures by 12 months of age, seems to be in his/her own world, not interested in other children, and no single words by 16 months B. Some babbling and pointing and other gestures by 12 months but no single words by 16 months C. No babbling or use of gestures by 12 months of age, and only a few words by 16 months D. Doesn't respond to name when called and has poor eye contact, don't play with toys, reciprocates a smile by 24 months, and can point to a few things he/she wants

A. Has poor eye contact, no babbling or use of gestures by 12 months of age, seems to be in his/her own world, not interested in other children, and no single words by 16 months

In the video we saw of Joseph at age 5 1⁄2 years of age, he responded to several questions. Which of the following is the most accurate statement about Joseph's responses? A. He had not yet achieved conservation of mass, as evidenced by the class experiment B. His drawing skills were exceptional for someone his age. C. He clearly is a genius because he knew that clouds are blue because "the light bends" D. He demonstrated very little concern or anxiety about answering the questions correctly

A. He had not yet achieved conservation of mass, as evidenced by the class experiment

Marty pulls himself up to a standing position and is trying to walk using furniture for support. What can we conclude about Marty? A. He is probably 9-12 months old B. He is about 2 years old C. He is demonstrating some good mastery of fine motor skills D. He has not yet learned the concept of object permanence

A. He is probably 9-12 months old

According to Erik Erikson, which of the following is a precursor to establishing intimacy in romantic relationships during emerging adulthood? A. Identity development in adolescence B. Moral development in late childhood C. Post conventional reasoning in childhood D. Post formal thought in adulthood

A. Identity development in adolescence

Good nutrition and regular exercise can improve ____ for people of old age just as it can in those of younger ages. Pick the BEST answer. A. Immune system functioning B. Vision C. Hearing D. Numerical ability

A. Immune system functioning

Nicholas has agreed to cut the grass this summer at the place where his 65-year-old grandpa Charlie lives. If his grandpa lives in the kind of setting that is characteristic of the majority of elderly male adults his age in the US, Nicholas will be cutting the grass where? A. In a neighborhood community where he lives with his wife in their own home or apartment B. At a nursing home where he receives nursing care C. At Nicholas' own house, where his grandpa Charlie, who is likely widowed, now lives with Nicholas and his family D. In an assisted living setting on his own, as he is likely widowed.

A. In a neighborhood community where he lives with his wife in their own home or apartment

_____ was the main cause of death in the United States until the middle of the twentieth century, while now at the turn of the twenty-first century, the main cause of death in middle adulthood in the United States are: A. Infectious disease; chronic disease B. Chronic disease; infectious disease C. Homicide; chronic disease D. Accidents; infectious disease

A. Infectious disease; chronic disease

Ayda is in middle adulthood in her native culture, a non-industrialized country. According to what is known about midlife in different cultures, we can expect that Ayda will probably: A. Not experience much of a midlife crisis. She may even experience increased respect. B. Experience a midlife crisis, that results in some loss of status and respect in her culture C. Experience a more severe and negative midlife crisis than she would if she lived in an industrialized country D. Experience a midlife crisis in much the same way she would if she lived in an industrialized country, except without loss of status or respect

A. Not experience much of a midlife crisis. She may even experience increased respect.

Which of the following is one of the outcomes of the restructuring, downsizing, and outsourcing resulting from globalization? We discussed this during middle adulthood. A. Offering incentives to middle-aged employees to retire early B. Encouraging middle-aged professionals to take up entrepreneurship C. Offering incentives to young professionals to out-perform middle-aged employees D. Hiring more middle-aged professionals to supervisory and managerial positions

A. Offering incentives to middle-aged employees to retire early

Peter, who is an aggressive 11 year old, is referred to the counselor because of a recent episode of fighting on the bus. When asked to explain what happened, Peter said that he had to sit next to a girl who was laughing with her friends across the aisle about the stupid kids in school. Peter said that the girl seated next to him looked him straight in the eye" at one point during the story. Enraged by this, Peter pushed her head into the window. What answer describes the second step in Peter's social information processing sequence? A. Peter interprets the girl's comments as referring to him B. Peter clarifies exactly what he needs to do in the situation and thinks of an optimal response C. Peter encodes the information into long-term memory D. Peter pushes the girl seated next to him

A. Peter interprets the girl's comments as referring to him

Over the past week, Walter has been trying to learn to tie his shoelaces. Initially, his mother was holding his hands and working his fingers through the process, but now that Walter has gotten better at it, she only guides him verbally. Which of the following is this an example of? A. Scaffolding B. Conservation C. How heredity shapes cognitive development D. Intuitive reasoning

