Final Public Speaking Quiz

[6,7,&8] In this list of numbers, what is the median? 97, 96, 95, 93, 93, 90, 87, 86, 84, 78, 75, 74, 70, 68, 65. A. 93 B. 83.4 C. 86 D. 80

C. 86

[1&2] ________ is sharing meaning between two or more persons. A. Rhetoric B. Ethos C. Communication D. Symbolism D. Topoi

C. Communication

[6,7,&8] To do more specific Internet research, use _____. A. quotation marks around the search term B. use Boolean operators C. only use .gov and .edu sites D. a and b E. b and c

D. a and b

[11&12] "They found themselves in hot water when they got cold feet about the revenue -enhancing project" is an example of A. clichés B. euphemisms C. mixed metaphors D. figurative language E. all of the above

E. all of the above

[6,7,&8] The sales prices of houses in your subdivision over the last year were 110,000, 120,000, 135,000, 115,000, 120,000, 117,000, and 120,000. The mode is A. about 119,570 B. 120,000 C. 115,000 D. none of the prices listed

B. 120,000

[4&5] Which is an example of the concept of "chunking"? A. Using only two or three main points in your speech. B. Combining a series of 15 steps into 4 basic categories of steps in a demonstration speech. C. Being sure all your main ideas/points support the specific purpose statement. D. Being sure to eliminate any pieces of information that do not fit into your main points.

B. Combining a series of 15 steps into 4 basic categories of steps in a demonstration speech.

[11&12] Toni knows that over half of the students in her class are nursing or allied health majors. She is a biology major, so she decides to give her informative speech on the history of the discovery of DNA. Has she made a good decision? A. No, she has stereotyped them as all being heavily interested in science. B. Yes, she has picked a very applicable topic for the audience. C. Maybe, but she should think about other characteristics of the audience, too.

C. Maybe, but she should think about other characteristics of the audience, too.

[11&12] "We will fight them on the beaches; we will fight them on the seas" is an example of A. euphemism B. hyperbole C. anaphora D. alliteration

C. anaphora

[1&2] "The system of learned and shared symbols, language, values, and norms that distinguish one group from another" is A. communication B. feedback C. culture D. channel

C. culture

[11&12] "After a serviceman or woman leaves the military, he or she must find a use for the MOS." This is an example of ____. A. euphemism B. cliché C. jargon D. imagery

C. jargon

[3] Which is the correct order of the credibility that an audience experiences toward a speaker during a speech? A. Initial credibility, terminal credibility, derived credibility B. Initial credibility, derived credibility terminal credibility C. Initial credibility, derived credibility, outcome credibility D. Outset credibility, developmental credibility, terminal credibility

D. Outset credibility, developmental credibility, terminal credibility

[11&12] The statement the textbook uses to discuss the controversial nature of language is ____. A. He who defines the terms wins the debate. B. Language is not just something we use; it is part of who we are and how we think. C. Language is not just something we use; it is part of who we are and how we think. D. Words do not have meaning; people have meaning. E. There are no truly blasphemous or obscene words.

A. He who defines the terms wins the debate.

[11&12] "Janet is a diamond in the rough" is a _____ A. euphemism B. ssimile C. cliché D. imagery

A. euphemism

[13&14] "The main cause of climate change is human activity" is a proposition of A. fact B. value C. policy D. definition

A. fact

[13&14] What might be wrong with this proposition for a speech in your class? "People in their twenties should opt out of the Social Security system and re-invest those funds in the stock market to protect themselves against the breakdown of the Social Security system." A. it is too extreme in what it is asking B. it is phrased negatively rather than positively C. it is not a persuasive thesis or central idea D. all of a-c E. none of a-c

A. it is too extreme in what it is asking

[9&10] If you are called upon to give an impromptu speech, what should you keep in mind? A. quickly plan a basic structure to keep you on track B. tell the audience that it's impromptu so they won't evaluate you harshly C. begin your speech with a light-hearted anecdote D. all of the above E. none of the above

A. quickly plan a basic structure to keep you on track

[9&10] Which of these is a common error in speech introductions? A. speaking as one approaches the platform or lectern B. speaking clearly and emphatically at the beginning so the audience can get used to your voice. C. Using a personal anecdote or story D. Trying to tell your personal connection to the topic; it seems like bragging.

A. speaking as one approaches the platform or lectern

[13&14] ________ plus ________ equals Persuasion. A. arguments, emotion B. information, change C. structure, problems D. information, benefits E. arguments, change

B. information, change

[13&14] This is a valid argument. "All working registered nurses in this hospital have passed the state boards. Marian has passed the state boards. She is therefore working in this hospital." A. yes B. no C. it depends

B. no

[3] "Rhetoric" is the word originally used for A. freedom B. public speaking C. ethical communication D. credibility of the speaker

B. public speaking

[13&14] Speech topics such as supporting the police, buying a security system, or investing for retirement appeal to the ____ level of Maslow's hierarchy. A. physiological needs B. safety and security needs C. achievement needs D. achievement needs E. none of a-d

B. safety and security needs

[13&14] The members of an audience the speaker most wants to persuade and who are likely to be receptive to persuasive messages constitute the A. core audience B. target audience C. projected audience D. intended audience E. focus audience

B. target audience

[9&10] The acronym WIIFM refers to A. the audience asking why the speaker has chosen the subject. B. The audience asking why the speaker is an expert on the subject C. The audience asking why the subject/purpose is important to them. D. The audience asking how much research the speaker has done on the subject.

C. The audience asking why the subject/purpose is important to them.

[6,7,&8] Which is good advice for constructing a survey for researching your speech? A. use open-ended questions B. use fifteen or more questions C. Try to include all the options that would be relevant for multiple-choice questions D. Ask direct questions such as "Do you oppose our government wasting money on space exploration?"

C. Try to include all the options that would be relevant for multiple-choice questions

[11&12] The meaning of heterogeneous is ___. A. a stable, positive or negative response to a person, idea, object, or policy B. the process of the sender putting his/her thought and feelings into words or other symbols C. a group being mixed with different types of demographic characteristics generalizing about a group of people D. the subjective or personal meaning a word or symbol evokes in people together or individual

C. a group being mixed with different types of demographic characteristics

[13&14] Which of the following is not a form of inductive reasoning? A. casual B. sign C. syllogistic D. generalization E. analogical

C. syllogistic

[11&12] John has been a member of an organization that advocates for criminal justice reform for ten years. He believes it is the primary problem facing our country today. He also works as a paralegal for the organization helping victims of the justice system. Which of the following is true about John's beliefs about criminal justice reform? A. They would be stable because of his long-term commitment to the organization and issue. B. They would be salient because of his career and how much time he spends in it. C. They would be strong because of the support he gets from colleagues, co-members of the organization, and what he reads. D. All of a-c are true. E. None of a-c are true

D. All of a-c are true.

[11&12] Why might the study of language be controversial? A. Many ethnicities do not have written languages B. Some languages have male and female gender for their nouns. C. People generally do not like to learn a foreign language. D. Language can be used by the powerful in ways that extends their power.

D. Language can be used by the powerful in ways that extends their power.

[13&14] Why is it best to consider persuasion as a change or movement in the audience's mind that happens on a continuum or range over time? A. So that you can see any movement toward the right as progress. B. So that you can be realistic about not moving the audience from -3 to +2 C. So you can get a visual idea of where your audience is "located" on the range. D. all of a-c E. none of a-c

D. all of a-c

[13&14] Based on the textbook's definition of persuasion (from Perloff), which of these is not persuasion? A. a presentation by an insurance agent in your home B. a police officer speaking to a high school group about drugs C. a jury listening to a defense attorney D. being held-up at gunpoint

D. being held-up at gunpoint

[4&5] Which is not a type of connective? A. internal preview B. internal summary C. bridging statement D. signpost E. All of a-d are types of connective

E. All of a-d are types of connective

[9&10] Ben starts his speech this way: "Did you know that every year 2.7 million animals are euthanized in shelters? I don't know about you, but I find that number shocking. It's up to people like you to do something about this huge problem. In my speech I'll discuss this issue." Which is a good critique of this introduction? A. Ben does a good job of getting attention and explaining the purpose and preview. B. Ben has a good start, but he doesn't give a source on the statistic. C. Ben does not help his credibility with this introduction. D. All of these are true. E. Two of these are true

E. Two of these are true

[11&12] This is a portion from Dr. King's I Have A Dream Speech. "One hundred years later, the life of the Negro is still sadly crippled by the manacles of segregation and the chains of discrimination. One hundred years later, the Negro lives on a lonely island of poverty in the midst of a vast ocean of material prosperity. One hundred years later, the Negro is still languished in the corners of American society and finds himself an exile in his own land Which rhetorical devices does he use? A. Figurative language and metaphors B. alliteration C. anaphora D. hyperpole E. both a and c

E. both a and c

[6,7,&8] What type of informative speech topic is a speech with the specific purpose: "To explain to my classmates the types of clubs in a golfer's bag"? A. history B. biography C. ideas or concepts D. processes E. categories or divisions

E. categories or divisions

[13&14] Post hoc, ergo proper hoc, meaning "after the fact, therefore because of the fact," is a fallacy associated with reasoning. A. parallel B. deductive C. comparative D. descriptive E. causal

E. causal

[13&14] Aristotle's term for evidence and good arguments was ____. A. kairos B. pathos C. ethos D. mythos E. logos

E. logos

[11&12] If you were giving a speech on the need for labor unions to be strong in American society, which of the following would be the most relevant demographic characteristic? A. age B. family status C. sexual orientation D. educational level E. occupation

E. occupation

[3] Which statement is true about speaker credibility? A. Citing reliable sources can add to your credibility as a speaker. B. Credibility does not need logical and emotional support to keep it strong C. A speaker will have equal credibility with all audiences. D. All are true E. A and c are true

A. Citing reliable sources can add to your credibility as a speaker.

[9&10] Which of the following is true about using a microphone? A. A microphone makes your voice clearer as well as louder. B. Clip-on style microphones work fine as well as you don't look down and speak directly into it. C. All microphones are essentially the same in how they work. D. Handheld microphones are generally the most functional.

B. Clip-on style microphones work fine as well as you don't look down and speak directly into it.

[6,7,&8] Which is not good advice for using statistics in a speech? A. Give the original source of the information. B. Put the statistics in context or give the background, especially is you did the original research. C. Choose to use one of the main sections of your speech devoted to statistical material. D. Round the statistics in a reasonable way to avoid overload on your audience. E. All of these are bad advice

C. Choose to use one of the main sections of your speech devoted to statistical material.

[6,7,&8] What type of informative speech topic is a speech with the specific purpose: To explain to my classmates the four characteristics of a diamond? A. history B. biography C. ideas or concepts D. processes E. categories or divisions

E. categories or divisions

[6,7,&8] Informative speeches should be based entirely on ______. A. scholarly articles B. natural sciences C. expert testimony D. examples E. facts

E. facts

[4&5] What is the acronym the textbook author uses to explain that speakers should consider their audience's needs and interests in developing speech topics? A. WITS B. WIIFM C. KISS D. WSKIF

B. WIIFM

[4&5] Why should you think about your purpose before, or at least the same time as, your topic? A. It will help you focus your speech to a manageable amount of content; B. It will help you become more audience-centered and outcome-centered. C. You will be better able to make strategic decisions about other aspects of the speech. D. All of a-c E. None of a-c

D. All of a-c

[9&10] Which of these is a common error in conclusions? A. Giving an indication with nonverbal communication what you thought about the speech. B. Continuing to speak as you leave the platform. C. Saying "in conclusion" or "as I close" more than once. D. All of these are common errors. E. None of these are common errors.