A. Scaffolding

Whereas Jean Piaget emphasized the biological processes of cognitive development, Lev Vygotsky emphasized the effects of ___ on development. A. Social interaction and culture B. Critical periods of behaviors C. The unconscious D. Operations (internalized mental actions)

A. Social interaction and culture

The rate of overweight and obesity has tripled for children in the last 20 years. Which of the following is TRUE about for children who are overweight in middle to late childhood? A. They have an increased risk of some form of heart disease and high blood pressure B. The risk of developing Type 2 diabetes is very slight C. Almost 60% of children aged 6-19 are overweight or obese D. There is still relatively little risk that they will be overweight as adults

A. They have an increased risk of some form of heart disease and high blood pressure

Edwin was a neglected child in his infancy. Now, at 31 years of age, he is highly cynical about the world and feels that no one can be relied upon. Whenever he is in a relationship with a woman, he has tremendous feelings of suspicion toward his partner, and these feelings eventually lead to the breakup of the relationship. According to Erik Erikson's psychosocial theory, this is a good indication that Edwin did not successfully resolve the ____ stage of development, which in turn is causing him to experience____ in his current developmental stage. A. Trust vs Mistrust; Isolation B. Autonomy vs Shame and Doubt; Isolation C. Trust vs Mistrust; Despair D. Autonomy vs Shame and Doubt; Intimacy

A. Trust vs Mistrust; Isolation

Gary injured his spine while diving with friends after hours in the town pool. He is in an age group that is at the highest risk for spinal cord injury. Which of the following age ranges represents his age at the time of his accident? A. 10-15 years B. 16-24 years C. 25- 30 years D. 40-45 years

B. 16-24 years

Which baby is at lowest risk for SIDS? A. A one month old Eskimo female whose parents make sure she sleeps on her back B. A Caucasian three month old male who was born full term at 8lbs, 2 oz. C. An African American one month old female whose sister died of SIDS D. A preterm nine weeks old ASian male whose father smokes

B. A Caucasian three month old male who was born full term at 8lbs, 2 oz.

Elias puts her infant daughter in her crib for a nap, and a few minutes later she begins to cry. He is not sure what to do so he goes to his Santrock text to find what each theorist would do in this situation. Knowing what we know about each theorist, which statement is most accurate about what each would do in this situation? A. John Bowlby, an ethologist, would wait 10 minutes, then go to his daughter to soothe her crying. B. Erikson, a psychoanalytic theorist, would pick up the baby and soother him or her so that a healthy sense of trust develops C. Erikson, a psychoanalytic theorist, would soothe the baby about every other time, so that he or she does not become dependent on external comforters D. Vygotsky, a behavioral theorist, would put the baby on a behavioral program with rewards and reinforcers.

B. Erikson, a psychoanalytic theorist, would pick up the baby and soother him or her so that a healthy sense of trust develops

A sex linked chromosomal disorder resulting from an abnormality in the X chromosome which often becomes constricted. This disorder occurs more frequently in males than in females. A person with this disorder typically has some sort of mental deficiency such as mental retardation, a short attention span, or a learning disability. A. Klinefelter's Syndrome B. Fragile X Syndrome C. Turner Syndrome D. Sickle cell anemia E. Tay Sachs Disease

B. Fragile X Syndrome

Tyler, 12, has ADHD, the hyperactive type. He approaches a younger boy, Nicholas, 11, who is talking with some of his friends and the playground about the recent Bruins game. Tyler joins the conversation without introducing himself, and listens for a few seconds and then interrupts and starts talking about watching the Celtics latest basketball game and interrupts the other boys' conversation until the boys start to move away, leaving Tyler on his own. Which of the following steps of Kenneth Dodge's social processing model accurately identifies both the step and the accompanying reason to explain Tyler's social difficulties? A. He has problems selecting an optimal response because his ADHD means he likely has below average intelligence B. He has trouble reflecting on social response choices because his ADHD means he is probably not listening closely enough to the details of the conversation C. He has problems decoding and interpreting social cues because his ADHD means he is likely unable to read facial expressions and accurately detect feelings D. He has trouble with selecting an optimal response because his ADHD means he is socially withdrawn and reluctant to talk

B. He has trouble reflecting on social response choices because his ADHD means he is probably not listening closely enough to the details of the conversation

Fifteen year old Anna wants to skip school today because she is having a bad hair day and is concerned that everybody will notice and think badly of her. Which aspect of adolescent egocentrism is Juanita experiencing? A. Personal fable B. Imaginary audience C. Terminally unique syndrome D. Top-dog phenomenon