D. All of these are common errors.

[9&10] Which of the following is a basic objective of a speech introduction? A. Gain attention of the audience B. Establish rapport with the audience C. Give a sense of finality to the speech D. Provide the direction of the speech with a thesis and preview E. All but one of a-d

E. All but one of a-d

[4&5] The value of a strong preparation outline is ____. A. It allows you to see the relative importance of ideas. B. It allows you a good foundation for practice. C. It makes you as a speaker include all the parts of a good speech. D. It allows another person to have a clear idea of what you will say. E. All of a-d

E. All of a-d

[3] The phrase "the greatest good for the greatest number" is associated with A. existentialism B. Buddhism C. Utilitarianism D. Pragmatism

C. Utilitarianism

[6,7,&8] Mary wants to use a short survey to prepare her class speech. Her thesis is "Drivers over the age of 75 should be retested to renew their drivers licenses every two years." Her first question is "Do you oppose or support stricter regulations on elderly drivers to keep the roads safer?" Critique her first question. A. It's good because it gives two clear choices. B. It is not good because the wording is biased. C. It is good because she will know her audience's specific attitudes prior to her speech. D. It is not good because it will be hard to put into an electronic survey.

B. It is not good because the wording is biased.

[3] What does the "fair use" standard mean? A. Students can use up to 50% of a source, as long as it's quoted, without paying money to the original writer B. Since students aren't making money from a source that they use in a speech or paper, it is all right to use the material appropriately and with proper citation. C. If you are using material from Creative Commons, you have to pay the original source a fair price. D. If you are using material from Creative Commons, you do not have to pay or credit anything.

B. Since students aren't making money from a source that they use in a speech or paper, it is all right to use the material appropriately and with proper citation.

[3] The idea that "any behavior we engage in should be what we think everyone else on the planet should do ethically" is a paraphrase of A. the Golden Rule B. The Categorical Imperative C. The Utilitarian Ideal D. The Rhetorical Maxim E. The thesis of the Aereopagitica

B. The Categorical Imperative

[4&5] Which statement is true about process-oriented speeches? A. They should not use chronological organization. B. They may either be designed for information purposes only or for the audience to perform the process. C. They usually have to be much longer than normal speeches. D. They do not need transitions and connective statements because of the process nature of the content.

B. They may either be designed for information purposes only or for the audience to perform the process.

[6,7,&8] Why is the following specific purpose statement not viable? "To inform my class about the events preceding the second world war." A. This topic is probably inherently uninteresting to most audiences. B. This specific purpose is too broad. C. This specific purpose is too specific. D. This specific purpose does nor take audience diversity into account

B. This specific purpose is too broad.

[6,7,&8] How can movement/activity be applied as a factor of attention in a speech? A. Stay in one place without gestures because movement is too distracting to the audience. B. Use transitions to keep the sense of movement in the speech. C. Use lots of animated characters on the PowerPoint. D. Use a video of some sort in a speech because those are moving images rather than stationery ones.

B. Use transitions to keep the sense of movement in the speech.

[4&5] "To explain to my classmates the role of the Southern Christian Leadership Committee in the Civil Rights movement" is a good central idea statement. A. No, it is too broad. B. Yes, it is relevant to the audience. C. No, it is not in the form of a central idea statement. D. Yes, it is specific enough for a 7-minute speech.

C. No, it is not in the form of a central idea statement.

[13&14] Using your credentials and believability in your speech is an example of what Aristotle called A. ethos B. kairos C. pathos D. demos E. logos

A. ethos

[11&12] John uses the word "deleterious" when speaking about side effects of a medicine to an audience of senior citizens. Should he? A. Yes it's fine B. Probably not

B. Probably not

[6,7,&8] Which of the following is a factor of attention? A. illustrations B. conflict C. numerical facts D. color E. pauses in a speech

B. conflict

[3] Which of these is not a contributing factor to a speaker's credibility? A. competence B. ethnicity C. similarity D. character E. good will

B. ethnicity

[11&12] Which of the following is not a psychographic characteristic according to textbook? A. belief B. value C. need D. emotion E. attitude

D. emotion

[13&14] When the major premise of a deductive argument is omitted to cover the fact that the premise is a stereotype, untrue statement, or opinion, it is called A. An enthymeme B. A fallacy C. A generalization D. A syllogism

A. An enthymeme

[3] Many people make say negative things about President Trump on Twitter. Why is this not defamation? A. He is a public person. B. It is expected to say untrue things about others on Twitter. C. All the statements fall under the realm of opinion. D. All of a-c E. None of a-c

A. He is a public person.

[9&10] Which of these is good advice for delivery, according to the textbook? A. Only bring to the lectern what you absolutely need to give the speech B. Stand behind the lectern throughout your speech. C. Eye contact can be practiced by looking at the back wall. D. You should focus your eye contact on the instructor most of the time because he/she is the primary audience.

A. Only bring to the lectern what you absolutely need to give the speech

[9&10] Which is good advice on using humor? A. Present a humorous anecdote as if it happened to you personally. B. Practice your humor (whether joke or story) before others before using it in the speech. C. Consult joke books for good ideas for introductions. D. Repeat humor you heard from one of your favorite comedians.

B. Practice your humor (whether joke or story) before others before using it in the speech.

[11&12] Pick the expression that is a metaphor. A. She sings like a rock star. B. She is a Janis Joplin when she gets on a stage. C. She sings energetically and in a raspy voice. D. She sings, she dances, she acts—she has all the talents.

B. She is a Janis Joplin when she gets on a stage.

[11&12] One rhetorical device used by speakers is euphemism. Which one is an example of euphemism? A. That happened out of the blue. B. The combatants were victims of friendly fire. C. The puppy was cute as a button. D. The patient is NPO until Tuesday when we can do surgery.