B. Imaginary audience

8 year old Ella can use scissors to cut small paper dolls out of construction paper, something she couldn't do at age 3. What best accounts for her improving dexterity? A. Increased cortical thickening in the temporal lobe B. Increased myelination of the central nervous system C. Increased interest in playing with dolls D. Increased development

B. Increased myelination of the central nervous system

Julio, age 12, cannot get his science project to work. In fact, it seems to him that nothing he makes ever works properly. Given his developmental stage, according to Erik Erikson, Julio is at risk for developing a sense of A. Stagnation B. Inferiority C. Shame and doubt D. Identity diffusion

B. Inferiority

Which of the following are the problems reported by over half of those college students who binge-drink? A. Missing classes, troubles with police, increased rate of STD, poor grades, problems with relationships B. Missing classes, troubles with police, physical injuries, having unprotected sex C. Physical injuries, emotional disorders, increased rate of STDs, trouble with police D. Having unprotected sex, trouble with family, poor grades, liver problems

B. Missing classes, troubles with police, physical injuries, having unprotected sex

Which of the following is true about people with Down Syndrome as they age? A. Most people with DS show an age-related decline 2-4 years earlier than those without DS B. Most people with DS over age 45 show some neuropathological changes characteristic of Alzheimer's disease C. ALL people with DS will develop severe dementia by the time they are 40 because the gene that produces APP (Amyloid Precursor Protein) associated with AD is located on the extra chromosome (C21) that characterizes DS D. The average lifespan of someone with DS is 65 years old

B. Most people with DS over age 45 show some neuropathological changes characteristic of Alzheimer's disease

Jasmine sees a student in her class raised his hand to ask a question. The teacher sharply criticizes him for asking such a "ridiculous" question. According to B.F. Skinner or Albert Bandura, Jasmine will most likely respond by: A. Continuing to ask questions in class B. Not asking questions even if she wants to C. Ridiculing the teacher D. Ignoring the criticized student

B. Not asking questions even if she wants to

You are working as a therapist in a large metropolitan hospital that serves a large population of people who are African-American in the middle and older adult stages of development. Which of the following health conditions/events are these particular patients at LEAST risk of experiencing, compared to those of the same age and gender who are Caucasian? A. Heart disease B. Suicide C. Diabetes D. Obesity

B. Suicide

Baby Jane, 3 days old, is shown 4 drawings. One is a bright blue square, one is a white oval, one is a drawing of a face, and the last is a black and white bull's eye. In view of Fantz' work, which she probably prefer to look at? A. The oval B. The face C. The square D. The bull's eye

B. The face

Over the last 48-50 years, there have been some distinct trends in the weight status of US adults aged 20-74 years. This was shown in a graph in lecture. Which of the following is a true statement about this trend? A. The percentage of people who are ​overweight​ have increased most significantly from 1960-2008 B. The percentage of people who are ​extremely obese​ have increased most significantly from 1960-2008 C. The percentage of people who are ​obese​ have increased most significantly from 1960-2008 D. There is really no difference between the three groups; all have increased significantly from 1960-2008

B. The percentage of people who are obese​ have increased most significantly from 1960-2008

Which of the following is TRUE about preterm babies born between 29-33 weeks? A. Because if they spend a majority of their time awake, it is very important to keep the NICU environment as quiet and calm as possible B. They almost always experience apnea and bradycardia of prematurity, which means their heart rate and breathing must be monitored by the machine in a NICU or a similar setting until they can sustain respiration without these occurrences C. Positioning them with arms tucked and with legs extended in a frog leg position helps with flexion and strengthening their limbs D. Fortunately most preterm babies can breastfeed almost right away, thus giving them the health benefits of breast milk

B. They almost always experience apnea and bradycardia of prematurity, which means their heart rate and breathing must be monitored by the machine in a NICU or a similar setting until they can sustain respiration without these occurrences

A young adult is MOST likely to die from ___ while someone in middle adulthood is most likely to die from ___. A. Car accident / cerebrovascular accident (stroke) B. Unintentional accident/heart disease C. Suicide / Heart Attack D. Homicide / Suicide

B. Unintentional accident/heart disease

According to the cross-sectional study by Ursula Staudinger (from Santrock), and summarized in an integrative chart shown in lecture showing the adult lifespan in several stages. Which of the following is the MOST important investment for young adults years of age? A. Family B. Work C. Friends D. Health

B. Work

Which group is most likely to have the highest frequency of consistent binge-drinking? A. A group of 24-year olds male football fans tailgating at the Pats game on a Sunday afternoon B. A clique of 17 year old adolescents females going to a high school dance C. A dorm floor of juniors and seniors in college who are celebrating three students 21st birthdays D. A group of 23 year old restaurant workers who drink together for a reduced cost in the after hours

C. A dorm floor of juniors and seniors in college who are celebrating three students 21st birthdays

Which scenario best represents Lev Vygotsky's view of mental and behavioral development? A. A teacher waits patiently for students to come up with good answers and then reinforces them with praise and reward B. An instructor systematically offers standardized tests to students to find out which mental abilities they do have and which they do not have C. A teacher assigns challenging tasks to students but then helps them by showing D. An instructor assigns students in pairs to do laboratory work and then has them complete in on their own

C. A teacher assigns challenging tasks to students but then helps them by showing

An adult in middle age will do most POORLY on which of the following tasks? A. Understanding verbal directions B. Completing across work puzzle C. Adding a long string of numbers correctly D. Lifting a baby that weight 10 lbs

C. Adding a long string of numbers correctly

The Education for All Handicapped Children ACt, enacted in 1975, required that: A. All students with disabilities be brought to mainstreamed schools B. Parents of children with disabilities provide home schooling for their children C. All students with disabilities be given free, appropriate public education D. A standard curriculum be provided for students with and without disabilities

C. All students with disabilities be given free, appropriate public education

Which of the following best accounts for gender differences in longevity? A. Socioeconomic status primarily B. Biological factors primarily C. Both biological and lifestyle factors D. Both marital and social factors primarily

C. Both biological and lifestyle factors

When Alice speaks to her six month old nephew, her voice immediately takes on a higher pitch, her speech becomes slower, and she begins to use more simplistic words and phrases. This change in Alice's language behavior provides an example of: A. Echoing B. Recasting C. Child directed speech D. Morphology

C. Child directed speech

Which of the following tasks would a typical 88 year old (without dementia or other conditions) have the ​most difficulty i​ n completing successfully? A. Recollecting stories from their childhood B. Matching words with definitions C. Completing a set number of tasks in a specific time D. Identifying various colors

C. Completing a set number of tasks in a specific time

Mrs. Harmon, the mother of 18 month old Bruce, consults a counselor because of her son's development. Mrs. Harmon is concerned that Bruce has not learned to speak articulately and in full sentences all the time. He has a limited vocabulary and seems content to point to the things he wants. Mrs. Harmon has read several child development books and is afraid that Bruce should be advancing more quickly in the stages of language learning. Mrs. Harmon fears that Bruce is not keeping up developmentally. Out of the four choices, what would be you ​best​ advice to Mrs. Harmon? A. Developmental milestones are not valid or reliable markers for language; she should see her child as a unique individual and let him develop at his own pace B. Since Bruce has not hit the expected developmental milestones in language, he appears seriously developmentally delayed and should be referred immediately for a speech and language evaluation C. Consider stages as useful guidelines but explain that there is a range of normal developmental within stages. Bruce so far seems pretty typical but she should D. Give her some intensive language exercises to do with Bruce three times a day until he is speaking in full sentences

C. Consider stages as useful guidelines but explain that there is a range of normal developmental within stages. Bruce so far seems pretty typical but she should

Rhett is age 34 and is looking for the most effective way to lose his excess weight and keep it off across the rest of his life and stay healthy, mentally and physically. You would tell him that to achieve this, the most effective long-term weight-loss programs invariably include an important component that helps with all of these. This component is: A. A very low calorie diet B. Daily weigh-ins C. Frequent, regular exercise D. An active sex life

C. Frequent, regular exercise

Which teratogenic effects of alcohol use during the embryonic period of prenatal development? disability or syndrome in middle childhood is typically a direct consequence of the A. Down Syndrome B. Asperger's disease C. Learning disability D. Neural tube deficiency

C. Learning disability

Veran is an 8 month old infant whose mom is hosting a baby group gathering for three other young moms and their babies. Veran has been experiencing some stranger anxiety recently. Because the moms are coming to his house, which is a familiar setting, he is more likely to show which of the following when strangers come to his house? A. More stranger anxiety B. No separation protest C. Less stranger anxiety D. More separation protest

C. Less stranger anxiety

There are several well-established predictors of reaching age 100 and becoming a centenarian. Which of the following accurately states some of the characteristics the centenarians studied at BU medical center have in common? A. The centenarians had higher levels of education and average to high levels of socioeconomic status overall B. The centenarians mostly followed a low fat, vegetable-based diet for a large part of their lives C. Male centenarians are usually lean, and substantial smoking history is rare D. Many centenarian women have a history of bearing children early, before the age of 32 years