B. The combatants were victims of friendly fire.

[13&14] The specific purpose "To persuade my audience that sex education reduces teen pregnancy" is a proposition of A. value B. fact C. definition D. policy

B. fact

[11&12] Which of the following is not a contextual circumstance that a speaker should consider? A. length of time allotted for presentation B. group affiliation of the audience C. reason for the audience being together D. physical space

B. group affiliation of the audience

[6,7,&8] What type of informative speech topic is a speech with the specific purpose: "To explain to my classmates the life of Mother Teresa"? A. history B. biography C. ideas or concepts D. processes E. categories or divisions

B. history

[9&10] Your instructor will probably want you to present your speech extemporaneously because _______. A. it takes less time to prepare that method. B. it is the most common and practical method of delivering a speech C. it does not require a detailed outline D. it is the best method for students who experience anxiety about public speaking.

B. it is the most common and practical method of delivering a speech

[11&12] Which is a researched-based observation about how men and women communicate differently? A. women talk more than men B. men are socialized to solve problems even when it's not expected. C. Men insert "hedges" such as "I'm not sure about this" D. Women interrupt more

B. men are socialized to solve problems even when it's not expected.

[11&12] According to the textbook, beliefs have certain characteristics that can make them hard to change (although not impossible). Which one is not one of the characteristics?A. stability B. performance C. saliency D. strength E. centrality

B. performance

[11&12] If you were giving a persuasive speech to a general audience on the issue of illegal immigration, the most important factor to consider when analyzing your audience would probably be its A. Size B. Gender C. Ethnic background D. Family and marital status E. education

C. Ethnic background

[13&14] This is a valid argument. "All tall people are from a European background. Benjamin is over 6'5". He is therefore from a European background." A. Yes B. No C. It depends

C. It depends

[13&14] Janna is giving a speech about reducing the amount of carbohydrates in our diets. She says, "Many people think that we should have six or seven servings of carbohydrates every day. But they are wrong." A. This is a good, direct approach. B. This is the start of a good, direct approach. C. Janna should bring up what people think, but not so bluntly. D. She would be better off not to mention this idea about carbohydrates, as some will feel offended and stop listening to her.

C. Janna should bring up what people think, but not so bluntly.

[11&12] Freda is speaking to a group of college students about investing. "It is the time to get an IRA when you reach an AAE of $30,000." A. This is effective because she will appear knowledgeable B. This is effective because these are terms used in that field. C. This is ineffective because of the principle of appropriateness to audience. D. This is ineffective because college students do not like acronyms.

C. This is ineffective because of the principle of appropriateness to audience.

[11&12] This is a portion from Dr. King's I Have a Dream Speech. "I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character." This portion uses which rhetorical devices? (check all that apply) A. antithesis B. assonance C. alliteration D. irony

C. alliteration

[13&14] The specific purpose "To persuade my audience that their Second Amendment rights do not include ownership of assault weapons" is a proposition of A. value B. fact C. definition D. policy

C. definition

[13&14] Which statement is true about the action step in Monroe's Motivated Sequence? A. it is the third step in the sequence. B. it should explain why the problem is significant. C. it should specify immediate, small actions that can be taken to address the problem D. it is only found in the conclusion

C. it should specify immediate, small actions that can be taken to address the problem

[13&14] Appeals to fear, compassion, guilt, or pride are the kinds of appeals that Aristotle referred to as A. ethos B. kairos C. pathos D. demos E. logos

C. pathos

[13&14] The following statement is an example of what type of fallacy? "If we encourage elementary-school teachers to use hand-held devices in the classroom, the students will spend less time reading books. As a result, they will fall way behind in developing reading, writing, and thinking skills. Pretty soon we will have a generation of illiterates on our hands." A. invalid analogy B. bandwagon or appeal to popularity C. slippery slope D. red herring E. false dilemma

C. slippery slope

[11&12] The meaning of totalizing is ___. A. the process of the listener understanding the words and symbols of a message and making meaning of them B. the objective or literal meaning shared by most people using a word C. taking one characteristic of a group or person and making the sum of what that person or group is D. an active process of making an effort to understand, process, and retain E. information that is not filtered by interpretation or editing

C. taking one characteristic of a group or person and making the sum of what that person or group is

[13&14] "To persuade my audience that the newly developed CRISPR genetic technology is morally unjustifiable" is a specific purpose statement for a persuasive speech on a question of A. face B. definition C. value D. policy

C. value

[11&12] The definition "goals we strive for and consider important and desirable" refers to A. attitude B. needs C. values D. beliefs E. constructs

C. values

[11&12] Which is acceptable? A. The physicians will be attending with their wives B. Jennifer is an employee who is handicapped. C. An Asian male and four women were interviewed for the position. D. The police officer finished the report for the sales associate. E. all of a-d are correct

D. The police officer finished the report for the sales associate.

[13&14] What error in reasoning is exemplified by the following statement? "I always wear my blue sweater when I take an exam, but I couldn't find it yesterday. If I had worn it yesterday, I would not have flunked my accounting exam." A. circular thinking B. hasty generalization C. invalid analogy D. false cause E. faulty deduction

D. false cause

[13&14] In decades past, economists used to joke that the stock market went up and down with the length that the fashion world prescribed for women's skirts; if the stock market went down, skirts were worn longer. What kind of reasoning were they using? A. this is generalization reasoning because they looked at a lot of skirts over time B. this is causal reasoning, because one followed the other C. this is no kind of reasoning; it's just a joke and a sexist one, too D. this is sign reasoning, but a fallacious example, because the two are not really connected

D. this is sign reasoning, but a fallacious example, because the two are not really connected

[9&10] What is the best use of hands in a speech? A. to hold note cards B. to be placed quietly at your sides C. place them behind your back D. to use them to emphasize meaning and points

D. to use them to emphasize meaning and points

[11&12] The term "planned redundancy" refers to _____. A. repeating every key idea twice B. using an introduction that is very similar to the conclusion in content C. using the same type of transition between each main point D. using preview and summary statements and internal previews E. having a carefully planned outline and a simple one that you give to the audience