C. Male centenarians are usually lean, and substantial smoking history is rare

Providing early intervention to a six-month old baby born with Down Syndrome illustrates something that most lifespan developmental experts believe to be true. This is the belief that: A. Nature is more important than nurture in influencing development B. Nurture is more important than nature in influencing development C. Nature and nurture both interact to influence development D. Nurturing has little impact on such serious genetic conditions

C. Nature and nurture both interact to influence development

Peter, who is an aggressive 11 year old, is referred to the counselor because of a recent episode of fighting on the bus. When asked to explain what happened, Peter said that he had to sit next to a girl who was laughing with her friends across the aisle about the stupid kids in school. Peter said that the girl seated next to him looked him straight in the eye" at one point during the story. Enraged by this, Peter pushed her head into the window. Describe the ​first​ step of Peter's social information processing sequence. Pick the best answer. A. Peter learned aggressive behavior at home Peter carefully considered an optimal response C. Peter takes note of the girl's eye contact with him D. Peter acts first and thinks later

C. Peter takes note of the girl's eye contact with him

Deaths that are sudden, violent, or traumatic are likely to A. Produce a shorter grieving process for the survivors than if a person died of a long illness B. Produce no difference in either the intensity or the duration of the feelings in survivors than if the person died of a long illness C. Produce more intense feelings in survivors than if the person died of a long illness D. Produce less intense feelings in survivors than if the person died of a long illness

C. Produce more intense feelings in survivors than if the person died of a long illness

Holly is in third grade of elementary school and her parents told her she was free to choose whomever she wanted to come to her eighth birthday party. She invited the playmates she plays with during recess and for playdates. Who is she likely to invite, based on the most consistent research findings? A. Either same sex or opposite sex playmates equally often B. Whatever playmates she believes her teachers or parents wish for her to play with C. Same sex playmates D. Opposite sex playmates

C. Same sex playmates

Darren is an active 12 year old boy. When his friend Simon cheats in a game, he tends to get irritated. However, Darren controls his anger and tries explaining why cheating is bad. Which developmental aspect is Darren displaying in his actions? A. Low self esteem B. Self efficacy C. Self regulation D. High self esteem

C. Self regulation

Which of the following is true about preterm infants and the impact of their care on development? A. Proper positioning can help make a baby more comfortable but has little impact on longer term muscle tone and joint development B. Patent ductus arteriosus is the most common reason why preterm babies need to be in the NICU C. Kangaroo care was developed primarily as a way to bond with preterm babies; to date there are no other documented developmental benefits beyond improved attachment D. About 50% typically will need some type of special education once they are

D. About 50% typically will need some type of special education once they are

Given that upwards of 90% of college students engage in some form of social media, accounting for digital space(s) in our understanding of identity issues is important and necessary. They fundamentally alter the ways human beings connect, communicate, interact, and explore self and so therefore, social media has the potential of changing how we develop our individual identities. Using Brofenbrenner's Ecological Development Model to frame and include digital spaces, Facebook, LinkedIn, Twitter, YouTube, Google+, Instagram, Snapchat, and many other platforms could each be considered a separate microsystem. Given this conceptualization, which of the following is a true statement? A. The exosystem could be construed as the interaction between the individual and his or her different social media identities B. The mesosystem would be the locations where programming and structured decisions are made concerning each social media platform C. The macrosystem would have to include society's attitude toward technology and its possibilities and imitations D. Social media has no seriously relevant role in the college student's microsystem or exosystem

C. The macrosystem would have to include society's attitude toward technology and its possibilities and imitations

There is an increasing awareness that the prevalence of ASD is increasing. Jen Chen, our guest lecturer, posed the question of whether there is an ASD epidemic and showed some prevalence figures to illustrate her point. Which of the following is accurate about the estimated prevalence of ASD based on the Autism Prevalence Graph shown in lecture? A. In 2004, the prevalence was about 1 case of ASD per 600 children B. ASD prevalence is 4x more likely in girls than boys: 1 in 37 females C. The prevalence of ASD in recent years is currently 1 in 59 D. All of the above

C. The prevalence of ASD in recent years is currently 1 in 59

Which of the following is an accurate conclusion about cognitive ability in middle adulthood, as demonstrated by the Seattle Longitudinal Study? We looked at the chart in lecture. A. There is a peak performance fr verbal activity, an increase in mathematical and numerical abilities and perpetual speed B. There is a moderate decline for spatial abilities, perceptual speed, and inductive reasoning C. There is a moderate decline in perceptual speed and numerical abilities but the LEAST decline in verbal comprehension D. There is a modest decline in most areas, but most notably in inductive reasoning