D. using preview and summary statements and internal previews

[11&12] Which is the following is true about demographic characteristics? A. Religion can be thought of, according to the textbook, in terms of affiliation and commitment. B. Affiliation and level of commitment in religion might be different for audience members. C. Region relates to location in the country and type of location, such as the city or suburbs. D. Occupation and education are often closely affiliated for people in the U.S. E. All of a-d are true

E. All of a-d are true

[11&12] "Revenue enhancement" is an example of _____. A. powerful persons or entities using language B. euphemism C. irony D. all of a-c E. a and b

E. a and b

[13&14] The textbook refers to ______ as "bottom-up thinking" and ______ as "top-down" thinking. A. deduction, induction B. generalization, deduction C. induction, generalization D. analogical, induction E. induction, deduction

E. induction, deduction

[9&10] The introduction of the speech should be A. As long as the introduction B. About 15-20% of speech time. C. About 5-10% of speech time D. About 10-15% of speech time E. it doesn't matter

E. it doesn't matter

[13&14] The textbook uses building a house or following a recipe for cooking to building arguments. What kind of reasoning was it? A. literal analogy, and therefore a good argument B. figurative analogy, and therefore only good for illustration purposes C. sign reasoning D. generalization

figurative analogy, and therefore only good for illustration purposes

[6,7,&8] Which is an example of a primary source? A. A journalist interviewing veterans back from the Middle East B. A communication scholar writing an article about what scholarly journal articles say about self-disclosure. C. A student using the digital catalog at his college's library to write a speech. D. A technical writer writing a report for her supervisor on the best copiers for the company to buy.

A. A journalist interviewing veterans back from the Middle East

[1&2] One tip for preparation that the textbook suggests is _________. A. to eat protein for breakfast. B. to prepare your speech in the last few days before it is due so the ideas are fresh. C. to avoid nervousness by not arriving too early to the speech D. wear flip flops because they are more comfortable.

A. to eat protein for breakfast.

[4&5] Which is a common error made by beginning speakers in writing specific purpose statements? A. trying to cover too wide an amount of material B. trying to write their introduction last C. trying to keep the central idea statement separate from the specific purpose statement D. using their own interests and background to select a purpose/topic

A. trying to cover too wide an amount of material

[6,7,&8] "Domain" refers to what part of the web address? A. http B. title C. author D. .org or .com

D. .org or .com

[4&5] The term from classical rhetoric, "invention" is essentially the process of A. Creativity in originating topics B. Brainstorming within a group C. Researching in books D. Specific purpose and thesis formulation E. Choosing the particular message and approach for the audience and situation.

E. Choosing the particular message and approach for the audience and situation.

[6,7,&8] Which of these is an example of writing style as a test of a website? A. loaded language B. errors C. use of name-calling D. all of a-c E. none of a-c

D. all of a-c

[4&5] Which organizational pattern would be best to organize a speech with the specific purpose: "To persuade my audience to support stricter drug testing for Olympic athletes"? A. Chronological B. Spatial C. Topical/part of whole D. Cause-effect E. Problem-solution

E. Problem-solution

[4&5] Which organization pattern would be best to organize a speech with the specific purpose: "To describe reasons for and the results of the Black Lives Matter Movement?" A. Chronological B. Spatial C. Topical/part of whole D. Cause-effect E. Problem-solution

D. Cause-effect

[3] Which of the following is protected under the First Amendment? A. Making a false statement of fact that damages another person's character, fame, or reputation. B. Threats to the life of the President of the U.S. C. Speech that is likely to incite a mob or crowd to violence. D. Reading an Internet website about how pipe bombs are built.

D. Reading an Internet website about how pipe bombs are built.

[1&2] Which of the following is suggested for addressing anxiety about public speaking? A. Examine your own thoughts about why you are anxious. B. Ignore the unknowns as you prepare since you cannot control them. C. Think of your audience in embarrassing or humiliating situations. D. Practice outside of the room several times and enter exactly at the moment you are scheduled to speak.

A. Examine your own thoughts about why you are anxious.

[3] How is correctly citing in a speech different from in a paper? A. In a paper, the reader can look at the references page for full information on a source, but listeners can't. B. In a paper, the reader is not concerned with the credibility of the source. C. In a paper, the reader only needs to know the name of the source. D. In a speech, the listener does not have to know if the material is directly quoted verbatim or just paraphrased.

A. In a paper, the reader can look at the references page for full information on a source, but listeners can't.

[1&2] Which is a lesson we can learn from the quotation about communication from Johann Goethe, the German philosopher? A. One reason for studying public speaking is to become aware of the potential for public speaking's limitations or "noise" factors. B. Public speaking is not really an efficient method of communication. C. Fear about public speaking can be overcome by changing one's mindset about past failures. D. The face-to-face channel adds to the immediacy and urgency of public speaking.

A. One reason for studying public speaking is to become aware of the potential for public speaking's limitations or "noise" factors.

[6,7,&8] What is the main idea in this list: low numbers of vaccinations, obesity, lack of information on sexual transmitted infections, low birth weights in newborns. A. disease B. social problems C. public health issues for teenager D. problems related to bad nutrition E. issues arising from lack of sex education

A. disease

[6,7,&8] Which of the following is a good use of statistical material in a speech? A. Saying "This next section is about statistics on this problem, so pay close attention." B. Comparing large numbers to more recognizable concepts, like the national debt to the distance to the moon. C. Being very precise on statistics, such as down to the .01 place, so that the audience knows you've done your research D. Only provide a source when the statistics may sound unusual to the audience

B. Comparing large numbers to more recognizable concepts, like the national debt to the distance to the moon.

[1&2] How is public speaking like other forms of communication such as conversation? A. It depends on verbal and visual channels. B. It requires a sensitivity to your audience and dependence on feedback. C. Its success is not related to nonverbal communication. D. Its emphasis is only on content of the message. E. It demands an agenda or plan rather than letting the topics flow.

B. It requires a sensitivity to your audience and dependence on feedback.

[1&2] Which of these statements is true about listening? A. Listening is a passive process. B. Listening involves making an effort to process and retain information. C. Listening and hearing are essentially the same process. D. A person either learns through listening, seeing, or physical activity.

B. Listening involves making an effort to process and retain information.

[4&5] Audiences are asking two basic questions while listening to a speaker. A. What is the future of this topic/How much will this topic affect me? B. Why is this topic important to me/Why should I listen to the speaker? C. What is your credibility as a speaker/Who are the major authorities on this subject? D. How do we know it is true/How does this topic affect my world?

B. Why is this topic important to me/Why should I listen to the speaker?

[6,7,&8] Which is an example of an expert that you would want to use in a speech? A. A person who won a Pulitzer Prize. B. A person whose name is known to the audience. C. A person about whom you could give credentials and background in the field under discussion. D. All of a-c E. None of a-c

C. A person about whom you could give credentials and background in the field under discussion.

[4&5] What is meant by "extemporaneous speech?" A. A speech based on a full manuscript. B. A speech where the time limits do not matter; the origins of the word are ex= "outside" and temp= "time." C. A speech based on an outline, which provides flexibility in preparation and delivery. D. A speech type rarely given in public speaking classes.

C. A speech based on an outline, which provides flexibility in preparation and delivery.

[1&2] Research by Carol Dweck indicates that __________. A. Human beings' intelligence levels are fixed from early childhood B. Anxiety in public speaking is only situational. C. Because learning a skill like public speaking is hard does not mean you can never become skilled at it. D. Extroverts will surpass introverts at public speaking.

C. Because learning a skill like public speaking is hard does not mean you can never become skilled at it.

[1&2] The objective or literal meaning shared by most people using a word or symbol is the _______ meaning. A. connotative B. encoded C. denotative D. semantic

C. denotative

[6,7,&8] Which of these numbers is the mode for this serious of numbers? 100, 150, 200, 150, 175, 160, 150, 225, 250. A. 200 B. 175 C. 173.3 D. 150 E. 225

D. 150

[3] The idea of "free marketplace of ideas" originated a____. A. Roman Republic B. Greek Athenian Democracy C. 1960s' Supreme Court cases D. 17th century England E. The Bible

D. 17th century England

[4&5] Which statement is true about the specific purpose statement? A. The speaker must be careful not to get off track from the specific purpose statement. B. It is written as an infinitive phrase. C. It is not said to the audience; it is only a guide for the speaker. D. All of a-c are true. E. None of a-c are true

D. All of a-c are true.

[1&2] Which of the following is not one of the canons of rhetoric? A. Invention B. Disposition C. Memory D. Appearance E. Delivery

D. Appearance

[4&5] Which of these is a good central idea statement? A. Thailand: A beautiful, varied country. B. I would like to tell you about the geography, culture, and religions of Thailand. C. To explain to my classmates the geographical regions of Thailand. D. Thailand has three distinct regions, and each has its own distinctive culture due to the ethnic and religious practices of the region. E. What are the primary regional and cultural differences in Thailand?

D. Thailand has three distinct regions, and each has its own distinctive culture due to the ethnic and religious practices of the region.

[6,7,&8] Your best friend has a brother who has had Type I diabetes since childhood. You are going to give a speech in class about how Type I diabetes affects family members. You use your friend as expert testimony. Which of these is a reasonable view of this choice? A. This is legitimate because your friend has grown up around Type I diabetes and has a long-term understanding of it. B. This is not legitimate because the friend is not a medical professional. C. This is not legitimate because it's not a published source. D. The friend's insights are valuable as peer testimony.

D. The friend's insights are valuable as peer testimony.

[1&2] What is missing from this definition of public speaking, according to the textbook? "A face-to-face attempt to inform, persuade, or entertain a group of people through words, physical delivery, and visual or audio aids." A. the concept of organization B. the concept of intentionality or purposefulness C. the concept of nonverbal communication D. a and b above E. b and c above

D. a and b above

[3] "The attitude of audience toward the speaker based on both reality and perception" is a definition of A. plagiarism B. ethics C. ethos D. credibility E. defamation

D. credibility

[6,7,&8] Which of the following types of supporting materials work for "proof" as opposed to clarifying? A. examples B. descriptions C. narratives D. expert testimony

D. expert testimony

[4&5] What type of connective is this? "So far in the speech I have discussed the purpose of the Eifel Tower in French history and who its designers were." A. internal preview B. signpost C. bridging statement D. internal summary

D. internal summary

[1&2] Which of the following is not an element of the process of communication? A. feedback B. context C. noise D. perception E. channel

D. perception

[4&5] Which is the best pair of specific purpose/central idea statements, according to the textbook. A. To inform my classmates about the origin of the hospice movement./I want to talk today about how the hospice movement got started. B. To inform my classmates of the origin of the hospice movement./Hospice: Hope and Caring for Families and Patients. C. To inform my classmates about the hospice movement./Hospice is a worldwide movement with a number of facets in health care. D. To inform my classmates of the origin of the hospice movement./Hospice care started after WWII in England, came to the U.S. in 1968, and now is worldwide. E. To inform my classmates of the origin of the hospice movement./Hospice was begun in England after WWII by Dame Cicely Saunders to allow specialized care for the dying.

E. To inform my classmates of the origin of the hospice movement./Hospice was begun in England after WWII by Dame Cicely Saunders to allow specialized care for the dying.

[3] Manuel wants to do a really good job on his speech on horror movies of the1920s, which requires at least five reliable sources. He uses the library's databaseof books and scholarly articles to find five or six good sources. He comes up withhis own basic outline and then fills it in with the facts and examples from thearticles. When it goes through the originality checker software for his class, itcomes up flagged as 70% borrowed. In this example, did Manuel plagiarize? A. Yes B. No C. it depends

A. Yes

[6,7,&8] The factor of attention "proximity" relates to which of the following: A. Your audience sits close together and is not far from you as the speaker. B. Your topic is a current event. C. Your topic is something they know a great deal about and are interested in. D. Your purpose is to get them more interested in their region.