C. There is a moderate decline in perceptual speed and numerical abilities but the LEAST decline in verbal comprehension

The main reason that some children delay leaving home until early adulthood is that: A. Their parents often need physical assistance from them B. They need their parents' emotional support C. They do not have enough money to live on their own D. They need to stay in school longer to acquire career goals

C. They do not have enough money to live on their own

Which of the following describes what Lev Vygotsky believed about the development of thought and language? A. Thought and language are merged early in development and later separate B. Thought depends on language, so they are merged throughout development C. Thought and language develop independently at first and merge later in development D. Thought and language are two separate functions that remain independent throughout development

C. Thought and language develop independently at first and merge later in development

A sex linked chromosomal disorder in females in which either an X chromosome is missing (XO) or part of one X chromosome is deleted. Females with this disorder are usually short in stature, have a webbed neck, and are often infertile. A. Klinefelter's Syndrome B. Fragile X Syndrome C. Turner Syndrome D. Sickle cell anemia E. Tay Sachs Disease

C. Turner Syndrome

Neurons involved in brain development continue to change after a baby is born. Which of the following is TRUE about the changes that occur during the first year of life? A. The process of myelination stops after the first 6 weeks after birth B. Connectivity in motor neurons decreases during the first year of life C. Unused synaptic connections are pruned during the first year of life D. It is unclear if neuron development continues during the first year of life

C. Unused synaptic connections are pruned during the first year of life

Which of the following is true? A. Infants do not begin to communicate until about 1 or 2 months after birth B. Brain development is near complete at birth, and neurons top growth and connectivity at about 6 months of age C. Vision in infants improves to near adult levels (20/20) by about age one D. Most infants talk in two or three word sentences before beginning to walk

C. Vision in infants improves to near adult levels (20/20) by about age one

We watched Lawrence Steinberg, a developmental psychologist discuss the impact of peers on risk taking behavior. Which statement below is most accurate about the cognitive effect on adolescents of having friends nearby? A. The presence of peers activates the brain's systems that are in "the reward circuit in kids," and continues into the late twenties, into adulthood. B. When a teenager is with his or her friends, a risky decision has more rewarding aspects but he or she is less likely to make that risky decision. C. When a teenager is with his or her friends, they are more likely to make and pursue the risky decision rather than be risk averse D. The presence of friends is important to adolescents when making decisions, but peer presence does not provide a significant impact to the teenage cognitive processes

C. When a teenager is with his or her friends, they are more likely to make and pursue the risky decision rather than be risk averse

Which of the following statements BEST summarizes physical changes during early adulthood? A. Young adults have more sports injuries than children because of repetitive stress conditions B. Young adults are equally likely to die from fatal chronic diseases (such as a cardiovascular accident) as from an unintentional accidents, such as a car accident C. Young adults are at their highest potential physical peak level but are beginning to decline in some areas as they hit their thirties. D. Because young adults show peak performances in most physical areas, for almost all, obesity is not yet a concern

C. Young adults are at their highest potential physical peak level but are beginning to decline in some areas as they hit their thirties.

The range of tasks that are too difficult for children to master alone but that can be learned with the guidance and assistance of adults or more skilled children A. Theory of Mind B. Conservation C. Zone of Proximal Development D. Egocentrism E. Centration

C. Zone of Proximal Development

Which of the following is true about Down Syndrome, as described in the NDSS website? A. In 1910, children with DS were expected to survive to age nine but with the discovery and availability of antibiotics in the early 1940s, the average survival age increased to 55-60 by 1950 B. Only a small portion of people with DS have an extra, critical portion of chromosome 21 present in all or some of their cells C. There is good scientific evidence that indicates that DS is likely caused by environmental factors or the parent's activities before or during pregnancy D. Advancements in clinical treatment such as corrective heart surgeries means that by 2019, as many as 80% of adults with DS reach age 60, and many live even longer

D. Advancements in clinical treatment such as corrective heart surgeries means that by 2019, as many as 80% of adults with DS reach age 60, and many live even longer

For adolescents with adequately developed fundamental skills, there are several cognitive changes that allow improved critical thinking in adolescence. Which of the following is accurate about the cognitive changes that occur in adolescence and allow improved critical thinking? A. The cognitive changes allow increased speed, automaticity, and capacity for information processing, which free cognitive resources for other purposes B. The cognitive changes result in a decreased ability to construct new combinations of knowledge C. The cognitive changes a greater range and more spontaneous use of strategies or procedures for applying or obtaining knowledge, such as planning, considering alternatives, and cognitive monitoring D. Both A and C