A. Your audience sits close together and is not far from you as the speaker.

[6,7,&8] What type of informative speech topic is a speech with the specific purpose: "To explain to my classmates the life of Mother Teresa"? A. history B. biography C. ideas or concepts D. processes E. categories or divisions

A. history

[6,7,&8] What type of informative speech topic is a speech with the specific purpose: "To explain to my classmates the how the meanings of libel and slander are different in the United States and United Kingdom?" A. history B. biography C. ideas or concepts D. processes E. categories or divisions

C. ideas or concepts

[6,7,&8] What word means "statements that cannot be argued"? A. informative B. rebuttal C. irrefutable D. propositional E. refutational

C. irrefutable

[4&5] Which statement is not necessarily true about a central idea statement? A. it is identical to a thesis statement as you would do for English Composition class. B. it can use personal pronouns. C. it must be a full grammatical statement D. it should have the same content/focus as the specific purpose statement

A. it is identical to a thesis statement as you would do for English Composition class.

[1&2] Which of these statements is not true? A. Comprehensive listening is focused on understanding and remembering important information from an oral message. B. Empathetic listening takes place when listening to music, poetry, or literature. C. Research supports the idea that our level of memory from oral communication is not very high. D. Hearing is a physical process involving sound waves and brain activity.

B. Empathetic listening takes place when listening to music, poetry, or literature.

[1&2] Which of the following is not true? A. Staying within the given time limits is a priority for a speaker. B. Public speaking is a valuable way to relay a significant amount of detailed information to your audience. C. It is acceptable to emulate effective techniques and strategies that you see other speakers use. D. A good way to start learning to be a public speaker is to know your strengths.

B. Public speaking is a valuable way to relay a significant amount of detailed information to your audience.

[3] Manuel wants to do a really good job on his speech on horror movies of the 1920s, which requires at least five reliable sources. He uses the library's database of books and scholarly articles to find five or six good sources. He comes up withhis own basic outline and then fills it in with the facts and examples from the articles. When it goes through the originality checker software for his class, it comes up flagged as 70% borrowed. What should Manuel do? A. Make sure he has put the quotation marks into his outline where needed. B. Revise his outline so that he summarizes the quotations from other sources. C. Take each quotation and insert some synonyms or similar words into the sentences. D. Give the speech as is. He has done his work correctly since he researched, used the right number of sources, came up with his own structure, and gave the instructor a References or Work Cited page

B. Revise his outline so that he summarizes the quotations from other sources.

[3] Which of the following is not a type of or aspect of plagiarism, according to the book? A. Putting your name on a paper that your friend wrote for another professor. B. Using some of the sources in a speech that you used in a paper for another class. C. Submitting a paper you used in Psychology class in Criminal Justice class, but with a few changes to correct the grammar, etc. D. Failing to put quotations in quotation marks (and indicating it is a direct quote in the speech.) E. Changing some words but copying the sentence structure of a source.

B. Using some of the sources in a speech that you used in a paper for another class.

[6,7,&8] "Someone with recognized credentials, knowledge, education, and/or experience in a subject" is _________. A. a peer B. an expert C. a primary source D. a secondary source E. a researcher

B. an expert

[6,7,&8] Three terms that are used interchangeably in regard to research are A. peer-reviewed, primary, scholarly B. peer-reviewed, academic, scholarly C. academic, scholarly, secondary D. reliable, current, scholarly

B. peer-reviewed, academic, scholarly

[6,7,&8] "Information that has been compiled, filtered, edited or interpreted in some way" defines A. primary sources B. secondary sources C. academic sources D. peer-reviewed sources

B. secondary sources

[4&5] What type of connective is this? "The second step to baking chocolate chip cookies is to combine your ingredient in a special, recommended way." A. internal preview B. signposting C. internal summary D. bridging statement

B. signposting

[1&2] The meaning of encode is ___. A. a stable, positive or negative response to a person, idea, object, or policy B. the process of the sender putting his/her thought and feelings into words or other symbols C. the process of a receiver putting language and symbols into personal meaning. generalizing about a group of people D. the subjective or personal meaning a word or symbol evokes in people together or individual

B. the process of the sender putting his/her thought and feelings into words or other symbols

[4&5] Which statement is true about the place of the central idea in actually giving the speech? A. It is not said to the audience; it is only a guide for the speaker. B. It comes at the very beginning C. It comes after the attention-getting material. D. It is up to the speaker and the situation where it is put or said.

C. It comes after the attention-getting material.

[6,7,&8] Jargon is ____. A. telling the audience how they should think about a certain word. B. An overused expression like "cute as a button" C. Language used in a specialized field like medicine or the military D. Using words that no one in the audience would understand

C. Language used in a specialized field like medicine or the military

[1&2] Which statement is true about listening, according to textbook? A. Your use of laptop in class helps you learn and retain lecture information. B. We can listen and process oral messages at about 300 words per minute. C. Our preparation beforehand influences our listening ability. D. People in the 21st century are generally stronger listeners than people 100 years ago.

C. Our preparation beforehand influences our listening ability.

[3] Which of the following does not fall into the realm of plagiarism, according to Plagiarism.org cited in the textbook? A. Giving incorrect information about the source of a quotation. B. Changing words but copying the sentence structure of a source without giving credit C. Paraphrasing a source that you cite D. Copying so many words and ideas that it forms the majority of your work.

C. Paraphrasing a source that you cite

[4&5] Having a climax pattern in a speech means that you A. Get louder in your volume as you move to the conclusion B. Put the strongest material in the conclusion C. Put the strongest argument or reason or information as the last point D. Put the strongest argument, reason, or information as the first point E. Use an effective visual aid in the conclusion.