D. Both A and C

Esperanza is having a prenatal test to remove a small sample of the placenta for genetic testing. Identify the test that her doctor is performing. A. Amniocentesis B. Noninvasive prenatal diagnosis (NIPD) C. Triple screen Alpha-fetoprotein D. Chorionic villus sampling (CVS)

D. Chorionic villus sampling (CVS)

"The ability to engage in thoughtful reflectiveness seems to happen all of a sudden. But if one carefully examines it, this ability is actually based on an accumulation of experiences across many years." This theorist hold a predominantly __ view. A. Stage based B. Nature based C. Discontinuity based D. Continuity based

D. Continuity based

The inability to distinguish between one's own perspective and the perspective of another A. Theory of Mind B. Conservation C. Zone of Proximal Development D. Egocentrism E. Centration

D. Egocentrism

Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding the impact of teratogens? A. Very few fetuses are exposed to teratogens, so it is easy to determine which teratogen causes which defect B. Fetuses are safe from the effects of teratogens during the first trimester C. Teratogens cause anatomical defects only after organogenesis is complete D. Exposure to teratogens does more damage when it occurs at some points in development than others

D. Exposure to teratogens does more damage when it occurs at some points in development than others

Which of the following statements about identity development in adolescence is TRUE? A. Synthesizing the identity components ia single, neat process in typical individuals B. Decisions about your identity may take time, but once they are made, they are set for life C. Identity development occurs in a single, one step process D. Identity encompasses an individual's personality characteristics

D. Identity encompasses an individual's personality characteristics

Educating children with a disability in the regular classroom A. Mainstreaming B. IEP C. Out of district placement D. Inclusion E. Self-contained classroom

D. Inclusion

Jordan has a healthy BMI but is afraid of gaining weight. Lately, she cannot control her eating habits and has been eating large amounts of high-calorie food at one sitting, often alone. She has been making up for her eating binges by vomiting immediately after a meal or by purging with laxatives. This pattern of behavior has been occurring thrice a week for the past four months. Which of the following is the most accurate guess about what Jordan is experiencing, given the above information? A. Jordan has binge-eating disorder, but because of her purging behavior, which is a characteristic of binge-eating disorder, she is not overweight B. Jordan has bulimia nervosa, so likely appears overweight C. Jordan has anorexia nervosa, and her periods have likely stopped D. Jordan has bulimia nervosa, but her weight may well be at a desirable level and friends may be commenting that she looks quite attractive at her current weight.

D. Jordan has bulimia nervosa, but her weight may well be at a desirable level and friends may be commenting that she looks quite attractive at her current weight.

Maria is a social drinker. She wants to have a baby, however, and has vowed that as soon as she finds out she is pregnant she will stop drinking completely. Maria is forgetting that: A. Most developmental problems occur in the embryonic stage B. Moderate drinking of alcohol during pregnancy does not affect the fetus C. The neural tube closes at 10 weeks D. Many developmental problems can occur in the germinal stage when the

D. Many developmental problems can occur in the germinal stage when the

Which is ​TRUE​ about the difference between men and women in relation to suicide? A. Women attempt suicide three times as frequently as men, but use less violent methods, so overall their completed suicide rates are the same B. Men and women attempt suicide at the same rate but men are more likely to complete the act and die from suicide C. Adolescent females attempt suicide more often than young adult women D. Men attempt suicide less often than women, but since they use more violent methods, they have more completed suicides

D. Men attempt suicide less often than women, but since they use more violent methods, they have more completed suicides

Which of the following affects girls and boys about equally in early to middle childhood? A. Learning disability B. ADHD C. Autism spectrum disorder D. Overweight/obesity

D. Overweight/obesity

Which of the following statements about peer groups / interactions in middle/late childhood is TRUE? A. Children in middle and late childhood spend almost 90% of their free and school time with peers B. Children under 12 years of age prefer mixed sex peer groups to same sex peer groups C. As children move through late childhood, peer interaction is more closely supervised by adults D. Peers help children assess themselves more accurately by providing social comparison

D. Peers help children assess themselves more accurately by providing social comparison

A genetic disorder, occurring primarily in African Americans, that compromises the cell's ability to carry oxygen properly. A. Klinefelter's Syndrome B. Fragile X Syndrome C. Turner Syndrome D. Sickle cell anemia E. Tay Sachs Disease