C. Put the strongest argument or reason or information as the last point

[4&5] What is a problem with using a cause-effect organizational pattern? A. An effect-cause organization pattern is better. B. It is only good for persuasive speeches. C. The time involved to develop causes and effects is probably longer than most speech assignments. D. Audiences do not respond well to that pattern, even though it's logical E. None of a-d

C. The time involved to develop causes and effects is probably longer than most speech assignments.

[4&5] Speeches are classified by purposes of to inform, to persuade, and a third category. Which type of speech fits into the third category? A. a sales pitch, like they do on Shark Tank B. a training session on the job. C. a eulogy at a funeral D. a politican's town hall meeting

C. a eulogy at a funeral

[1&2] The meaning of listening is ___. A. the objective or literal meaning shared by most people using a word B. taking one characteristic of a group or person and making the sum of what that person or group is C. an active process of making an effort to understand, process, and retain D. information that is not filtered by interpretation or editing

C. an active process of making an effort to understand, process, and retain

[3] The branch of philosophy that involves determinations of right and wrong is a definition for A. freedom B. ontology C. ethics D. defamation E. aesthetics

C. ethics

[1&2] Which is not a barrier to listening given in the textbook? A. the everyday common distractions from electronic devices B. audience members' personal problems and concerns C. speaker's use of personal anecdotes D. ability to process words faster than speakers usually talk E. none of a-d

C. speaker's use of personal anecdotes

[6,7,&8] "A series of speeches by experts in front of an audience with possible question-and-answer afterward is a ____________." A. forum B. panel C. symposium D. dais E. none of the above

C. symposium

[4&5] Which is not a general purpose for a speech? A. to inspire B. to inform C. to articulate D. to persuade E. All of a-d are correct

C. to articulate

[6,7,&8] Wikipedia's value to you as your research your speech is A. to get common knowledge, basic material on a source B. to get other sources you can use C. to enhance your credibility as a researcher D. a-c E. a-b

C. to enhance your credibility as a researcher

[6,7,&8] Which is good advice for personally interviewing sources for a speech? A. Allow the interviewee to give you reliable background statistics. B. Allow the interviewee to give you reliable background statistics. C. Use general questions so that the interviewee feels free to talk. D. Be sure to choose someone with first-hand, especially professional, experience of the topic. E. Ask questions about their experience, such as "how many lawsuits have you been involved in?"

D. Be sure to choose someone with first-hand, especially professional, experience of the topic.

[3] T his is a portion of an article on Malcolm X that Barry wants to use for a speech on the Civil Rights Movement in the 1960s. It is from the book by Bruce Perry, Malcolm: The Life of the Man who Changed Black America, written in 1992: "Malcolm X fathered no legislation. He engineered no stunning Supreme Court victories or political campaigns. He scored no major electoral triumphs. Yet because of the way he articulated his followers' grievances and anger, the impact he had upon the body politic was enormous." Which of the following would be a correct, non plagiarizing use of the source? A. "Bruce Perry, who wrote an important book about Malcolm X, wrote that Malcolm X did not write any legislation, argue any Supreme Court cases or run any political campaigns, or win any elections, but because of the way he articulated how his followers felt in their grief and anger, he had an enormous impact on the politics for Black people." B. "One of the important but less understood leaders of the Civil Rights movement was Malcolm X. In his 1992 biography of Malcolm X, Perry explained that even though Malcolm X didn't really serve the cause in any official or political way, he was able to influence the movement because of his way of articulating the feelings of the African Americans at this time." C. "One of the important but less understood leaders of the Civil Rights movement was Malcolm X. In his 1992 biography of Malcolm X, Perry explained that even though Malcolm X didn't really serve the cause in any official or political way, he was able to influence the movement because of his way of articulating the feelings of the African Americans at this time." D. Bruce Perry said of Malcolm X that, "because of the way he articulated his followers' grievances and anger, the impact he had upon the body politic was enormous."

D. Bruce Perry said of Malcolm X that, "because of the way he articulated his followers' grievances and anger, the impact he had upon the body politic was enormous."

[6,7,&8] How might you best approach a speech about Area 51 in Roswell, New Mexico (rumored site of suspected alien activity)? A. Do not do a speech on that subject for an informative speech assignment. B. Only do this speech for a persuasive speech about the existence of aliens. C. It is fine as a topic. Roswell is a real place, so it is good topic for an informative speech. D. It can be an informative speech if you look equally at both sides, pro and con, of whether aliens were there.

D. It can be an informative speech if you look equally at both sides, pro and con, of whether aliens were there.

[1&2] Cicero formulated the canons of rhetoric. Which is the correct order? A. invention, style, memory, organization, delivery B. invention, memory, organization, style, delivery C. invention, organization, memory, style, delivery D. invention, organization, style, memory, delivery

D. invention, organization, style, memory, delivery

[6,7,&8] "A process in which other scholars have read a work of scholarly writing and evaluated whether it meets the quality standards of a particular publication and/or discipline" is the definition of _________. A. scholarly B. primary C. secondary D. peer-reviewed E. journalistic

D. peer-reviewed

[1&2] The meaning of channel is ___. A. a stable, positive or negative response to a person, idea, object, or policy B. the process of the sender putting his/her thought and feelings into words or other symbols C. the process of the listener understanding the words and symbols of a message and making meaning of them D. the means through which a message gets from sender to receiver E. a summary that accompanies articles in databases

D. the means through which a message gets from sender to receiver

[1&2] The meaning of connotative is ___. A. a stable, positive or negative response to a person, idea, object, or policy B. the process of the sender putting his/her thought and feelings into words or other symbols C. a group being mixed with different types of demographic characteristics generalizing about a group of people D. the subjective or personal meaning a word or symbol evokes in people together or individual

D. the subjective or personal meaning a word or symbol evokes in people together or individual