D. Sickle cell anemia

A young mother is exposed to lawn pesticides in the spring when she is 6 weeks pregnant. Which of the following is true? A. Since the exposure occurred during the germinal period, the risk is somewhat reduced B. Since the exposure occurred during the fetal period, she must be primarily concerned about the effects of her fetus' physiological systems development C. Since the exposure occurred during the embryonic period, in addition to neurological development, she should be most concerned about the effects on the fetus' more sophisticated physiological systems development D. Since the exposure occurred during the embryonic period, in addition to neurological development, she should be most concerned about the effects on the embryo's structural and organ development

D. Since the exposure occurred during the embryonic period, in addition to neurological development, she should be most concerned about the effects on the embryo's structural and organ development

Sarah is a 20 year old college student who is paralyzed from her waist down. Her mom had her at age 18, as a result of an unexpected pregnancy. She has some sensation in her legs but uses a wheelchair for mobility. Sarah tells you that her condition is due to a "birth defect." Which of the following conditions does Sarah MOST LIKELY have? A. Anencephaly B. Neuron migration C. Multiple sclerosis D. Spina bifida

D. Spina bifida

The PBS video on Alzheimer's Disease (AD) you watched opened with a story of Daisy Duarte and the care she provides for her mother Sonia Duarte, who has AD. In lecture, we discussed the recent guidelines developed by Dr. Guy McKhann of John Hopkins University School of Medicine and Dr. Reisa Sperling of Brigham and Women's Hospital, in which they delineated a progression of distinct stages to describe AD. Using their guidelines, in which of the following stages of AD is Sonia Duarte? A. Stage I: Preclinical AD B. Stage II: Mild Cognitive Impairment (MIC) C. Stage IIA: Moderate Cognitive Impairment D. Stage III: Dementia

D. Stage III: Dementia

In newborns and during the first year, synaptic connections that are used become strengthened and survive, while the unused ones are replaced by other pathways or disappear. For example, the more babies use language, the more those pathways will be strengthened. Which of the following developmental concepts (from Lecture 1) does the process BEST illustrate? A. That brain development is a good example of stability, more than change B. That brain development is a product of genes (or nature) much more than environment (or nurture) C. That brain development is discontinuous (stage based) D. That while brain development is initially largely a product of genes (nature), in time, the environment (nurture) will also partly determine the course of brain development

D. That while brain development is initially largely a product of genes (nature), in time, the environment (nurture) will also partly determine the course of brain development

What is the MOST common change in sleep patterns of adults in late middle age? A. Sleep disordered breathing becomes less prevalent B. Wakeful periods become less frequent during the night C. The total number of hours slept dramatically increases D. There is a decrease in the deepest type of sleep

D. There is a decrease in the deepest type of sleep

Which of the following is accurate about the impact of aging on people with spinal cord injury (most of whom use a wheelchair for mobility all the time)? A. The effects of immobility, such as osteoporosis and pressure sores, are no more significant than they would be for someone without a spinal cord injury B. The rate of cardiovascular disease is about the same as those of a similar age without a spinal cord injury C. The rate of hypertension is five times higher in those with spinal cord injury than those without D. Type II diabetes is about 4 times more common in men with spinal cord injury than it is in men without spinal cord injury, likely due to inactivity and overweight

D. Type II diabetes is about 4 times more common in men with spinal cord injury than it is in men without spinal cord injury, likely due to inactivity and overweight

A genetic disorder caused by a genetic defect in a single gene with one defective copy of that gene inherited from each parent. Characterized by a relentless deterioration of mental and physical abilities that commences around 6 months of age and usually results in death by two to four years of age. A. Klinefelter's Syndrome B. Fragile X Syndrome C. Turner Syndrome D. Sickle cell anemia E. Tay Sachs Disease

E. Tay Sachs Disease

The human genome is NOT changed markedly in the last century, yet obesity has noticeably increased. This indicates that

Environmental factors play an important role in obesity

During the Alzheimer's disease lecture you saw pictures of Frank, a man who is married to a woman (Dot) with Alzheimer's disease. What was notable about this man's marriage? A. He has been married for 60 years to the same woman B. Living with AD seems easy compared to his experience with his first wife, who had schizophrenia. C. Living with AD is easier in some ways for him because his first wife died of cancer D. Having a wife with AD has been the most difficult challenge of his life because of the slow process of losing the woman he loves

Living with AD seems easy compared to his experience with his first wife, who had schizophrenia.

The Apgar Scale is a method used to assess the health of newborns. A total score of 2 would: a. Signal that there may be a few minor concerns b. Signal an emergency because the baby's survival may be in doubt c. Indicate that the evaluator has not made a proper reading d. Indicate that the newborn's condition is good

b. Signal an emergency because the baby's survival may be in doubt